1,595
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

User engagement from within the Twitter community of professional sport organizations

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &
Pages 275-293 | Received 18 Jul 2018, Accepted 08 Jun 2019, Published online: 21 Jun 2019

References

  • Abeza, G., O’Reilly, N., & Reid, I. (2013). Relationship marketing and social media in sport. International Journal of Sport Communication, 6, 120–126. doi: 10.1123/ijsc.6.2.120
  • Abeza, G., O’Reilly, N., & Séguin, B. (2017a). Social media in relationship marketing: The perspective of professional sport managers in the MLB, NBA, NFL, and NHL. Communication & Sport. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1177/2167479517740343
  • Abeza, G., O’Reilly, N., Séguin, B., & Nzindukiyimana, O. (2017b). Social media as a relationship marketing tool in professional sport: A netnographical exploration. International Journal of Sport Communication, 10, 325–358. doi: 10.1123/ijsc.2017-0041
  • Abeza, G., Pegoraro, A., Naraine, M. L., Séguin, B., & O’Reilly, N. (2014). Activating a global sport sponsorship with social media: An analysis of TOP sponsors, Twitter, and the 2014 Olympic Games. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 15, 184–213. doi: 10.1504/IJSMM.2014.072010
  • Achen, R. (2017). Measuring social media marketing: Moving towards a relationship-marketing approach. Managing Sport and Leisure, 22, 33–53. doi: 10.1080/23750472.2017.1379883
  • Armstrong, C. G., Delia, E. B., & Giardina, M. D. (2016). Embracing the social in social media: An analysis of the social media marketing strategies of the Los Angeles Kings. Communication & Sport, 4, 145–165. doi: 10.1177/2167479514532914
  • Berry, L. L. (1985). Relationship marketing. In L. Berry, G. L. Shostack, & G. D. Upah (Eds.), Emerging perspectives on service marketing (pp. 25–28). Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association.
  • Clavio, G. C., & Kian, T. M. (2010). Uses and gratifications of a retired female athlete’s Twitter followers. International Journal of Sport Communication, 3, 485–500. doi: 10.1123/ijsc.3.4.485
  • Ding, C., Cheng, H. K., Duan, Y., & Jin, Y. (2017). The power of the “like” button: The impact of social media on box office. Decision Support Systems, 94, 77–84. doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2016.11.002
  • Filo, K., Lock, D., & Karg, A. (2015). Sport and social media research: A review. Sport Management Review, 18, 166–181. doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2014.11.001
  • Frederick, E. L., Clavio, G. C., Burch, L. M., & Zimmerman, M. H. (2012). Characteristics of users of a mixed-martial-arts blog: A case study of demographics and usage trends. International Journal of Sport Communication, 5, 109–125. doi: 10.1123/ijsc.5.1.109
  • Funk, D. C., Lock, D., Karg, A., & Pritchard, M. (2016). Sport consumer behavior research: Improving our game. Journal of Sport Management, 30, 113–116. doi: 10.1123/jsm.2016-0028
  • Funk, D. C., Pizzo, A. D., & Baker, B. J. (2018). eSport management: Embracing eSport education and research opportunities. Sport Management Review, 21, 7–13. doi:10.1016/j.smr.2017.07.008
  • Geurin-Eagleman, A., & Burch, L. M. (2016). Communicating via photograph: A gendered analysis of Olympic athletes’ visual self-presentation on Instagram. Sport Management Review, 19, 133–145. doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2015.03.002
  • Gibbs, C., O’Reilly, N., & Brunette, M. (2014). Professional team sport and Twitter: Gratifications sought and obtained by followers. International Journal of Sport Communication, 7, 188–213. doi: 10.1123/IJSC.2014-0005
  • Grönroos, C. (2000). Creating a relationship dialogue: Communication, interaction and value. The Marketing Review, 1(1), 5–14. doi: 10.1362/1469347002523428
  • Grönroos, C. (2004). The relationship marketing process: Communication, interaction, dialogue, value. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 19(2), 99–113. doi: 10.1108/08858620410523981
  • Gruzd, A. (2016). Who are we modelling: Bots or humans? Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 25th International Conference Companion on World Wide Web, Montréal, Canada. doi:10.1145/2872518.2896920.
  • Hambrick, M. E., & Kang, S. J. (2015). Pin it: Exploring how professional sport organizations use Pinterest as communications and relationship-marketing tool. Communication & Sport, 3, 434–457. doi: 10.1177/2167479513518044
  • Hambrick, M. E., & Pegoraro, A. (2014). Social Sochi: Using social network analysis to investigate electronic word-of-mouth transmitted through social media communities. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 15, 120–140. doi: 10.1504/IJSMM.2014.072005
  • Harrigan, P., Evers, U., Miles, M., & Daly, T. (2017). Customer engagement with tourism social media brands. Tourism Management, 59, 597–609. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2016.09.015
  • Harris, J., & Marandi, E. (2002). The gendered dynamics of relationship marketing: An initial discussion of the health and fitness industry. Managing Leisure, 7(3), 194–200. doi: 10.1080/13606710210163391
  • Heere, B., & James, J. D. (2007). Sports teams and their communities: Examining the influence of external group identities on team identity. Journal of Sport Management, 21, 319–337. doi: 10.1123/jsm.21.3.319
  • Heere, B., Walker, M., Yoshida, M., Ko, Y. J., Jordan, J. S., & James, J. D. (2011). Brand community development through associated communities: Grounding community measurement within social identity theory. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19, 407–422. doi: 10.2753/MTP1069-6679190404
  • Hipke, M., & Hachtmann, F. (2014). Game-changer: A case study of social-media strategy in Big Ten athletic departments. International Journal of Sport Communication, 7, 516–532. doi: 10.1123/IJSC.2014-0022
  • Howat, G., Crilley, G., & McGrath, R. (2008). A focused service quality, benefits, overall satisfaction and loyalty model for public aquatic centres. Managing Leisure, 13(3-4), 139–161. doi: 10.1080/13606710802200829
  • Hudson, S., Roth, M. S., Madden, T. J., & Hudson, R. (2015). The effects of social media on emotions, brand relationship quality, and word of mouth: An empirical study of music festival attendees. Tourism Management, 47, 68–76. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2014.09.001
  • Hutchins, B. (2011). The acceleration of media sport culture: Twitter, telepresence and online messaging. Information, Communication & Society, 14, 237–257. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2010.508534
  • Hutchins, B. (2016). Tales of the digital sublime: Tracing the relationships between big data and professional sport. Convergence: The International Journal of Research Into New Media Technologies, 22, 494–509. doi: 10.1177/1354856515587163
  • Kilduff, M., & Tsai, W. (2003). Social networks and organizations. London: SAGE.
  • Kim, Y. K., Ko, Y. J., & James, J. D. (2011a). The impact of relationship quality on attitude toward a sponsor. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 26(8), 566–576. doi: 10.1108/08858621111179840
  • Kim, Y. K., & Trail, G. T. (2011). A conceptual framework for understanding relationships between sport consumers and sport organizations: A relationship quality approach. Journal of Sport Management, 25, 57–69. doi: 10.1123/jsm.25.1.57
  • Kim, Y. K., Trail, G., & Ko, Y. J. (2011b). The influence of relationship quality on sport consumption behaviors: An empirical examination of the relationship quality framework. Journal of Sport Management, 25(6), 576–592. doi: 10.1123/jsm.25.6.576
  • Lebel, K., & Danylchuk, K. (2014). Facing off on Twitter: A generation Y interpretation of professional athlete profile pictures. International Journal of Sport Communication, 7, 317–336. doi: 10.1123/IJSC.2014-0004
  • Li, B., Dittmore, S. W., Scott, O. K. M., Lo, W.-J., & Stokowski, S. (2018). Why we follow: Examining motivational differences in following sport organizations on Twitter and Weibo. Sport Management Review, 22, 335–347. doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2018.04.006
  • Maderer, D., Parganas, P., & Anagnostopoulos, C. (2018). Brand-image communication through social media: The case of European professional football clubs. International Journal of Sport Communication, 11, 319–338. doi: 10.1123/ijsc.2018-0086
  • Meng, M. D., Stavros, C., & Westberg, K. (2015). Engaging fans through social media: Implications for team identification. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 5, 199–217. doi:10.1108/SBM-06-3013-0013 doi: 10.1108/SBM-06-2013-0013
  • Naraine, M. L. (in press). Follower segments within and across the social media networks of major professional sport organizations. Sport Marketing Quarterly.
  • Naraine, M. L., & Karg, A. J. (2019). Digital media in international sport: Engaging fans via social media and fantasy sports. In E. MacIntosh, G. Bravo, & M. Li (Eds.), International sport management (pp. 315–331). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Naraine, M. L., & Parent, M. M. (2016a). “Birds of a feather:” An institutional approach to Canadian national sport organizations’ social media usage. International Journal of Sport Communication, 9, 140–162. doi: 10.1123/IJSC.2016-0010
  • Naraine, M. L., & Parent, M. M. (2016b). Illuminating centralized users in the social media ego network of two national sport organizations. Journal of Sport Management, 30, 689–701. doi: 10.1123/jsm.2016-0067
  • Naraine, M. L., & Parent, M. M. (2017). This is how we do it: A qualitative approach to national sport organizations’ social-media implementation. International Journal of Sport Communication, 10, 196–217. doi: 10.1123/IJSC.2017-0006
  • Oh, C., Roumani, Y., Nwankpa, J. K., & Hu, H. F. (2017). Beyond likes and tweets: Consumer engagement behavior and movie box office in social media. Information & Management, 54(1), 25–37. doi: 10.1016/j.im.2016.03.004
  • Pegoraro, A., Burch, L. M., Frederick, E., & Vincent, C. (2014). I am not loving it: Examining the hijacking of #CheersToSochi. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 15, 163–183. doi: 10.1504/IJSMM.2014.072008
  • Phua, J., Jin, S. V., & Kim, J. (2017). Gratifications of using Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or Snapchat to follow brands: The moderating effect of social comparison, trust, tie strength, and network homophily on brand identification, brand engagement, brand commitment, and membership intention. Telematics and Informatics, 34, 412–424. doi: 10.1016/j.tele.2016.06.004
  • Popp, B., Horbel, C., & Germelmann, C. C. (2018). Social-media-based antibrand communities opposing sport-team sponsors: Insights from two prototypical communities. International Journal of Sport Communication, 11, 339–368. doi: 10.1123/ijsc.2018-0082
  • Pronschinske, M., Groza, M. D., & Walker, M. (2012). Attracting Facebook ‘fans’: The importance of authenticity and engagement as a social networking strategy for professional sport teams. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 21, 221–231.
  • Renaud, P. (2016). The power of interest graph analysis: Advanced audience insights accessed. Retrieved from http://www.affinio.com/blog/2016/09/26/power-of-interes-graph-analaysis-advanced-audience-insights/
  • Stavros, C., Meng, M. D., Westberg, K., & Farrelly, F. (2014). Understanding fan motivation for interacting on social media. Sport Management Review, 17, 455–469. doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2013.11.004
  • Theodorakis, N. D., & Alexandris, K. (2008). Can service quality predict spectators’ behavioral intentions in professional soccer? Managing Leisure, 13(3-4), 162–178. doi: 10.1080/13606710802200852
  • Wang, Y., & Zhou, S. (2015). How do sports organizations use social media to build relationships? A content analysis of NBA clubs’ Twitter use. International Journal of Sport Communication, 8, 133–148. doi: 10.1123/IJSC.2014-0083
  • Watanabe, N. M., Yan, G., & Soebbing, B. P. (2016). Consumer interest in Major League Baseball: An analytical modelling of Twitter. Journal of Sport Management, 30, 207–220. doi: 10.1123/jsm.2015-0121
  • Waters, R. D., Burke, K. A., Jackson, Z. H., & Buning, J. D. (2011). Using stewardship to cultivate fandom online: Comparing how National Football League teams use their web sites and Facebook to engage their fans. International Journal of Sport Communication, 4, 163–177. doi: 10.1123/ijsc.4.2.163
  • Whitson, D., & Gruneau, R. S. (2006). Artificial ice: Hockey, culture and commerce. Toronto: Garamond Press.
  • Williams, J., & Chinn, S. J. (2010). Meeting relationship-marketing goals through social media: A conceptual model for sport marketers. International Journal of Sport Communication, 3, 422–437. doi: 10.1123/ijsc.3.4.422
  • Winand, M., Zintz, T., Bayle, E., & Robinson, L. (2010). Organizational performance of Olympic sport governing bodies: Dealing with measurement and priorities. Managing Leisure, 15, 279–307. doi: 10.1080/13606719.2010.508672
  • Witkemper, C., Lim, C. H., & Waldburger, A. (2012). Social media and sports marketing: Examining the motivations and constraints of Twitter users. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 21, 170–183.
  • Wolstat, R. (2017, September, 18). Raptors among NBA teams linked to new esports league. Retrieved from http://torontosun.com/2017/09/18/raptors-among-nba-teams-involved-in-new-esports-league/wcm/2b2e3ff3-3d63-48e3-823f-7b73160bc472
  • Woodman, M. (2017, February 28). Affinio and ad sales – Unveil the relationships between your inventory and campaign trends. Retrieved from http://www.affinio.com/blog/2017/02/28/unveil-the-relationship-between-your-inventory-and-campaign-targets/
  • Yan, G., Pegoraro, A., & Watanabe, N. (2018). Student-athletes’ organization of activism at the university of Missouri: Resource mobilization on Twitter. Journal of Sport Management, 32, 24–37. doi: 10.1123/jsm.2017-0031

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.