What to Do When Worries Ring True: How CBT Clinicians Can Address Realistic Worries When Treating Youth With Anxiety

References

• Abramson, A. (2022, January 1). Children’s mental health is in crisis. Monitor on Psychology, 53(1). https://www.apa.org/monitor/2022/01/special-childrens-mental-health
   Google Scholar
• Becker, E. M., Smith, A. M., & Jensen-Doss, A. (2013). Who’s using treatment manuals? A national survey of practicing therapists. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(10), 706–710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2013.07.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilek, E., Tomlinson, R., Whiteman, A., Johnson, T., Benedict, C., Phan, K., Monk, C., & Fitzgerald, K. (2022). Exposure-focused CBT outperforms relaxation-based control in an RCT of treatment for child and adolescent anxiety. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 51(4), 410–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2021.1901230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borntrager, C. F., Chorpita, B. F., Higa McMillan, C., & Weisz, J. R. (2009). Provider attitudes toward evidence-based practices: Are the concerns with the evidence or with the manuals? Psychiatric Services, 60(5), 677–681. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2009.60.5.677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casline, E., Ogle, R., Peris, T., Kendall, P., Piacentini, J., Compton, S., Keeton, C., & Ginsburg, G. (2022). Client rated facilitators and barriers to long-term youth anxiety disorder recovery. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(11), 2164–2179. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro, F. G., & Yasui, M. (2017). Advances in EBI development for diverse populations: Towards a science of intervention adaptation. Prevention Science, 18(6), 623–629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0809-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chavira, D. A., Stein, M. B., Bailey, K., & Stein, M. T. (2004). Child anxiety in primary care: Prevalent but untreated. Depression and Anxiety, 20(4), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chorpita, B. F., & Weisz, J. R. (2009). Modular approach to therapy for children with anxiety, depression, trauma, or conduct problems (MATCH-ADTC). PracticeWise.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Deblinger, E. (2016). Treating trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents. Guilford Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Compton, S. N., Walkup, J. T., Albano, A. M., Piacentini, J. C., Birmaher, B., Sherrill, J. T., Ginsburg, G. S., Rynn, M. A., McCracken, J. T., Waslick, B. D., Iyengar, S., Kendall, P. C., & March, J. S. (2010). Child/adolescent anxiety multimodal study (CAMS): Rationale, design, and methods. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 4(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-4-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Craig, S. L., & Austin, A. (2016). The AFFIRM open pilot feasibility study: A brief affirmative cognitive behavioral coping skills group intervention for sexual and gender minority youth. Children & Youth Services Review, 64, 136–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.02.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Los Reyes, A., & Langer, D. A. (2018). Assessment and the journal of clinical child and adolescent Psychology‘s evidence base updates series: Evaluating the tools for gathering evidence. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47(3), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2018.1458314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farley, A. M., Dantowitz, A., Seraikas, A., Fenley, A., Pincus, D. B., & the Kids FACE FEARS Study Team. (2024). Acceptability and effectiveness of therapist trainings for a multi-site, multi-region randomized controlled trial on cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth. [Manuscript in preparation].
   Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99(1), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geirhos, A., Domhardt, M., Lunkenheimer, F., Temming, S., Holl, R. W., Minden, K., Warschburger, P., Meissner, T., Mueller-Stierlin, A. S., & Baumeister, H. (2022). Feasibility and potential efficacy of a guided internet-and mobile-based CBT for adolescents and young adults with chronic medical conditions and comorbid depression or anxiety symptoms (youthCOACHCD): A randomized controlled pilot trial. BMC Pediatrics, 22(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03134-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgiadis, C., Peris, T. S., & Comer, J. S. (2020). Implementing strategic flexibility in the delivery of youth mental health care: A tailoring framework for thoughtful clinical practice. Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 5(3), 215–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/23794925.2020.1796550
   Google Scholar
• Graham-LoPresti, J. R., Abdullah, T., & Calloway, A. (2020). Culturally responsive assessment and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. In L. T. Benuto, F. R. Gonzalez, & J. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of Cultural Factors in Behavioral Health: A Guide for the Helping Professional (pp. 231–245).Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32229-8_17
   Google Scholar
• Graham-LoPresti, J. R., Gautier, S. W., Sorenson, S., & Hayes-Skelton, S. A. (2017). Culturally sensitive adaptations to evidence-based cognitive behavioral treatment for social anxiety disorder: A case paper. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 24(4), 459–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, R., Warren, C., Smith, B., Blumenstock, J., Jiang, J., Davis, M., & Nadeau, K. (2018). The public health impact of parent-reported childhood food allergies in the United States. Pediatrics, 142(6), e20181235. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-1235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hays, P. A. (2001). Addressing cultural complexities in practice: A framework for clinicians and counselors. American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Hays, P. A. (2009). Integrating evidence-based practice, cognitive–behavior therapy, and multicultural therapy: Ten steps for culturally competent practice. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 40(4), 354. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016250
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higa McMillan, C., Francis, S., Rith-Najarian, L., & Chorpita, B. (2016). Evidence base update: Fifty years of research on treatment for child and adolescent anxiety. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 49(2), 91–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1046177
   Google Scholar
• Huey, S. J., Park, A. L., Galán, C. A., & Wang, C. X. (2023). Culturally responsive cognitive behavioral therapy for ethnically diverse populations. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 51–78. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-072750
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• James, A. C., Reardon, T., Soler, A., James, G., & Creswell, C. (2020). Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013162.pub2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., Flynn, C., Moreci, P., Williamson, D., & Ryan, N. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(7), 980–988. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall, P. C., Choudhury, M., Hudson, J., & Webb, A. (2002). The C.A.T. project manual for the cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxious adolescents. Workbook Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Kendall, P. C., & Frank, H. E. (2018). Implementing evidence-based treatment protocols: Flexibility within fidelity. Clinical Psychology, 25(4), e12271. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12271
   Google Scholar
• Kendall, P. C., & Hedtke, K. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious children: Therapist manual (3rd ed.). Workbook Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Kendall, P. C., Ney, J. S., Maxwell, C. A., Lehrbach, K. R., Jakubovic, R. J., McKnight, D. S., & Friedman, A. L. (2023). Adapting CBT for youth anxiety: Flexibility, within fidelity, in different settings. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1067047. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1067047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodal, A., Fjermestad, K. W., Bjelland, I., Gjestad, R., Öst, L. G., Bjaastad, J. F., Haugland, B. S. M., Havik, O. E., Heiervang, E. R., & Wergeland, G. J. H. (2018). Predictors of long-term outcome of CBT for youth with anxiety disorders treated in community clinics. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 59, 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.08.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo, P. B., Hashtpari, H., Chea, C. J., & Tao, K. W. (2022). Centering and decentering client disclosures: A qualitative study of therapists’ responses to clients’ experiences of discrimination. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 59(4), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000453
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lau, A., Barnett, M., Stadnick, N., Saifan, D., Regan, J., Wiltsey Stirman, S., Roesch, S., & Brookman-Frazee, L. (2017). Therapist report of adaptations to delivery of evidence-based practices within a system-driven reform of publicly funded children’s mental health services. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 85(7), 664–675. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis-Fernández, R., Aggarwal, N. K., Bäärnhielm, S., Rohlof, H., Kirmayer, L. J., Weiss, M. G., Jadhav, S., Hinton, L., Alarcón, R. D., Bhugra, D., Groen, S., van Dijk, R., Qureshi, A., Collazos, F., Rousseau, C., Caballero, L., Ramos, M., & Lu, F. (2014). Culture and psychiatric evaluation: Operationalizing cultural formulation for DSM-5. Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes, 77(2), 130–154. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2014.77.2.130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metzger, I., Dandridge, A., Cohen, J., & Mannarino, A. (2023). Integrating trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) and racial socialization for traumatized black youth: An implementation manual. Allegheny Health Network.
   Google Scholar
• Metzger, I. W., Anderson, R. E., Are, F., & Ritchwood, T. (2021). Healing interpersonal and racial trauma: Integrating racial socialization into trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for African American youth. Child Maltreatment, 26(1), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559520921457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosher, D. K., Hook, J. N., Captari, L. E., Davis, D. E., DeBlaere, C., & Owen, J. (2017). Cultural humility: A therapeutic framework for engaging diverse clients. Practice Innovations, 2(4), 221. https://doi.org/10.1037/pri0000055
   Google Scholar
• Muris, P., & Field, A. P. (2008). Distorted cognition and pathological anxiety in children and adolescents. Cognition & Emotion, 22(3), 395–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701843450
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutha, S., Allen, C., & Welch, M. (2002). Toward culturally competent care: A toolbox for teaching communication strategies. Center for Health Professions, University of California.
   Google Scholar
• Park, A. L., Rith-Najarian, L. R., Saifan, D., Gellatly, R., Huey, S. J., & Chorpita, B. F. (2023). Strategies for incorporating culture into psychosocial interventions for youth of color. Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 8(2), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/23794925.2022.2025629
   Google Scholar
• Peris, T. S., Compton, S. N., Kendall, P. C., Birmaher, B., Sherrill, J., March, J., Gosch, E., Ginsburg, G., Rynn, M., McCracken, J. T., Keeton, C. P., Sakolsky, D., Suveg, C., Aschenbrand, S., Almirall, D., Iyengar, S., Walkup, J. T., Albano, A. M., & Piacentini, J. (2014). Trajectories of change in youth anxiety during cognitive—Behavior therapy. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 83(2), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piacentini, J., Bennett, S., Compton, S. N., Kendall, P. C., Birmaher, B., Albano, A. M., March, J., Sherrill, J., Sakolsky, D., Ginsburg, G., Rynn, M., Bergman, R. L., Gosch, E., Waslick, B., Iyengar, S., McCracken, J., & Walkup, J. (2014). 24- and 36-week outcomes for the child/adolescent anxiety multimodal study (CAMS). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(3), 297–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.11.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piacentini, J., Langley, A., & Roblek, T. (2007). It’s only a false alarm: A cognitive behavioral treatment program workbook. Treatments That Work.
   Google Scholar
• Racine, N., McArthur, B. A., Cooke, J. E., Eirich, R., Zhu, J., & Madigan, S. (2021). Global prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents during COVID-19: A meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 175(11), 1142–1150. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapee, R. M., Lyneham, H. J., Hudson, J. L., Wuthrich, V. M., Kangas, M., Schneiring, C., & Wigmore, A. (2020). Cool kids anxiety program (2nd ed.). Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University.
   Google Scholar
• Riehm, K., Mojtabi, R., Adams, L., Krueger, E., Mattingly, D., Nestadt, P., & Leventhal, P. (2021). Adolescents’ concerns about school violence or shootings and association with depressive, anxiety, and panic symptoms. JAMA Network Open, 4(11), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.32131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez, A. L., Comer, J. S., & LaRoche, M. (2022). Enhancing the responsiveness of family-based CBT through culturally informed case conceptualization and treatment planning. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 29(4), 750–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez, A. L., Jent, J., Aggarwal, N. K., Chavira, D., Coxe, S., Garcia, D., La Roche, M., & Comer, J. S. (2022). Person-centered cultural assessment can improve child mental health service engagement and outcomes. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 51(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2021.1981340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandeen, E., Moore, K. M., & Swanda, R. M. (2018). Reflective local practice: A pragmatic framework for improving culturally competent practice in psychology. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 49(2), 142. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000183
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• School shootings in 2022: How many and where. EducationWeek. (2023, January 27). https://www.edweek.org/leadership/school-shootings-this-year-how-many-and-where/2022/01
   Google Scholar
• Seligman, L. D., & Ollendick, T. H. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in youth. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 20(2), 217–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2011.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman, W. K., & Albano, A. M. (1996). The anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM–IV—child and parent versions. Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Social identity wheel. (n.d.). Inclusive teaching at the University of Michigan. Retrieved July 18, 2023, from https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/inclusive-teaching/social-identity-wheel/
   Google Scholar
• Swan, A. J., Kendall, P. C., Olino, T., Ginsburg, G., Keeton, C., Compton, S., Piacentini, J., Peris, T., Sakolsky, D., Birmaher, B., & Albano, A. M. (2018). Results from the child/adolescent anxiety multimodal longitudinal study (CAMELS): Functional outcomes. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 86(9), 738. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidair, H. B., Feyijinmi, G. O., & Feindler, E. L. (2017). Termination in cognitive-behavioral therapy with children, adolescents, and parents. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 54(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, M. T., Rouleau, T. M., La Torre, J. T., & Sharif, N. (2020). Cultural competency in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Practitioner guidelines. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 13, e48. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X20000501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiltsey Stirman, S., Calloway, A., Toder, K., Miller, C. J., Devito, A. K., Meisel, S. N., Xhezo, R., Evans, A. C., Beck, A. T., & Crits-Christoph, P. (2013). Community mental health provider modifications to cognitive therapy: Implications for sustainability. Psychiatric Services, 64(10), 1056–1059. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201200456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiltsey Stirman, S. W., Gamarra, J., Bartlett, B., Calloway, A., & Gutner, C. (2017). Empirical examinations of modifications and adaptations to evidence-based psychotherapies: Methodologies, impact, and future directions. Clinical Psychology, 24(4), 396–420. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12218
   Google Scholar
• Zigarelli, J. C., Jones, J. M., Palomino, C. I., & Kawamura, R. (2016). Culturally responsive cognitive behavioral therapy: Making the case for integrating cultural factors in evidence-based treatment. Clinical Case Studies, 15(6), 427–442. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534650116664984
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar