References
- Adams, J., 1993. Risk compensation and the problem of measuring children’s independent mobility and safety on the roads. Ch. 7. In: Children, transport and the quality of life. London: Policy Studies Institute.
- Appleyard, D., 1969. The environmental quality of city streets: the residents’ viewpoint. Journal of the american planning association, 35, 84–101.
- Appleyard, D., 1981. Livable streets. Berkeley, Cal: University of California Press.
- Arup, 2017. Cities alive: designing for urban childhoods. London: Arup.
- BBC, 2017. ‘World hacks’ film and comments. Available from: https://www.facebook.com/bbcnews/videos/10155322030712217/
- Blinkert, B. and Weaver, E., 2015. Residential environment and types of childhood. Humanities and social sciences, 3 (4), 258–267. doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150304.16
- CAPT, 2013 Making the link, Available from http://www.makingthelink.net/child-deaths-road-traffic-accidents
- Children’s Commissioner for England, 2018. Playing out: a children’s commissioner report on the importance to children of play and physical activity. Available from: https://www.childrenscommissioner.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Play-final-report.pdf
- Cleland, V., et al., 2010. Predictors of time spent outdoors among children: 5-year longitudinal findings. Journal of epidemiology & community health, 64, 400–406. doi:10.1136/jech.2009.087460
- Cooper, A.R., et al., 2010. Patterns of GPS measured time outdoors after school and objective physical activity in English children: the PEACH project. International journal of behavioural nutrition and physical activity, 22 (7) 31. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-7-31
- Cowman, K., 2017. Play streets: women, children and the problem of urban traffic, 1930–1970. Social history, 42 (2), 233–256. doi:10.1080/03071022.2017.1290366
- D’Haese et al., 2015. Organizing “Play Streets” during school vacations can increase physical activity and decrease sedentary time in children. International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 12, 14. doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0171-y
- Department of the Environment, 1973. Children at play: design bulletin 27. London: HMSO.
- DfT, 2013. UK government traffic statistics Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/tra01-traffic-by-road-class-and-region-miles
- Ferguson, A. and Page, A., 2015. Supporting healthy street play on a budget: a winner from every perspective. International journal of play, 4 (3), 266–269. doi:10.1080/21594937.2015.1106047
- Foreman, H., 2017. Residential street design and play: a literature review of policy, guidance and research on residential street design and its influence on children’s independent outdoor activity. Bristol: Commissioned and published by Playing Out.
- Gill, T., 2017a. Street play initiatives in disadvantaged areas: experiences and emerging issues. London: Play England.
- Gill, T., 2017b. Snow 1, Snapchat 0 and why this result matters. Retrieved from: https://rethinkingchildhood.com/2017/12/13/snow-snapchat-outdoor-play-tech-social-media/#more-6627
- Griffin, E., 2015. Hackney play streets: rethinking, re-materializing and representing public life on streets (Unpublished Dissertation for MSc in Urban Studies at University College London.)
- Guardian, 2016. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/mar/25/three-quarters-of-uk-children-spend-less-time-outdoors-than-prison-inmates-survey
- Hart, J. and Parkhurst, G., 2011. Driven to excess: impacts of motor vehicles on the quality of life of residents of three streets in Bristol UK. World Transport Policy & Practice, 17 (2), 12–30. [ ISSN 1352-7614].
- Hart, R., 2002. Containing children: some lessons on planning for play from New York City. Environment & Urbanization, 14 (2), 135–148. doi:10.1177/095624780201400211
- Health Survey for England, 2015. Available from: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/health-survey-for-england-2015
- Hillman, M., 2006. Children’s rights and adults’ wrongs. Children’s Geographies, 4 (1), 61–67. doi:10.1080/14733280600577418
- Hillman, M., Adams, J., and Whitelegg, J., 1990. One false move: a study of children’s independent mobility. London: Policy Studies Institute.
- Independent, 2004. Available from: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/battery-reared-children-miss-out-on-play-547211.html
- Jacobs, J., 1961. The death and life of great American cities. New York: Modern Library edition.
- Jarvis, H., 2018. Envisioning liveability and do-it-together urban development. In: K. Ward, et al., eds. The Routledge handbook on spaces of urban politics. London: Routledge, 336–349.
- Layard, A., 2013. Temporary play street orders: advice on legality and procedure. Retrieved from: http://playingout.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Legal-basis-for-Temporary-Play-Street-Orders-.pdf
- Lester, S. and Russell, W., 2008. Play for a Change. London: Play England/NCB.
- Lynch, K., 1977. Growing up in cities: studies of the spatial environment of adolscence in Cracow, Melbourne, Mexico City, Salta, Toluca and Warszawa. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
- Matthews, M.H., 2003. The street as a liminal space: the barbed spaces of childhood. In: P. Christensen and M. O’Brien, eds. Children in the city: home, neighbourhood and community. London: Routledge, 101–117.
- Page, A.S., et al., 2009. Independent mobility in relation to weekday and weekend physical activity in children aged 10–11 years: the PEACH project. The international journal of behavioural nutrition and physical activity, 6, 2. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-6-2
- Page, A.S., et al., 2017. Why temporary street closures for play make sense for public health. London: Play England.
- Percy-Smith, B., 2002. Contested worlds: constraints and opportunities in city and suburban environments in an English Midlands town. In: L. Chawla, ed. Growing up in an urbanizing world. London: Earthscan.
- Peymane, A., et al., 2018. Effectiveness of a childhood obesity prevention programme delivered through schools, targeting 6 and 7 year olds: cluster randomised controlled trial (WAVES study). BMJ, 360, k211.
- Play England, 2010. ICM survey for Playday. Available from: http://www.playday.org.uk/campaigns-3/previous-campaigns/2010-our-place/
- Playday, 2007. Opinion Poll survey results. http://www.playday.org.uk/resources/research/2007-research/
- Playing Out, 2010a. Playing out June 2010 project report. Available from: http://playingout.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/finalreport2010.pdf
- Playing Out, 2010b. Possible Concerns Available from: http://playingout.net/why/possible-concerns/
- Playing Out, 2012. Bristol’s temporary play street order trial, September 2011–12 Available from: http://playingout.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/TPSO-final-report-Sept-2012.pdf
- Playing Out, 2015. A turn in the road. Blog post by resident activator Clare Rogers. Available from: http://playingout.net/a-turn-in-the-road/
- Playing Out, 2017. Survey of playing out streets: summary and report. Available from: http://playingout.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Playing-Out-Survey-Report-2017.pdf
- Sallis, J.F., Owen, N., and Fisher, E.B., 2008. Ecological models of health behavior. In: K. Glanz, B.K. Rimer, and K. Viswanath, eds. Health behavior and health education. 4th ed. United States of America: John Wiley and Sons, 465–485.
- Sandercock, G., 2018, quoted in article Available from from: https://www.essex.ac.uk/news/2018/01/22/least-fit-child-20-years-ago-would-be-among-today%E2%80%99s-fittest
- Schalkwijk, A.A.H., et al., 2018. The impact of greenspace and condition of the neighbourhood on child overweight. European journal of public health, 28 (1) 88–94. ISSN 1101-1262 doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckx037
- Shaw, B., et al., 2013. Children’s independent mobility: a comparative study in England and Germany (1971–2010). London: Policy Studies Institute.
- Tight, M., et al., 1998. Casualty reduction or danger reduction: conflicting approaches or means to achieve the same ends? Transport policy, 5 (3), 185–192. doi:10.1016/S0967-070X(98)00016-X
- Tranter, P. and Doyle, J.W., 1996. Reclaiming the residential street as play space. Published in international play journal, 4, 91–97.
- Voce, A., 2015. Policy for play. London: Policy Press.
- Ward, C., 1978. The child in the city. London: The Architectural Press.