3
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Section 6. Public Opinion and Agenda-Setting

Communication Perspectives in Public Opinion: Traditions and Innovations

Pages 502-533 | Published online: 18 May 2016

References

  • Allport, F. (1937). Toward a science of public opinion. Public Opinion Quarterly, I, 7–23.
  • Asch, S. (1953). Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgements. In D, Cartwright & A. Zander (Eds.), Group dynamics: Research and theory (pp. 151–162). Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson & Camp.
  • Atwood, L. E., Sohn, A. B., & Sohn, H. (1978). Daily newspaper contributions to community discussion. Journalism Quarterly, 55, 570–576.
  • Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (1985). The origins of individual media-system dependency: A sociological framework. Communication Research, 12, 485–510.
  • Ball-Rokeach, S. J., & DeFleur, M. (1976). A dependency model of mass media effects. Communication Research, J, 3–21.
  • Becker, L. B., & Whitney, D. C. (1980). Effects of media dependencies: Audience assessment of government. Communication Research, 7, 95–121.
  • Benton, M., & Frazier, J. P. (1976). The agenda-setting function of the mass media at three levels of “information-holding.” Communication Research, 3, 261–274.
  • Blumer, H. (1971). Social problems as collective behavior. Social Problems, 18, 298–306.
  • Bogart, L. (1972). Silent politics: Polls and the awareness of public opinion. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  • Boorstin, D. (1971a). Democracy audits discontents. New York: Vintage.
  • Boorstin, D. (1971 b). The image: A guide topseudo events in America. New York: Altheneum.
  • Bowes, J., & Stamm, K. S. (1975). Evaluating communication with public agencies. Public Relations Review, I, 23–28.
  • Breed, W., & Kitsanes, T. (1961). Pluralistic ignorance in the process of opinion formation. Public Opinion Quarterly, 25, 382–392.
  • Carter, R. F. (1962). Some effects of the debates. In S. Kraus (Ed.), The great debates. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Carter, R. F. (1965). Communication and affective relations. Journalism Quarterly, 42, 203–212.
  • Carter, R. F. (1978). A very peculiar horserace. In G. Bishop, R. Meadow, & M. Jackson-Beeck (Eds.), The presidential debates: Media, electoral and policy perspectives. New York: Praeger.
  • Chaffee, S. H., & Hocheimer, J. L. (1985). The beginnings of political communication research in the United States: Origins of the “limited effects model.” In M. Gurevitch & M. R. Levy (Eds.), Mass communication review yearbook 5. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Converse, P. E. (1964). The nature of belief systems in mass publics. International Yearbook of Political Behavior Research, 5, 206–262.
  • Cook, F. L., Tyler, T. R., Goetz, E. G., Gordon, M. T., Protess, D., Leff, D. R., & Molotch, H. L. (1983). Media and agenda setting: Effects on the public, interest group leaders, policy makers, and policy. Public Opinion Quarterly, 47, 16–35.
  • Davison, W. P. (1958). The public opinion process. Public Opinion Quarterly, 22, 91–106.
  • Davison, W. P. (1983). The third-person effect in communication. Public Opinion Quarterly, 47, 1–15.
  • Donohue, G., Tichenor, P. J., & Olien, C. N. (1982). Gatekeeping: Mass media systems and information control. In F. G. Kline & P. Clark (Eds.), Current perspectives in mass communication research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Donsbach, W., & Stevenson, R. L. (1984, May). Challenges, problems, and empirical evidence of the theory of the spiral of silence. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, San Francisco.
  • Edelstein, A. (1973). Decision-making and mass communication: A conceptual and methodological approach to public opinion. In P, Clarke (Ed.), New models for communication research (Vol. 2). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Edelstein, A. (1980). Continuing the search for validity in public opinion about social problems and social decision making. In H. Baier, H. M. Kepplinger, & K. Reumann (Eds.), Public opinion and social change. Frankfurt: Westdeutscher Verlag.
  • Edelstein, A. (1981). A problem oriented reconceptualization of public opinion. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 6, 97–117.
  • Edelstein, A. (1983). Konzept fur eine vergleichende kommunikations foreschung: Eine kritsche perspecktive. Rundfunkund Fernsehen, 1, 12–23.
  • Edelstein, A. (1985). Problematic situations and mass communication: A comparative analysis of public opinion. In H. Bortis & L. Bosshart (Eds.), Technological change in economy and society. Freiburg, Switzerland: Universitatsverlag Freiburg.
  • Edelstein, A., Ito, Y., & Kepplinger, H. M. (1988). International communication and comparative behavior. Unpublished manuscript.
  • Fields, J. M., & Schuman, H. (1976). Public beliefs about the beliefs of the public. Public Opinion Quarterly, 40, 427–448.
  • Gallup, G. (1980). Polling: The state of the art. In Ethics, morality, and the media: Reflections on American culture. New York: Hastings House.
  • Galtung, J., & Ruge, M. H. (1965). The structure of foreign news: The presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus crisis in four Norwegian newspapers. Journal of International Peace Research, 1, 64–90.
  • Gerbner, G. (1977). Comparative cultural indicators. In G. Gerbner(Ed.), Mass media policies in changing cultures. New York: John Wiley.
  • Gerbner, G.,&Gross, L.( 1976). Living with television. Joumalof Communication, 26, 173–199.
  • Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Beeck, M. J., Jeffries-Fox, S., & Signorielli, N. (1978). Cultural indicators: Violence profile No. II. Journal of Communication, 28, 176–207.
  • Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1980). The mainstreaming of America: Violence profile 11. Journal of Communication, 30, 10–29.
  • Glynn, C. J. (1984a). Alternative concepts of public opinion. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, Delevan, WI.
  • Glynn, C. J. (1984b). The communication of public opinion. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Norman, OK.
  • Glynn, C. J. (1985, May). Mass communication and the development of “normative opinions.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Honolulu.
  • Glynn, C. J. (1986). Perceptions of others’ opinions as a component of public opinion. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association of Public Opinion Research.
  • Glynn, C. J. & McLeod, J. (1981). Implications ofthe spiral of silence theory for communication and public opinion research. In D. D. Nimmo& K. R. Sanders (Eds.), Handbook of political communication. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Communication Perspectives in Public Opinion
  • Glynn, C. J., & McLeod, J. (1982). Public opinion, communication processes, and voting decisions. In M. Burgoon (Ed.), Communication yearbook 6. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Glynn, C. J., & McLeod, J. (1984). Public opinion du jure: Its impact on communication and voting behavior. Public Opinion Quarterly, 48, 731–740.
  • Glynn, C. J., & McLeod, J. (1985a). Public opinion about public opinion. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, McAfee, NJ.
  • Glynn, C. J., & McLeod, J. (1985b). The spiral of silence ten years later: An examination and evaluation. In Political communication yearbook 2. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Grunig, J. E., & Stamm, K. R. (1971). Communication and coorientation of collectives. American Behavioral Scientist, 16, 567–593.
  • Hart, H. (1981). People’s perceptions of public opinions. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology.
  • James, B. A. (1983). Radical humanist perspective for communication inquiry. In R. N. Bostrom (Ed.), Communication yearbook 7 (pp. 858–866). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Katz, E. (1966). Attitude formation and public opinion. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 367, 150–162.
  • Katz, E. (1981). Publicity and pluralistic ignorance: Notes on the “spiral of silence.” In H. Baier& H. Kepplinger (Eds.), Public opinion and social change. Opladen, Germany: Westdeutscher Verlag.
  • Kielbowicz, R. B., & Scherer, C. (1986). The role of the press in the dynamics of social movements. In G. Lang & K. Lang (Eds.), Research in social movements, conflicts and change. Greenwich, CT: JAI.
  • Kohut, A. (1986). Is there a crisis of confidence? Rating the polls: The views of media elites and the general public. Public Opinion Quarterly, 50, 1–9.
  • Lang, G., & Lang, K. (1983). The battle for public opinion. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Lang, K., & Lang, G. (1962). Reactions of viewers. In S. Kraus (Ed.), The great debates. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Lemert, J. (1981). Does mass communication change public opinion, after all? Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
  • Lippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York: Harcourt Brace.
  • MacKuen, M. G. (1981). Social communication and the mass policy agenda. In M. B. MacKuen & S. L. Coombs (Eds.), Political communication. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • McCombs, M. E. (1981). The agenda-setting approach. In D. D. Nimmo & K. R. Sanders (Eds.), Handbook of political communication. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Merten, L. (1984). Some silence in the spiral of silence. In K. R. Sanders, L. L. Kaid, & D. D. Nimmo (Eds.), Political communication yearbook 1. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Miller, A., & MacKuen, M. G. (1979). Learning about the candidates: The 1976 presidential debates. Public Opinion Quarterly, 43, 326–346.
  • Miller, M. M., & Reese, S. D. (1982). Media dependency as interaction: Effects of exposure and reliance on political activity and efficacy. Communication Research, 9, 227–248.
  • Mitchell, R. C. (1980). Polling on nuclear power: A critique of the polls after Three-Mile Island. In A. H. Cantril (Ed.), Polling on the issues. Cabin John, MD: Seven Locks.
  • Nimmo, D. D., & Sanders, K. (Eds.). (1981). Handbook of political communication. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Noelle-Neumann, E. (1973). Return to the concept of powerful mass media. Studies of Broadcasting, 9, 67–112.
  • Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974). The spiral of silence: A theory of public opinion. Journal of Communication, 24, 43–51.
  • Noelle-Neumann, E. (1976). Mass media and the climate of opinion. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Association for Mass Communication Research, University of Leicester, England.
  • Noelle-Neumann, E. (1977). Turbulences in the climate of opinion: Methodological applications of the spiral of silence theory. Public Opinion Quarterly, 41, 143–158.
  • Noelle-Neumann, E. (1979). Public opinion and the classical tradition: A re-evaluation. Public Opinion Quarterly, 43, 143–156.
  • Noelle-Neumann, E. (1980). Public opinion polls and democratic theory: The role of opinion polls in a democratic system. Paper submitted to the Seminar Sobre Inquestas Electorales, Informacion y Comportamiento Electoral, Madrid.
  • Noelle-Neumann, E. (1984a). The spiral of silence: A response. In K. R. Sanders, L. L. Kaid, & D. D. Nimmo (Eds.), Political communication yearbook 1 (pp. 66–94). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Noelle-Neumann, E. (1984b). The spiral of silence: Public opinion, our social skin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Noelle-Neumann, E.,& Kepplinger, H. M. (1978). Communication in the community: A report on the German section of an international research project. Institut fur Publizistik de Universitat Mainz, Germany.
  • O’Gorman, H. J. (1975). Pluralistric ignorance and white estimates of white support for racial segregation. Public Opinion Quarterly, 39, 313–330.
  • O’Gorman, H. J. (1979). White and black perceptions of racial values. Public Opinion Quarterly, 43, 48–59.
  • O’Gorman, H. J. (1980). False consciousness of kind: Pluralistic ignorance among the aged. Research on Aging, 2, 105–128.
  • O’Gorman, H. J., & Garry, S. L. (1976). Pluralistic ignorance: A replication and extension. Public Opinion Quarterly, 40, 449–458.
  • Paletz, D. L., & Entman, R. M. (1981). Media, power, politics. New York: Free Press.
  • Palmgreen, P., Kline, F. G.,& Clarke, P. (1974, May). Message discrimination and information-holding about political affairs: A comparison of local and national news. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, New Orleans.
  • Reeves, B., Chaffee, S., & Tims, A. (1982). Social cognition and mass communication research. In F. Poloff&C. Berger(Eds.), Social cognition and communication. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Richman, A. (1979). The polls: Public attitudes toward the energy crisis. Public Opinion Quarterly, 43, 576–585.
  • Roper, B. W. (1986). Evaluating polls with poll data. Public Opinion Quarterly, 50, 10–16.
  • Ross, R., & Staines, G. L. (1972). The politics of analyzing social problems. Social Problems, 20, 18–40.
  • Salmon, C. T., & Kline, F. G. (1984). The spiral of silence ten years later: An examination and evaluation. In K. A. Sanders, L. L. Kaid, & D. D. Nimmo (Eds.), Political communication yearbook 1 (pp. 3–31). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Schleifer, S. (1986). Trends in attitudes toward and participation in survey research. Public Opinion Quarterly, 50, 17–26.
  • Schoenfeld, A. C., Meier, R. F., & Griffin, R. J. (1979). Constructing a social problem: The press and the environment. Social Problems, 27, 38–61.
  • Schuman, H. (1979). The open and closed question. American Sociological Review, 44, 692–712.
  • Schuman, H. (1986). Ordinary questions, survey questions and policy questions. Public Opinion Quarterly, 50, 422–442.
  • Schuman, H., & Presser, H. (1981). Questions and answers in attitude surveys. New York: Academic Press.
  • Spector, M., & Kitsuse, J. I. (1973). Social problems: A re-formulation. Social Problems, 21, 145–159.
  • Spector, M., & Kitsuse, J. I. (1977). Constructing Social Problems. Menlo Park, CA: Cummings.
  • Stamm, K. (1985). Effects of the Bushj Ferraro debate on candidate characterization. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism, Gainesville, FL.
  • Stamm, K., Bowes, J., & Bowes, B. (1973). Generation gap as a communication problem: A co-orientational analysis. Journalism Quarterly, 50, 629–637.
  • Stamm, K., & Grunig, J. (1977). Communication situations and cognitive strategies in resolving environmental issues. Journalism Quarterly, 54, 713–720.
  • Swanson, D. L. (1981). A constructivist approach. In D. D. Nimmo & K. R. Sanders (Eds.), Handbook of political communication. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Taylor, D. G. (1982). Pluralistic ignorance and the spiral of silence: A formal analysis. Public Opinion Quarterly, 46, 311–335.
  • Theberge, L. J. (1982). TV coverage of the oil crises: How well was the public served? Vol. I. A qualitative analysis. Washington, DC: Media Institute.
  • Thurstone, L. L., & Chave, E. J. (1929). The measurement of altitude. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Tichenor, P. J., & Wackman, D. B. (1973). Mass media and community public opinion. American Behavioral Scientist, 16, 593–606.
  • Verba, S., Brody, R. A., Parker, E. B., Nie, N. H., Polsby, N. W., Ekman, P., & Black, G. S. (1967). Public opinion and the war in Vietnam. American Political Science Review, 61, 317–333.
  • Weaver, D. (1980). Audience need for orientation and media effects. Communication Research, 7, 361–376.
  • Weaver, D. (1984). Media agenda-setting and public opinion: Is there a link? In R. N. Bostrom (Ed.), Communication yearbook, 8. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Zygmunt, J. F. (1986). Collective behavior as a phase of societal life: Blumer’s emergent views and their implications. In G. Lang & K. Lang (Eds.), Research in social movements, conflict and change. Greenwich, CT: JAI.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.