575
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Evaluation of public consultations and citizens’ participation in 2015 Better Regulation Agenda of the EU and the need for a deliberative e-rulemaking initiative in the EU

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • Aichholzer, G., & Rose, G. (2020). Experience with digital tools in different types of e-participation. In L. Hennen, I. van Keulen, I. Korthagen, G. Aichholzer, R. Lindner, & R. Ø. Nielsen (Eds.), European e-democracy in practice (pp. 93–140). Springer International Publishing.
  • Alemanno, A. (2015). How much better is better regulation? Assessing the impact of the better regulation package on the European Union – a research agenda. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 6(3), 344–356. doi: 10.1017/S1867299X00004736
  • Bang, H., Jensen, M. D., & Nedergaard, P. (2015). ‘We the people’ versus ‘we the heads of states’: The debate on the democratic deficit of the European Union. Policy Studies, 36(2), 196–216. doi: 10.1080/01442872.2014.1000846
  • Bellamy, R., & Kröger, S. (2013). The representation deficits and surpluses in EU policy-making. Journal of European Integration (Special Issue), 35(5), 477–497. Retrieved from http://ssrn.com/abstract=2254032 doi: 10.1080/07036337.2013.799937
  • Benhabib, S. (Ed.). (1996). Democracy and difference. Contesting the boundaries of the political. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Bohman, J. (2000). Public deliberation: Pluralism, complexity and democracy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Bunea, A. (2017). Designing stakeholder consultations: Reinforcing or alleviating bias in the European Union system of governance? European Journal of Political Research, 56(1), 46–69. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12165
  • Bunea, A., & Ibenskas, R. (2017). Unveiling patterns of contestation over better regulation reforms in the European Union. Public Administration, 95(3), 589–604. doi: 10.1111/padm.12335
  • Buonanno, L., & Nugent, N. (2013). Policies and policy processes of the European Union. New York, NY: Macmillan International Higher Education.
  • Butcher, P., & Pronckutė, S. (2019). European citizens’ consultations: Consultation begins at home. European View, 18(1), 80–88. doi: 10.1177/1781685819847637
  • Carvalho, N., & Lourenço, R. P. (2018). E-rulemaking: Lessons from the literature. International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction (IJTHI), 14(2), 35–53. doi: 10.4018/IJTHI.2018040103
  • Cengiz, F. (2018). Bringing the citizen back into EU democracy: Against the input-output model and why deliberative democracy might be the answer. European Politics and Society, 19(5), 577–594. doi: 10.1080/23745118.2018.1469236
  • Coglianese, C. (2003). E-rulemaking: Information technology and regulatory policy new directions in digital government research (Regulatory Policy Program Report, No. RPP-05). USA.
  • Coglianese, C. (2006). Citizen participation in rulemaking. Past, present and future. Duke Law Journal, 55, 943–968.
  • Crespy, A. (2014). Deliberative democracy and the legitimacy of the European Union: A reappraisal of conflict. Political Studies, 62, 81–98. doi: 10.1111/1467-9248.12058
  • Curtice, J., & Jowell, R. (1997). Trust in the political system. In R. Jowell, J. Curtice, A. Park, L. Brook, K. Thomson, & C. Bryson (Eds.), British social attitudes: the 14th Report. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Dalakiouridou, E., Smith, S., Tambouris, E., & Tarabanis, K. (2012). Electronic participation policies and initiatives in the European Union institutions. Social Science Computer Review, 30(3), 297–323. doi: 10.1177/0894439311413436
  • Davies, T. (2009). The blossoming field of online deliberation. In T. Davies & S. P. Gangadharan (Eds.), Online deliberation. Design, research, and practice (pp. 1–19). San Francisco, CA: CSLI.
  • Decker, F. (2002). Governance beyond the nation-state. Reflections on the democratic deficit of the European Union. Journal of European Public Policy, 9(2), 256–272. doi: 10.1080/13501760110120255
  • Deligiaouri, A. (2013). Open governance and e-rulemaking: Online deliberation and policy-making in contemporary Greek politics. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 10(1), 104–124. doi: 10.1080/19331681.2012.746109
  • Dryzek, J. S. (2000). Deliberative democracy and beyond: Liberals, critics, contestations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Dryzek, J., Bächtiger, A., Chambers, S., Cohen, J., Druckman, J., Felicetti, A., … Warren, M. E. (2019, March). The crisis of democracy and the science of deliberation. Science, 363, 1144–1146. doi: 10.1126/science.aaw2694
  • Dunlop, C. A., & Radaelli, C. M. (2017). If evaluation is the solution, what is the problem? In N. Zahariadis & L. Buonanno (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of European public policy (pp. 331–343). London: Routledge.
  • Elstub, S., & Escobar, O. (2017, April). A typology of democratic innovations. Political Studies Association’s Annual Conference. Retrieved from https://www.psa.ac.uk/sites/default/files/conference/papers/2017/A20Typology20of20Democratic20Innovations20-20Elstub20and20Escobar%202017.pdf
  • Ercan, S., & Dryzek, J. S. (2015). The reach of deliberative democracy. Policy Studies, 36(3), 241–248. doi: 10.1080/01442872.2015.1065969
  • European Commission. (2010). The European eGovernment action plan 2010–2015. Harnessing ICT to promote smart, sustainable and innovative government. SEC(2010)1539, final, Brussels.
  • European Commission. (2015). Communication from the commission to the European parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions, better regulation for better results – an EU agenda, COM(2015) 215 final.
  • European Commission. (2019a). Better regulation: Taking stock and sustaining our commitment. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/better-regulation-taking-stock_en_0.pdf
  • European Commission. (2019b). Stocktaking of the commission’s ‘better regulation’ approach: Summary report of contributions to the public consultation. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/summary-report-consultaion-results-better-regulation_en.pdf
  • European Committee of the Regions. (2019). From local to European: Putting citizens at the centre of the EU agenda. doi:10.2863/597145
  • Fabbrini, F. (2016). Economic governance in Europe: Comparative paradoxes, constitutional challenges. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Farina, C. R., & Newhart, M. J. (2013). Rulemaking 2.0: Understanding and getting better public participation. Cornell e- Rulemaking Initiative Publications. Paper 15, 14. Retrieved from http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/ceri/15
  • Farrell, D. M., Suiter, J., & Harris, C. L. (2018). Systematizing’ constitutional deliberation: The 2016–18 citizens’ assembly in Ireland. Irish Political Studies. doi: 10.1080/07907184.2018.1534832
  • Fishkin, J. S., & Luskin, R.C. (2000). The quest for deliberative democracy. In M. Saward (Ed.), Democratic innovation (pp. 31–42). London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203165485
  • Fishkin, J. S., Luskin, R. C., & Jowell, R. (2000). Deliberative polling and public consultation. Parliamentary Affairs, 53(4), 657–666. doi: 10.1093/pa/53.4.657
  • Follesdal, A., & Hix, S. (2006). Why there is a democratic deficit in the EU: A response to Majone and Moravcsik. Journal of Common Market Studies, 44(3), 533–562. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00650.x
  • Garben, S. (2018). An impact assessment’ of EU better regulation. In S. Garben & I. Govaere (Eds.), The EU better regulation agenda a critical assessment (pp. 217–242). Oxford: Hart publishing.
  • Garben, S., & Govaere, I. (Eds). (2018). The EU better regulation agenda, a critical assessment. Oxford: Hart.
  • Gastil, J., & Black, L. W. (2008). Public deliberation as the organizing principle of political communication research. Journal of Public Deliberation, 4(1), 1–49.
  • Gutmann, A., & Thompson, D. (2009). Why deliberative democracy?. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1996). Between facts and norms: Contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Hix, S. (2008). What’s wrong with the Europe Union and how to fix it. London: Polity Press.
  • Impact Assessment Institute (IAI). (2017). A year and a half of the better regulation agenda: What happened? Final study.
  • Interinstitutional Agreement (IIA). (2016). Interinstitutional agreement between the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the European Commission on better law making, 13 April 2016. Retrieved from https://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016Q0512(01)&from=EN
  • Johnson, A., & Roman, A. (2015). Reflections on e-rulemaking. Challenges, limitations and unrealistic expectations. The Electronic Journal of e-Government, 13(1), 43–55. Retrieved from www.ejeg.com
  • Jones, M., & Saltane, V. (2016). Citizen engagement in rulemaking. Evidence on regulatory practices in 185 countries (Policy Research Working Paper 7840). World bank Group. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/462571475068174273/pdf/WPS7840.pdf
  • Kamlage, J. H., & Nanz, P. (2017). Public participation and democratic innovations: Assessing democratic institutions and processes for deepening and increased public participation in political decision-making. World Forum for Democracy, 1–36. Retrieved from https://rm.coe.int/public-participation-and-democratic-innovations-assessing-democratic-i/168075f47b
  • Kohler-Koch, B. (2010). Civil society and EU democracy: ‘Astroturf’ representation? Journal of European Public Policy, 17(1), 100–116. doi: 10.1080/13501760903464986
  • Kriesi, H., & Grande, E. (2014). Political debate in a polarizing Union. In O. Cramme & S. B. Hobolt (Eds.), Democratic politics in a European Union under stress (pp. 67–86). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Laffan, B. (2016). Europe’s union in crisis: Tested and contested. West European Politics, 39(5), 915–932. doi: 10.1080/01402382.2016.1186387
  • Landemore, H. (2013). Deliberation, cognitive diversity, and democratic inclusiveness: An epistemic argument for the random selection of representatives. Synthese, 190(7), 1209–1231. doi: 10.1007/s11229-012-0062-6
  • Listorti, G., Basyte, F. E., Acs, S., Munda, G., Rosenbaum, E., Paruolo, P., & Smits, P. (2019). The debate on the EU better regulation agenda: A literature review. EUR 29691 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, ISBN 978-92-76-00840-8. doi:10.2760/46617, JRC116035
  • Marxsen, C. (2015a). Open stakeholder consultations at the European level-voice of citizens? European Law Journal, 21(2), 257–280. doi: 10.1111/eulj.12084
  • Marxsen, C. (2015b). Participatory democracy in Europe article 11 TEU and the legitimacy of the European Union. In F. Fabbrini, E. H. Ballin, & H. Somsen (Eds.), What form of government for the European Union and the Eurozone? (pp. 151–169). Oxford: Hart. Retrieved from SSRN https://ssrn.com/abstract=2630925
  • Maśnicki, J. (2016). Good governance thorough better regulation. Looking for the impact analysis approach to the proportionality principle. In R. Grzeszczak (Ed.), Challenges of good governance in the European Union (pp. 197–227). Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.
  • Muhlberger, P., Webb, N., & Stromer-Galley, J. (2008). The deliberative e-rulemaking project (DeER): Improving federal agency rulemaking via natural language processing and citizen dialogue. Proceedings of the 2008 International conference on Digital government research (pp. 403–404). Digital Government Society of North America.
  • Newhart, M. J., & Brooks, J. D. (2017). Barriers to participatory eRulemaking platform adoption: Lessons learned from regulation room. Cornell e-Rulemaking Initiative Publications, 19. Retrieved from http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/ceri/19
  • Nicolaïdis, K. (2004). The new constitution as European ‘demoi-cracy’. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 7(1), 76–93. doi: 10.1080/1369823042000235985
  • Nicolaidis, K. (2013a). European demoicracy and its crisis. Journal of Common Market Studies, 51(2), 351–369. doi:10.1111/jcms.12006.
  • Nicolaidis, K. (2013b). Of bread, games and gladiators: Why magic bullets will not placate EU citizens and why we should nurture a European democracy instead. In R. Bellamy & U. Staiger (Eds.), The Eurozone crisis and the democratic deficit (pp. 11–12). UCL European Institute. Retrieved from http://kalypsonicolaidis.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/2013_MagicBullets.pdf
  • Niemeyer, S. (2011). The emancipatory effect of deliberation: Empirical lessons from mini-publics. Politics & Society, 39(1), 103–140. doi: 10.1177/0032329210395000
  • Norris, P. (2001). Digital divide: Civic engagement, information poverty and the internet worldwide. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • OECD. (2019). Better regulation practices across the European Union. Paris: OECD. doi: 10.1787/9789264311732-en
  • Perez, O., Bar-Ilan, J., Gazit, T., Aharony, N., Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Bronstein, J. (2018). The prospects of E-democracy: An experimental study of collaborative e-rulemaking. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 15(3), 278–299. doi: 10.1080/19331681.2018.1485605
  • Radaelli, C. M. (2018). Halfway through the better regulation strategy of the Juncker commission: What does the evidence say? JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 56, 85–95.
  • Reuchamps, M., & Suiter, J. (Eds.). (2016). Constitutional deliberative democracy in Europe. Colchester: ECPR Press.
  • Roth, F., Nowak-Lehmann, D. F., & Otter, T. (2013). Crisis and trust in national and European Union institutions: Panel evidence for the EU, 1999 to 2012. Retrieved from https://www.inesad.edu.bo/bcde2014/papers/BCDE2014-49.pdf
  • Russack, S. (2018). Pathways for citizens engage in EU policy making. In S. Blockmans & S. Russack (Eds.), Direct democracy in the EU: The myth of a citizens’ union. Brussels: Rowman & Littlefield International, Centre for European Policy Studies.
  • Schlosberg, D., Zavestoski, S., & Shulman, S. (2008). Democracy and e-rulemaking. Web-based technologies, participation and the potential for deliberation. Journal of Information Technology and Politics, 4(1), 37–55. doi: 10.1300/J516v04n01_04
  • Schmidt, V. A. (2013). Democracy and legitimacy in the European Union revisited: Input, output and ‘throughput’. Political Studies, 61(1), 2–22. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.2012.00962.x
  • Scott, C. (2018). Integrating regulatory governance and better regulation as reflexive governance. In S. Garben & I. Govaere (Eds.), The EU better regulation agenda a critical assessment (pp. 13–25). Oxford: Hart publishing.
  • Setälä, M. (2014). Deliberative mini-publics: Involving citizens in the democratic process. Colchester: ECPR Press.
  • Shulman, S. W. (2009). The case against mass e-mails: Perverse incentives and low quality public participation in U.S. Federal rulemaking. Policy & Internet, 1, 22–52. doi: 10.2202/1944-2866.1010
  • Smith, G. (2013). Designing democratic innovations at the European level: Lessons from the experiments. In R. Kies & P. Nanz (Eds.), Is Europe listening to us? Success and failure of EU citizen consultations (pp. 201–216). Farnham: Ashgate.
  • Smith, S., Macintosh, A., & Millard, J. (2011). A three-layered framework for evaluating e-participation. International Journal of Electronic Governance, 4(4), 304–321. doi: 10.1504/IJEG.2011.046013
  • Strandberg, K., & Grönlund, K. (2014). Online deliberation: Theory and practice in virtual mini-publics. In K. Grönlund, A. Bächtiger, & M. Setälä (Eds.), Deliberative mini-publics: Involving citizens in the democratic process (pp. 93–113). Colchester: ECPR Press.
  • Stromer-Galley, J., Webb, N., & Muhlberger, P. (2012). Deliberative e-rulemaking project: Challenges to enacting real world deliberation. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 9(1), 82–96. doi:10.1080/19331681.2012.63597 doi: 10.1080/19331681.2012.635971
  • Suiter, J., Farrell, D., & Harris, C. (2016). The Irish constitutional convention: A case of ‘high legitimacy’?. In M. Reuchamps & J. Suiter (Eds.), Constitutional deliberative democracy in Europe (pp. 33–54). Colchester, Essex: ECPR Press.
  • Suiter, J., & Reuchamps, M. (2016). Constitutional turn for deliberative democracy in Europe? In M. Reuchamps & J. Suiter (Eds.), Constitutional deliberative democracy in Europe (pp. 1–13). Colchester: ECPR Press.
  • Tambouris, E., Macintosh, A., Smith, S., Panopoulou, E., Tarabanis, K., & Millard, J. (2012). Understanding eParticipation state of play in Europe. Information Systems Management, 29(4), 321–330. doi: 10.1080/10580530.2012.716994
  • Van den Abeele, E. (2015). Better regulation: A bureaucratic simplification with a political agenda. Etui Working Paper (04).
  • Warren, M. E., & Pearse, H. (Eds.). (2008). Designing deliberative democracy: The British Columbia citizens’ assembly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Weale, A. (2005). Democratic citizenship and the European Union. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Yang, M. (2012). Europe’s new communication policy and the introduction of translational deliberative citizens ‘involvement projects’. In R. Kies & P. Nanz (Eds.), Is Europe listening to us? Successes and failures of EU citizens consultations (pp. 17–34). Farnham: Ashgate.
  • Zweifel, T. D. (2002).  … Who is without sin cast the first stone: The EU’s democratic deficit in comparison. Journal of European Public Policy, 9(5), 812–840. doi: 10.1080/13501760210162375

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.