675
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Are candidate countries converging with the EU in terms of the Copenhagen political criteria?

&

References

  • Altinay, G. (2005). Structural breaks in long-term Turkish macroeconomic data, 1923–2003. Applied Econometrics and International Development, 5(1), 117–130.
  • Arltova, M., & Fedorova, D. (2016). Selection of unit root test on the basis of length of the time series and value of AR(1) parameter. Statistica, 96(3), 47–64.
  • Bennett, C. (1991). What is policy convergence and what causes it? British Journal of Political Science, 21(2), 215–233. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400006116
  • Beyaert, A., & Camacho, M. (2008). TAR panel unit root tests and real convergence. Review of Development Economics, 12(3), 668–681. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2008.00479.x
  • Bieber, F. (2018). Patterns of competitive authoritarianism in the Western Balkans. East European Politics, 34(3), 337–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2018.1490272
  • Bochsler, D., & Juon, A. (2020). Authoritarian footprints in Central and Eastern Europe. East European Politics, 36(2), 167–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2019.169842
  • Borsi, M., & Metiu, N. (2015). The evolution of economic convergence in the European Union. Empirical Economics, 48(2), 657–681. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-014-0801-2
  • Castaldo, A., & Pinna, A. (2018). De-Europeanization in the Balkans. Media freedom in post-Milošević Serbia. European Politics and Society, 19(3), 264–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2017.1419599
  • Ceylan, R., & Abiyev, V. (2016). An examination of convergence hypothesis for EU-15 countries. International Review of Economics and Finance, 45, 96–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2016.05.007
  • Chapsa, X., & Katrakilidis, C. (2014). Assessing economic convergence in the EU: Is there a perspective for the ‘cohesion countries? Applied Economics, 46(33), 4025–4040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.946185
  • Chapsa, X., Katrakilidis, C., and Tabakis, N. (2015). Investigating the convergence hypothesis in the EU: More evidence accounting for structural breaks. In A. Karasavvoglou, Ongan, S., & Polychronidou, P. (Eds), EU crisis and the role of the periphery (pp. 21–39). Springer International Publishing.
  • Cianetti, L., Dawson, J., & Hanley, S. (2018). Rethinking ‘democratic backsliding; in Central and Eastern Europe-looking beyond Hungary and Poland. East European Politics, 34(3), 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2018.1491401
  • Coppedge, M., Gerring, J., Knutsen, C. H., Lindberg, S., Teorell, J., Altman, D., Bernhard, M., Fish, S., Glynn, A., Hicken, A., Luhrmann, A., Marquardt, K. L., McMann, K., Paxton, P., Pemstein, D., Seim, B., Sigman, R., Skaaning, S.-E., Staton, J., … Ziblatt, D. (2019a). “V-Dem [Country-Year/Country-Date] Dataset v9” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemcy19.
  • Coppedge, M., Gerring, J., Knutsen, C. H., Lindberg, S., Teorell, J., Marquardt, K. L., Medzihorsky, J., Pemstein, D., Pernes, J., von Romer, J., Stepanova, N., Tzelgov, E., Wang, Y., & Wilson, S. (2019b). “V-Dem Methodology v9” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project.
  • Dawson, J. W., & Strazicich, M. C. (2010). Time-series tests of income convergence with two structural breaks: Evidence from 29 countries. Applied Economics Letters, 17(9), 909–912. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850802584807
  • De Angelis, G. (2017). Political legitimacy and the European crisis: Analysis of a faltering project. European Politics and Society, 18(3), 291–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2016.1229383
  • Dickey, D., & Fuller, W. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427–431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348.
  • Dickey, D., & Fuller, W. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057–1072. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912517
  • Dimitrova, A. (2021). Understanding Europeanization in Bulgaria and Romania: Following broader European trends or still the Balkan exceptions? European Politics and Society, 22(2), 295–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2020.1729054
  • Dimitrov, G., & Plachkova, A. (2021). Bulgaria and Romania, twin Cinderellas in the European Union: How they contributed in a peculiar way to the change in EU policy for the promotion of democracy and rule of law. European Politics and Society, 22(2), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2020.1729946
  • Dolowitz, D., & Marsh, D. (2000). Learning from abroad: The role of policy transfer in contemporary policy making. Governance, 13(1), 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/0952-1895.00121
  • Drezner, D. (2005). Globalization, harmonization, and competition: The different pathways to policy convergence. Journal of European Public Policy, 12(5), 841–859. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760500161472
  • Elliot, G., Rothenberg, T., & Stock, J. (1996). Efficient tests for an autoregressive unit root. Econometrica, 64(4), 813–836. https://doi.org/10.2307/2171846
  • Evans, P. (1998). Using panel data to evaluate growth theories. International Economic Review, 39(2), 295–306. https://doi.org/10.2307/2527294
  • Featherstone, K., & Radaelli, C. (Eds.) (2003). The politics of Europeanization. Oxford University Press.
  • Ferdosi, M. (2020). Cross-national divergence and convergence in social welfare. European Politics and Society, 21(4), 384–398. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2019.1649519
  • Gafuri, A., & Muftuler-Bac, M. (2020). Caught between stability and democracy in the Western Balkans: A comparative analysis of paths of accession to the European Union. East European Politics, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2020.1781094
  • Galletti, F. (2018). Restarting convergence to reinvigorate output legitimacy: Is the EMU waiting for godot, again? European Politics and Society, 19(2), 213–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2017.1406641
  • Hamilton, J. (1994). Time series analysis. Princeton University Press.
  • Icoz, G. (2011). Turkey's path to EU membership: An historical institutionalist perspective. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 19(4), 511–521. https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2011.639987
  • Jorgensen, K. E., Pollack, M. A., & Rosamond, B. (Eds.) (2007). Handbook of European Union politics. Sage.
  • Kollias, C., & Messis, P. (2020). Are future enlargement candidate countries converging with the EU? Empirica, 47(3), 453–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-019-09442-9
  • Lau, C., Marco, K., Demir, E., & Bilgin, M. (2016). A nonlinear model of military expenditure convergence: Evidence from estar nonlinear unit root test. Defence and Peace Economics, 27(3), 392–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2015.1016296
  • Lavenex, S. (2004). EU external governance in ‘wider Europe’. Journal of European Public Policy, 11(4), 680–700. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350176042000248098
  • Lavenex, S. (2008). A governance perspective on the European neighbourhood policy: Integration beyond conditionality? Journal of European Public Policy, 15(6), 938–955. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760802196879
  • Lavenex, S., & Schimmelfennig, F. (2009). EU rules beyond EU borders: Theorizing external governance in European politics. Journal of European Public Policy, 16(6), 791–812. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760903087696
  • Lee, J., & Strazicich, M. (2003). Minimum lagrange multiplier unit root test with two structural breaks. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4), 1082–1089. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3211829
  • Lopez, C., Murray, C., & Papell, D. (2005). State of the art unit root tests and purchasing power parity. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 37(2), 361–369. https://doi.org/10.1353/mcb.2005.0022
  • Lyncker, K., & Thoennessen, R. (2017). Regional club convergence in the EU: Evidence from a panel data analysis. Empirical Economics, 52(2), 525–553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-016-1096-2
  • Narayan, P. K., & Smyth, R. (2005). Are OECD stock prices characterized by a random walk? Evidence from sequential trend break and panel data models. Applied Financial Economics, 15(8), 547–556. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960310042000314223
  • Newey, W., & West, K. (1987). A simple positive semi-definite, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix. Econometrica, 55(3), 703–708. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913610
  • Ng, S., & Perron, P. (1995). Unit root tests in ARMA models with data-dependent methods for the selection of the truncation lag. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90(429), 268–281. https://doi.org/10.2307/2291151
  • Ng, S., & Perron, P. (2001). Lag length selection and the construction of unit root tests with good size and power. Econometrica, 69(6), 1519–1554. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0262.00256
  • Öktem, K., & Akkoyunlu, K. (2016). Exit from democracy: Illiberal governance in Turkey and beyond. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 16(4), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2016.1253231
  • Pavlović, D. (2019). When do neoliberal economic reforms cause democratic decline? Evidence from the post-communist Southeast Europe. Post-Communist Economies, 31(5), 671–697. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2019.1607436
  • Pemstein, D., Marquardt, K. L., Tzelgov, E., Wang, Y., Medzihorsky, J., Krusell, J., Miri, F., & von Romer, J. (2019). The V-Dem measurement model: Latent variable analysis for cross-national and cross-temporal expert-coded data. V-Dem Working Paper No. 21. 4th edition. University of Gothenburg: Varieties of Democracy Institute.
  • Perron, P. (1989). The great crash, the oil price shock, and the unit root hypothesis. Econometrica, 57(6), 1361–1401. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913712
  • Perron, P., & Ng, S. (1996). Useful modifications to unit root tests with dependent errors and their local asymptotic properties. The Review of Economic Studies, 63(3), 435–465. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297890
  • Perron, P., & Vogelsang, T. (1992). Non-stationarity and level shifts with an application to purchasing power parity. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10(3), 301–320. https://doi.org/10.2307/1391544
  • Phinnemore, D., & Içener, E. (2016). Holding the door half (?) open: The EU and Turkey 10 years on. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 24(4), 446–462. https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2016.1178104
  • Schimmelfennig, F., & Sedelmeier, U. (Eds.) (2005). The Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe. Cornell University Press.
  • Surubaru, N.-C. (2021). European funds in Central and Eastern Europe: Drivers of change or mere funding transfers? Evaluating the impact of European aid on national and local development in Bulgaria and Romania. European Politics and Society, 22(2), 203–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2020.1729049
  • Tsanana, E., & Katrakilidis, C. (2014). Do Balkan economies catch up with EU? New evidence from panel unit root analysis. Empirica, 41(4), 641–662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-013-9222-2
  • Vojinovic, B., Oplotnik, Z., & Prochniak, M. (2010). EU enlargement and real economic convergence. Post-Communist Economies, 22(3), 303–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2010.498681
  • Waldman, S., & Caliskan, E. (2017). The New Turkey and its discontents. Oxford University Press.
  • Zivot, E., & Andrews, D. (1992). Further evidence on the great crash, the oil-price shock and the unit root hypothesis. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10(3), 251–270. https://doi.org/10.2307/1391541

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.