REFERENCES
- Allen, R. R. & Brown, K. L. (eds.). Developing communication competence in children. Skokie: National Textbook Co., 1976.
- Andrews, J. R. The rhetoric of coercion and persuasion: The reform bill of 1832. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 1970, 51, 187–195.
- Bales, R. F. Interaction process analysis: A method for the study of small groups. Cambridge: Addison-Wesley, 1950.
- Basset, R. E., Whittington, M., & Staton Spicer, A. The basics in speaking and listening for high school graduates: What should be assessed? Communication Education, 1978, 77, 293–303.
- Berg, D. M. Rhetoric, reality, and mass media. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 1972, 58, 255–263.
- Berger, C. R. Toward a role enactment theory of persuasion. Speech Monographs, 1972, 39, 260–276.
- Berlyne, D. E. Arousal and reinforcement. In D. Levine (ed.)., Nebraska symposium on motivation. Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, 1967.
- Blake, R. & Mouton, J. The Managerial Grid. Houston: Gulf Publishing Company, 1964.
- Bodaken, E. M. An empirical test of a role enactment model of persuasion. Human Communication Research, 1977, 2, 330–337.
- Bormann, E. G. Fantasy and rhetorical vision: The rhetorical criticism of social reality. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 1972, 58, 396–407.
- Buchi, R. D. & Pearce, W. B. Coalition and communication. Human Communication Research, 1975, 1, 213–221.
- Burgoon, M. Amount of conflicting information in a group discussion and tolerance for ambiguity as predictors of task attractiveness. Speech Monographs, 1971, 38, 121–124.
- Burgoon, M. Approaching Speech/communication. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. 1974, 36–43.
- Bums, T. The directions of activities and communication in a departmental executive group. Human Relations, 1954, 7, 73–97.
- Campbell, J.P. & Pritchard, R. D. Motivation theory in industrial and organizational psychology. In M.D. Dunnette (ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1976.
- Cartwright, D. & Zander, A (eds.). Group dynamics: Research and theory, 3rd edition. New York: Harper and Row, 1968.
- Conrath, D. Communications environment and its relationship to organizational structure, Management Science, 1973, 20, 586–603.
- Cummings, H. W., Long, L. W., & Lewis, M. L. Organizational communication management. Dubuque, Iowa: Gorsuch-Scarisbrick Publishers, in press.
- Cummings, T. G. & Bigelow, J. Satisfaction, job involvement and intrinsic motivation: An extension of Lawler and Hall's factor analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1976, 61, 523–525.
- Daly, J. & McCroskey, J. Occupational choice and desirability as a function of communication apprehension. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1975, 22, 309–313.
- Dance, F.E. X. Progegomena to a primitive theory of human communication in human organizations. The Southern Speech Communication Journal, 1979, 65, 238–243.
- Darnell, D. K. Some basics to get to: A transactional perspective on teaching-learning. Communication Education, 1978, 27, 277–285.
- Deci, E. L. Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic refinement, and inequity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1972, 25, 113–120.
- Delia, J. G. Dialects and the effects of stereotypes on interpersonal attraction and cognitive processes in impression formation. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 1972, 58, 285–297.
- Donahoe, J. W. Some implications of a relational principle of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1977, 27, 341–350.
- DuBrin, A. J. Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective, 2nd edition. New York: Pergamon Press Inc., 1978.
- Dunham, P. The nature of reinforcing stimuli. In W. K. Honig and J.E.R. Staddon (eds.), Handbook of operant behavior. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1977, 98–124.
- Falcione, R. L. Communication climate and satisfaction with immediate supervision. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 1974, 2, 13–20.
- Fiedler, F. E. A theory of leadership effectiveness. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967.
- Fisher, B. A. Decision emergence: Phases in group decision-making. Speech Monographs, 1970, 37, 53–66.
- Fisher, B. A. Small group decision making: Communication and the group process. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974.
- Gellerman, S.W. Motivation and productivity. New York: American Management, 1963.
- Gibson, J. L., Ivancevich, J. M., & Donnelly, J. H. Organizations, revised edition. Dallas, Texas: Business Publication, Inc., 1976.
- Goldhaber, G. M. & Richetto, G. A communication audit of Wichita State University. Unpublished manuscript, Wichita, 1977.
- Goldhaber, G. M., Yates, M. P., Porter, D. T., & Lesniak R. Organizational communication: 1978. Human Communication Research, 1978, 5, 76–96.
- Gouran, D. S. & Baird, J. E. An analysis of distributional and sequential structure in problem-solving and informal group discussion. Speech Monographs, 1972, 39, 16–22.
- Graen, G. Role-making processes within complex organizations. In M.D. Dunnette (ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1976.
- Guetzkow, H. Differentiation of roles In task-oriented groups. In D. Cartwright and A. Zander (eds.), Group dynamics: Research and theory, 2nd edition. Evanston: Row, Peterson, 1960, 683–704.
- Guzzo, R. A. Types of rewards, cognitive and work motivation. Academy of Management Review, 1979, 4, 75–86.
- Hackman, J. R. & Oldham, G.R. Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 1976, 16, 250–279.
- Hall, R. H. Organizations, structures and process, 2nd edition. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1978.
- Hammer, W. C. & Hammer, E. P. Behavior modification on the bottom line. Organizational Dynamics, 1976. 4, 2–21.
- Hare, A. P. Handbook of Small Group Research, 2nd ed. New York: Free Press, 1976.
- Hawes, L. C. & Smith, D. H. A critique of assumptions underlying the study of communication in conflict. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 1973, 59, 423–435.
- Herzberg, F. One more time: how do you motivate employees? Harvard Business Review, January- February, 1968, 56, 56–57.
- Herzberg, F., Mausnew, B., & Block-Snyderman, D. The motivation to work, 2nd edition. New York: Wiley, 1959.
- Hilgard, E. R. & Atkinson, R. C. Introduction to psychology, 4th edition. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc., 1967.
- Hiller, E. T. Social relations and structure. New York: Harper, 1947.
- Hinrichs, J. Communication activity of industrial research personnel. Personnel Psychology, 1964, 17, 193–204.
- House, J. S. The relationship of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to occupational stress and coronary heart disease risk. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Michigan, 1972.
- Jones, S. C., Barnlund, D. C., & Haiman, F. S. The dynamics of discussion, 2nd edition. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin Company, 1980.
- Katz, D. & Kahn, R. L. The social psychology of organizations, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1978.
- Khandwall, P. N. The design of organizations. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Jovanovich, 1977.
- Krivonos, P. D. The relationship of intrinsic-extrinsic motivation and communication climate in organizations. The Journal of Business Communication, 15, 4, 1978, 53–65.
- Koch, S. Behavior as intrinsically regulated: Work notes toward a pre-theory of phenomena called “motivation.” In M. R. Jones (ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, 1956.
- Lashbrook, W. B. PROANA5: A computerized technique for the analysis of small group interaction. Report 3–67, Speech Communication Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 1967.
- Lahiff, J. M. Motivators, hygiene factors and emphathic communication. The Journal of Business Communication, 1976, 13, 15–24.
- Larson, C., Backlund, P., Redmond, M., & Barbour, A. Assessing functional communication. Urbana, IL: ERIC Clearinghouse. 1978.
- Lawler, E. E. Pay and organizational effectiveness: A psychological view. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971.
- Laurence, P. R. and Lorsch, J. W. Organization and environment. Boston: Harvard University Press, 1967.
- Lepper, M. R. & Greene, D. On understanding “overjustification”: A reply to Reiss and Sushinsky. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1976, 33, 25–35.
- Lewin, K. Field theory in social science. New York: Harper and Row, 1951.
- Lewis, M. L., Cummings, H. W., & Long, L. W. Communication in organizations: A functional perspective with research priorities for the 1980's. A paper presented at the Speech Communication Association Convention, San Antonio, 1979.
- Lewis, M. L., Cummings, H. W., & Long, L. W. Communication roles as indicators or management preference: An integrative approach to the study of communication in organizations. A paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Acapulco, 1980.
- Likert, R. The human organization. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967.
- Linton, R. The study of man. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1973.
- Long, L. W. An exploratory study of communication roles as predictors of job satisfaction and management preference. An unpublished dissertation, University of Oklahoma, 1979.
- Luthans, F. Organizational behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1973.
- Maslow, A. H. A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 1943, 6, 370–396.
- Maslow, A. H. Motivation and personality. New York: Harper and Row, 1954.
- McDougall, W. An introduction to social psychology. London: Methuen and Company, 1908.
- Mawhinney, T. C. Intrinsic X extrinsic work motivation: Perspectives from behaviorism. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 1979, 24, 411–440.
- Mead, G. H. Thought, communication and the significant symbols. In C. Morris (Ed.), Mind, self and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1934, 68–75.
- Merton, R. K. Social theory and Social Structure, Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1957.
- Mortensen, C. C. & Sereno, K. K. Foundations of communication theory. New York: Harper and Row, 1970.
- Newcomb, T. R. Social psychology. New York: Dryden, 1951.
- Nunnally, J. C., Jr. Psychometric theory, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967.
- Parsons, T. The social system. New York: Free Press, 1951.
- Parsons, T. Structure and process in modern societies. New York: Free Press, 1960.
- Parsons, T. Societies. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1966.
- Patton, R. T. Interrelationship of organizational leadership style, tyhpe of work, and organizational climate with extrinsic and intrinsic motivation developed within the organization. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Washington, 1969.
- Pearce, W. B. & Brommel, B. J. Vocalic communication in persuasion. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 1972, 58, 298–306.
- Porter, L. W. & Lawler, E. E. Managerial attitudes and performance. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press, 1968.
- Premack, D. Catching up with common sense or two sides of a generalization: Reinforcement and punishment. In R. Glaser (ed.), The nature of reinforcement, New York: Academic Press, 1971, 121–150.
- Redding, W. C. Organizational communication theory and ideology: an overview. In D. Nimmo (Ed.), Communication Yearbook 3. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction-International Communication Association, 1979, 309–342.
- Richetto, G. Source credibility and personal influence in three contexts: A study of dyadic communication in a complex aerospace organization. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University, 1969.
- Rommeveit, R. Social norms and roles: Exploration in the psychology of enduring social pressure. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1955.
- Rosen, S. Post-decision affinity for incompatible information. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1961, 63, 188–190.
- Rosenthal, P. I. Specificity, verifiability and message credibility. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 1971, 52, 393–401.
- Rubin, R. B. The role of context in information seeking and impression information. Communication Monographs, 1977, 44, 81–90.
- Rush, H.M.F. Job design for motivation. Conference board report no. 515. New York: The Conference Board, Inc., 1971.
- Sadler, W. Communications in organizations: An exploratory study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Wiscosin, 1974.
- Sarbin, T. R. & Allen, V.L. Role theory. In G. Lindzey and E. Aronson (eds.). The handbook of social psychology, 2nd edition, Vol III. Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1969.
- Scott, M., McCroskey, J., & Sheahan, M. Measuring Communication apprehension. Journal of Communication, 1978, 28, 104–111.
- Scott, R. L. & Smith, D. K. The rhetoric of confrontation. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 1969, 50, 1–8.
- Simons, H. W. Psychological theories of persuasion: An auditor's report. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 1971, 52, 383–392.
- Skinner, B. F., Walden II. New York: Macmillan, 1948.
- Skinner, B. F., Beyond freedom and dignity. New York: Knopf, 1971.
- Smith, P. C. & Cranny, C. J. Psychology of men at work. Annual Review of Psychology, 1968, 19, 469–483.
- Stech, E. L. Analysis of interaction structure in the discussion of a ranking task. Speech Monographs, 1970, 37, 248–263.
- Stogdill, R. M. Leadership, membership and organization. Psychological Bulletin, 1950, 47, 1–14.
- Vroom, V. H. Work and motivation. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1964.
- Warwick, D. P. A theory of public bureaucracy. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, 1975.
- Wheeless, L. P. An investigaion of receiver apprehension and social context dimensions of communication apprehension. Speech Teacher, 1975, 14, 261–268.
- Wilder, L. & Harvey, D. J. Overt and covert verbalization in problem solving. Speech Monographs, 1971, 37, 171–177.