Challenges in Parole Supervision: Views from the Field

References

• Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (1995). The Level of Service Inventory‐Revised. Toronto, Canada: Multi‐Health Systems.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews, D., Bonta, J., & Wormith, J. (2006). The recent past and near future of risk and/or need assessment. Crime and Delinquency, 52(1), 7–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apel, R., Blokland, A., Niuwbeerta, P., & Van Schellen, M. (2010). The impact of imprisonment on marriage and divorce: A risk set matching approach. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 26, 269–300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baer, D., Bhati, A., Brooks, L., Castro, J., La Vigne, N., & Mallik-Kane, K. (2006). Understanding the challenges of prisoner reentry: Research findings from the Urban Institute’s Prisoner Reentry Portfolio. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Baldini, G., Karanasios, S., Allen, D., & Vergari, F. (2014). Survey of wireless communication technologies for public safety. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 16(2), 619–641.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker, V. (2011). Decarceration. Criminology & Public Policy, 10(2), 283–286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg, M., & Huebner, B. (2011). Reentry and the ties that bind: An examination of social ties, employment and recidivism. Justice Quarterly, 28(2), 382–410.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blasko, B., Friedmann, P., Rhodes, A., & Taxman, F. (2015). The parolee-officer relationship as a mediator of criminal justice outcomes. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 42(7), 722–740. doi:10.1177/0093854814562642.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonta, J., Rugge, Scott, T., Bourgon, G., & Yessine, A. (2008). Exploring the black box of community supervision. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 47(3), 248–270.
   Google Scholar
• Burrell, W. (2005). Trends in probation and parole in the states. Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association.
   Google Scholar
• Carter, R., & Wilkins, L. (1976). Caseloads: Some conceptual models. In R. Carter & L. Wilkins (Eds.), Probation, parole and community corrections (2nd ed., pp. 391–401). New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Caudy, M. S., Durso, J. M., & Taxman, F. S. (2013). How well do dynamic needs predict recidivism? Implications for risk assessment and risk reduction. Journal of Criminal Justice, 41(6), 458–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. (1983). The grounded theory method: An explication and interpretation. In R. Emerson (Ed.), Contemporary field research (pp. 109–126). Boston, MA: Little and Brown.
   Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Clear, T. (2005). Places not cases? Re-thinking the probation focus. Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 44(2), 172–184.
   Google Scholar
• Clear, T., & Frost, N. (2013). The punishment imperative: The rise and failure of mass incarceration in America. New York, NY: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Clear, T., & Hardyman, P. (1990). The new intensive supervision movement. Crime & Delinquency, 36, 42–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clear, T. R., & Latessa, E. J. (1993). Probation officer roles in intensive supervision: Surveillance versus treatment. Justice Quarterly, 10, 441–462.
   Google Scholar
• Cuellar, D. (2008, September 24). Officer killed in North Philadelphia: Suspected shooter was pronounced dead at the scene. ABC Action News. Retrieved from http://6abc.com/archive/6408148/.
   Google Scholar
• Dembo, R. (1972). Orientation and activities of the parole officer. Criminology, 10(2), 193–216.
   Google Scholar
• DeMichele, M. (2007). Probation and parole’s growing caseloads and workload allocation: strategies for managerial decision making. Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association.
   Google Scholar
• Dupont, I. (2008). Beyond doing no harm: A call for participatory action research with marginalized populations in criminological research. Critical Criminology, 16(3), 197–207.
   Google Scholar
• Erwin, B. S. (1986). Turning up the heat on probationers in Georgia. Federal Probation, 50(2), 17–24.
   Google Scholar
• FirstNet (First Responder Network Authority). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.firstnet.gov/network.
   Google Scholar
• Fulton, B., Stichman, A., Lawrence, T., & Latessa, E. (1997). Moderating probation and parole officer attitudes to achieve desired outcomes. Prison Journal, 77, 295–312.
   Google Scholar
• Gartner, R., Doob A., & Zimring F. (2011). The past as prologue? Decarceration in California then and now. Criminology & Public Policy, 10(2), 291–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser, D. (1964). The effectiveness of a prison and parole system. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill.
   Google Scholar
• Glaze, L. E., & Kaeble, D. (2014). Correctional populations in the United States, 2013. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cpus13.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Goldkamp, J. S., Vîlcică, E. R., Harris, M. K., & Weiland, D. (2010). Parole and public safety in Pennsylvania: A report to Governor Edward G. Rendell. Philadelphia, PA: Crime and Justice Research Center, Temple University.
   Google Scholar
• Grattet, R., Lin, J., & Petersilia, J. (2011). Supervision regimes, risk, and official reactions to parolee deviance. Criminology, 49(2), 371–399.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnison, E., & Helfgott, J. (2011). Factors that hinder offender reentry success: A view from community corrections officers. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55(2), 287–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, P., & Keller, K. (2005). Ex-offenders need not apply: The criminal background check in hiring decision. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21(1), 6–30.
   Google Scholar
• Herberman, E. J., & Bonczar, T. P. (2014). Probation and parole in the United States, 2013. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ppus13.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Hipp, J., Jannetta, J., Shah, R., & Turner, S. (2011). Parolees’ physical closeness to social services: A study of California parolees. Crime & Delinquency, 57(1), 102–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holzer, H., Raphael, S., & Stoll, M. (2003). Employment barriers facing ex-offenders. New York, NY: New York University Law School, Urban Institute Reentry Roundtable.
   Google Scholar
• Huebner, B., & Pleggenkuhle, B. (2015). Residential location, household composition, and recidivism: An analysis by gender. Justice Quarterly, 32(5), 818–844.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ireland, C. (2007). Parolee day treatment in California: Action research with parolees in an urban setting. Justice Policy Journal, 4(2), 1–35.
   Google Scholar
• Jalbert, S., Rhodes, W., Flygare, C., & Kane, M. (2010). Testing probation outcomes in an evidence-based setting: Reduced caseload size and intensive supervision effectiveness. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 49(4), 233–253.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, C., & Fader, J. (2012). Computer-based employment applications: Implications for offenders and supervising officers. Federal Probation, 76(1), 24–29.
   Google Scholar
• Klockars, C. (1972). A theory of probation supervision. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 63(4), 550–557.
   Google Scholar
• Klofas, J., Kroovand Hipple, N., & McGarrell, E. (Eds.). (2010). The new criminal justice: American communities and the changing world of crime control. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, J., Grattet, R., & Petersilia, J. (2010). “Back-end sentencing” and reimprisonment: Individual, organizational, and community predictors of parole sanctioning decisions. Criminology, 48(3), 759–795.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopoo, L., & Western, B. (2005). Incarceration and the formation and stability of marital unions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(3), 721–734.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowenkamp, C. T., Latessa, E. J., & Holsinger, A. M. (2006). The risk principle in action: What have we learned from 13,676 offenders and 97 correctional programs? Crime & Delinquency, 52(1), 77–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallik-Kane, K., & Visher, C. (2008). Health and prisoner reentry: How physical, mental, and substance abuse conditions shape the process of reintegration. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Maruschak, L. M., & Bonczar, T. P. (2013). Probation and parole in the United States, 2012. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ppus12.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• McFarlane, D. (2012). The impact of the global economic recession on the American criminal justice system. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 7(2), 539–549.
   Google Scholar
• McGarry, P. (2010). The continuing fiscal crisis in corrections: Setting a new course. New York, NY: Vera Institute of Justice.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, J. (2013). Contemporary modes of probation officer supervision: The triumph of the “synthetic” officer? Justice Quarterly, 32(2), 314–336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naser, R. L., & La Vigne, N. G. (2006). Family support in the prisoner reentry process: Expectations and realities. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 43, 93–106.
   Google Scholar
• Odom, V. (2008, September 25). Questions about cop killer’s parole. ABC Action News. Retrieved from http://6abc.com/archive/6414535/.
   Google Scholar
• Ohlin, L., Piven, H., & Pappenfort, D. (1956). Major dilemmas of the social worker in probation and parole. National Probation and Parole Association Journal, 11, 211-225.
   Google Scholar
• Petersilia, J. (1998). Community corrections: Probation, parole, and intermediate sanctions. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Petersilia, J. (2002). Reforming probation and parole in the 21st century. Alexandria, VA: American Correctional Association.
   Google Scholar
• Petersilia, J. (2003). When prisoners come home: Parole and prisoner reentry. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Petersilia, J., & Turner, S. (1993). Probation and parole. Crime & Justice, 17, 281–335.
   Google Scholar
• PEW Center on the States. (2008). One in 100: Behind bars in America. Washington, DC: Pew Charitable Trusts. Retrieved from http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/legacy/uploadedfiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/reports/sentencing_and_corrections/onein100pdf.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• PEW Center on the States. (2009). One in 31: The Long Reach of American Corrections. Washington, DC: Pew Charitable Trusts. Retrieved from http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2009/03/02/pspp_1in31_report_final_web_32609.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• PEW Charitable Trusts. (2014). US prison count continues to drop amid falling crime rates. Retrieved from http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/about/news-room/press-releases/2014/03/14/us-imprisonment-rate-continues-to-drop-amid-falling-crime-rate.
   Google Scholar
• Phelps, M. (2013). The paradox of probation: Community supervision in the age of mass incarceration. Law & Policy, 35(1/2), 51–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramakers, A., Robert, A., Nieuwbeerta, P., Dirkzwager, A., & Van Wilsem, J. (2014). Imprisonment length and post-prison employment prospects. Criminology, 52(3), 399–427.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richie, B. (2001). Challenges incarcerated women face as they return to their communities: Findings from life history interviews. Crime & Delinquency, 47, 368–389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman, C. G., & Travis, J. (2006). Where will I sleep tomorrow: Housing, homelessness and the returning prisoner. Housing Policy Debate, 17(2), 389–418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, J., Gallo, F., & Coutts, A. (2008). Violent crime: Risk models, effective interventions and risk management. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Schlager, M. D., & Robbins, K. (2008). Does parole work? Revisited: Reframing the discussion of the impact of postprison supervision on offender outcome. Prison Journal, 88(2), 234–251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott-Hayward, C. S. (2009). The fiscal crisis in corrections: Rethinking policies and practices. New York, NY: Vera Institute of Justice.
   Google Scholar
• Siennick, S., Eric A. S., & Staff, J. (2014). Explaining the association between incarceration and divorce. Criminology, 52(3), 371–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skeem J., Eno Louden J., Polaschek D., & Camp, J. (2007). Assessing relationship quality in mandated community treatment: Blending care with control. Psychological Assessment, 19(4), 397–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skeem, J., & Manchak, S. (2008). Back to the future: From Klockars’ model of effective supervision to evidence-based practices in probation. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 47(3), 220–247.
   Google Scholar
• Steiner, B., Travis, L. F. III, & Makarios, M. D. (2009). Understanding parole officers’ responses to sanctioning reform. Crime & Delinquency, 57(2), 222–246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, E., Hassal, P., & Rowlands, D. (2008). Breaking the chain: A prison-based participatory action research project. British Journal of Forensic Practice, 10(3), 13–19.
   Google Scholar
• Taxman, F. S., & Caudy, M. S. (2015). Risk tells us who, but not what or how. Criminology & Public Policy, 14(1), 71–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taxman, F., Shepardson, E., & Byrne, J. (2004). Tools of the trade: A guide to incorporating science into practice. Washington, DC: National Institute of Corrections.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, C. W. (2010, November 22). The story of two guns that killed police officers. The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/21/AR2010112103202.html?sid=ST2010112104787.
   Google Scholar
• Tonry, M., & Lynch, M. (1996). Intermediate sanctions. Crime & Justice, 20, 99–114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vera Institute of Justice. (2009). New York State Parole Project. Retrieved from www.vera.org/project/new-york-state-parole-project.
   Google Scholar
• Vîlcică, E. R. (2016). Studying parole in the spotlight: Lessons from a large American jurisdiction. European Journal on Criminal Policy & Research, 22(1), 61–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visher, A. C. (2013). Incarcerated fathers: Pathways from prison to home. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 24(1), 9–26.
   Google Scholar
• Visher, C., Debus, S., & Yahner, J. (2008). Employment after prison: A longitudinal study of releasees in three states. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Visher, C., La Vigne, N., & Travis, J. (2004). Returning home: Understanding the challenges of prisoner reentry. Maryland pilot study: Findings from Baltimore. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Wallace, D., Fahmy, C., Cotton, C., Jimmons, C., McKay, R., Stoffer, S., & Syed, S. (2016). Examining the role of familial support during prison and after release on post-incarceration mental health. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 60(1), 3–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walmsley, R. (2014). World prison population list ( 10th ed.). London, England: International Centre for Prison Studies. Retrieved from http://prisonstudies.org/sites/prisonstudies.org/files/resources/downloads/wppl_10.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• West, A., & Seiter, R. (2004). Social worker or cop? Measuring the supervision styles of probation & parole officers in Kentucky and Missouri. Journal of Crime & Justice, 27(2), 27–57.
   Google Scholar
• Whetzel, J., Paparozzi, M., Alexander, M. & Lowencamp, C. (2011). Goodbye to a worn-out dichotomy: Law enforcement, social work, and a balanced approach: A survey of federal probation officer attitudes. Federal Probation, 75(2), 7–12.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, S., Roberts, R., & Callanan, V. (2006). Preventing parolees from returning to prison through community based reintegration. Crime and Delinquency, 52(4), 551–571.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar