Physical activity and quality of life after colorectal cancer: overview of evidence and future directions

References

• International Agency for Research on Cancer. GLOBOCAN 2012: estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012 [Internet]. 2015. [cited 2015 Oct 31]. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr/Pages/fact_sheets_population.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner H, Bouvier AM, Foschi R, et al. Progress in colorectal cancer survival in Europe from the late 1980s to the early 21st century: the EUROCARE study. Int J Cancer. 2012;131(7):1649–1658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Cancer incidence projections: Australia, 2011 to 2020. Canberra: AIHW;2012. Contract No.: Cat. no. CAN 62.
   Google Scholar
• Siegel R, DeSantis C, Virgo K, et al. Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012;62(4):220–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Voort van Zijp J, Hoekstra HJ, Basson MD. Evolving management of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14(25):3956–3967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parry C, Kent EE, Mariotto AB, et al. Cancer survivors: a booming population. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers Prevention. 2011;20(10):1996–2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leigh S, Logan C. The cancer survivorship movement. Cancer Invest. 1991;9(5):571–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demark-Wahnefried W, Jones LW. Promoting a healthy lifestyle among cancer survivors. Hematology-Oncology Clinics North America. 2008;22(2):319–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demark-Wahnefried W, Pinto BM, Gritz ER. Promoting health and physical function among cancer survivors: potential for prevention and questions that remain. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(32):5125–5131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell L, Gough K, Drosdowsky A, et al. Psychological distress, quality of life, symptoms and unmet needs of colorectal cancer survivors near the end of treatment. J Cancer Survivorship. 2015;9(3):462–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch BM, Steginga SK, Hawkes AL, et al. Describing and predicting psychological distress after colorectal cancer. Cancer. 2008;112(6):1363–1370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen L, Koch L, Brenner H, et al. Quality of life among long-term (>/=5 years) colorectal cancer survivors: systematic review. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46(16):2879–2888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorgensen ML, Young JM, Solomon MJ. Optimal delivery of colorectal cancer follow-up care: improving patient outcomes. Patient Relat Outcome Meas. 2015;6:127–138.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vissers PA, Thong MS, Pouwer F, et al. The impact of comorbidity on Health-Related Quality of Life among cancer survivors: analyses of data from the PROFILES registry. J Cancer Survivorship. 2013;7(4):602–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon LG, Beesley VL, Lynch BM, et al. The return to work experiences of middle-aged Australian workers diagnosed with colorectal cancer: a matched cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):963.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen PB, Jim HS. Consideration of quality of life in cancer survivorship research. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers Prevention. 2011;20(10):2035–2041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra SI, Scherer RW, Snyder C, et al. Are exercise programs effective for improving health-related quality of life among cancer survivors? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncology Nursing Forum. 2014;41(6):E326–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The WHOQOL Group. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): development and psychometric properties.. Soc Sci Med. 1998;46:1569–1585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(10):1403–1409. 1982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measuring healthy days: population assessment of health-related quality of life. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Rock CL, Doyle C, Demark-Wahnefried W, et al. Nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors. Ca-A Cancer J Clinicians. 2012;62(4):243–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitz KH, Coumeya KS, Matthews C, et al. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable on exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(7):1409–1426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Herrmann SD, et al. 2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: a second update of codes and MET values. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(8):1575–1581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Des Guetz G, Uzzan B, Bouillet T, et al. Impact of physical activity on cancer-specific and overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:340851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrer RA, Huedo-Medina TB, Johnson BT, et al. Exercise interventions for cancer survivors: a meta-analysis of quality of life outcomes. Ann Behavorial Med. 2011;41(1):32–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Blarigan EL, Meyerhardt JA. Role of physical activity and diet after colorectal cancer diagnosis. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(16):1825–1834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkes AL, Lynch BM, Owen N, et al. Lifestyle factors associated concurrently and prospectively with co-morbid cardiovascular disease in a population-based cohort of colorectal cancer survivors. Eur J Cancer. 2011;47:267–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buffart LM, Thong MS, Schep G, et al. Self-reported physical activity: its correlates and relationship with health-related quality of life in a large cohort of colorectal cancer survivors. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courneya KS, Friedenreich CM. Relationship between exercise pattern across the cancer experience and current quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors. J Altern Complement Med. 1997;3(3):215–226.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Courneya KS, Friedenreich CM, Arthur K, et al. Physical exercise and quality of life in postsurgical colorectal cancer patients. Psychol Health Med. 1999;4(2):181–187.
   Google Scholar
• Grimmett C, Bridgewater J, Steptoe A, et al. Lifestyle and quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors. Qual Life Res. 2011;20(8):1237–1245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husson O, Mols F, Ezendam NP, et al. Health-related quality of life is associated with physical activity levels among colorectal cancer survivors: a longitudinal, 3-year study of the PROFILES registry. J Cancer Survivorship. 2015;9(3):472–480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husson O, Mols F, van de Poll-Franse LV, et al. The course of fatigue and its correlates in colorectal cancer survivors: a prospective cohort study of the PROFILES registry. Support Care Cancer. 2015;23(11):3361–3371.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson BL, Trentham-Dietz A, Koltyn KF, et al. Physical activity and function in older, long-term colorectal cancer survivors. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20(5):775–784.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thraen-Borowski KM, Trentham-Dietz A, Edwards DF, et al. Dose-response relationships between physical activity, social participation, and health-related quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors. J Cancer Survivorship. 2013;7(3):369–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis C, Xun P, He K. Physical activity in relation to quality of life in newly diagnosed colon cancer patients: a 24-month follow-up. Qual Life Res. 2014;23(8):2235–2246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch BM, Cerin E, Owen N, et al. Prospective relationships of physical activity with quality of life among colorectal cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(27):4480–4487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peddle CJ, Au HJ, Courneya KS. Associations between exercise, quality of life, and fatigue in colorectal cancer survivors. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;51(8):1242–1248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlesinger S, Walter J, Hampe J, et al. Lifestyle factors and health-related quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors. Cancer Causes Control. 2014;25(1):99–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallance JK, Boyle T, Courneya KS, et al. Associations of objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary time with health-related quality of life among colon cancer survivors. Cancer. 2014;120(18):2919–2926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallance JK, Boyle T, Courneya KS, et al. Accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary time among colon cancer survivors: associations with psychological health outcomes. J Cancer Survivorship. 2015;9(3):404–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Roekel EH, Bours MJL, Breedveld-Peters JJL, et al. Light physical activity is associated with quality of life after colorectal cancer. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(12):2493–2503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pols MA, Peeters PH, Ocke MC, et al. Estimation of reproducibility and relative validity of the questions included in the EPIC Physical Activity Questionnaire. Int J Epidemiol. 1997;26(Suppl 1):S181–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godin G, Shephard R. A simple method to assess exercise behaviour in the community. J Appl Sport Sci. 1985;10:141–146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stewart AL, Mills KM, King AC, et al. CHAMPS physical activity questionnaire for older adults: outcomes for interventions. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(7):1126–1141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Australian Institute of H, Welfare. The Active Australia Survey: a guide and manual for implementation, analysis and reporting. Canberra: AIHW; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Wendel-Vos GC, Schuit AJ, Saris WH, et al. Reproducibility and relative validity of the short questionnaire to assess health-enhancing physical activity. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56(12):1163–1169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littman AJ, White E, Kristal AR, et al. Assessment of a one-page questionnaire on long-term recreational physical activity. Epidemiology. 2004;15(1):105–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr., Raczek AE, et al. 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Medical Care. 1993;31(3):247–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resnick B, Nahm ES. Reliability and validity testing of the revised 12-item Short-Form Health Survey in older adults. J Nurs Meas. 2001;9(2):151–161.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ward WL, Hahn EA, Mo F, et al. Reliability and validity of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Colorectal (FACT-C) quality of life instrument. Qual Life. 1999;8:181–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, Bergman B, et al. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993;85(5):365–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michielsen HJ, De Vries J, van Heck GL. Psychometric qualities of a brief self-rated fatigue measure: the Fatigue Assessment Scale. J Psychosom Res. 2003;54(4):345–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cella D. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An) Scale: a new tool for the assessment of outcomes in cancer anemia and fatigue. Semin Hematol. 1997;34(3 Suppl 2):13–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vercoulen JH, Swanink CM, Fennis JF, et al. Dimensional assessment of chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res. 1994;38(5):383–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67(6):361–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spielberger C, Gorsuch R, Lushene R, et al. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto (CA): Consulting Psychologists Press; 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Diener D, Emmons R, Larsen R, et al. The Satisfaction with Life Scale. J Pers Assess. 1985;49:71–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Measuring Health and Disability: Manual for WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Speed-Andrews AE, Rhodes RE, Blanchard CM, et al. Medical, demographic and social cognitive correlates of physical activity in a population-based sample of colorectal cancer survivors. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2012;21(2):187–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Putten M, Husson O, Mols F, et al. Correlates of physical activity among colorectal cancer survivors: results from the longitudinal population-based profiles registry. Support Care Cancer. 2015. [Epub ahead of print].
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peddle CJ, Plotnikoff RC, Wild TC, et al. Medical, demographic, and psychosocial correlates of exercise in colorectal cancer survivors: an application of self-determination theory. Support Care Cancer. 2008;16(1):9–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramer H, Lauche R, Klose P, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise interventions for colorectal cancer patients. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2013;23(1):3–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourke L, Homer K, Thaha M, et al. Interventions to improve exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer: a systematic review. Br J Cancer. 2014;110:831–841.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courneya K, Friedenreich C, Quinney H, et al. A randomized trial of exercise and quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2003;12(4):347–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto B, Papandonatos G, Goldstein M, et al. Home-based physical activity intervention for colorectal cancer survivors. Psychooncology. 2013;22(1):54–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillis C, Li C, Lee L, et al. Prehabilitation versus rehabilitation: a randomized control trial in patients undergoing colorectal resection for cancer. Anesthesiology. 2014;121(5):937–947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkes AL, Chambers SK, Pakenham KI, et al. Effects of a telephone-delivered multiple health behavior change intervention (CanChange) on health and behavioral outcomes in survivors of colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(18):2313–2321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkes AL, Pakenham KI, Chambers S, et al. Effects of a multiple health behavior change intervention for colorectal cancer survivors on psychosocial outcomes and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Behav Med. 2014;48(3):359–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones L, Eves N, Peddle C, et al. Effects of presurgical exercise training on systemic inflammatory markers among patients with malignant lung lesions. Appl Physiol Nutr Metabolism. 2009;34(2):197–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho J, Lee A, Macfarlane D, et al. Study protocol for “Moving Bright, Eating Smart”: A phase 2 clinical trial on the acceptability and feasibility of a diet and physical activity intervention to prevent recurrence in colorectal cancer survivors. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courneya KS, Booth CM, Gill S, et al. The Colon Health and Life-Long Exercise Change trial: a randomized trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Curr Oncol. 2008;15(6):262–270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cella DF, Tulsky DS, Gray G, et al. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scale: development and validation of the general measure. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11(3):570–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedentary Behaviour Research Network. Letter to the Editor: standardized use of the terms “sedentary” and “sedentary behaviours”. Appl Physiol Nutr Metabolism. 2012;37:540–542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen N. Sedentary behavior: understanding and influencing adults’ prolonged sitting time. Prev Med. 2012;55(6):535–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunstan DW, Howard BV, Healy GN, et al. Too much sitting: a health hazard. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012;97(3):368–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arem H, Pfeiffer RM, Engels EA, et al. Pre- and postdiagnosis physical activity, television viewing, and mortality among patients with colorectal cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(2):180–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell PT, Patel AV, Newton C, et al. Associations of recreational physical activity and leisure time spent sitting with colorectal cancer survival. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(7):876–885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijndaele K, Lynch BM, Owen N, et al. Television viewing time and weight gain in colorectal cancer survivors: a prospective population-based study. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20(8):1355–1362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch BM, Cerin E, Owen N, et al. Television viewing time of colorectal cancer survivors is associated prospectively with quality of life. Cancer Causes Control. 2011;22(8):1111–1120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teychenne M, Ball K, Salmon J. Sedentary behavior and depression among adults: a review. Int J Behav Med. 2010;17(4):246–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berendsen BA, Hendriks MR, Meijer K, et al. Which activity monitor to use? Validity, reproducibility and user friendliness of three activity monitors. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch BM, Neilson HK, Friedenreich CM. Physical activity and breast cancer prevention, In: KS Courneya, CM Friedenreich, editors. Physical activity and cancer. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Healy GN, Matthews CE, Dunstan DW, et al. Sedentary time and cardio-metabolic biomarkers in US adults: NHANES 2003-06. Euro Heart J. 2011;32(5):590–597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healy GN, Winkler EA, Owen N, et al. Replacing sitting time with standing or stepping: associations with cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers. Euro Heart J. 2015;36(39):2643–2649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healy GN, Clark BK, Winkler EAH, et al. Measurement of adults’ sedentary time in population-based studies. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41(2):216–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ainsworth BE, Caspersen CJ, Matthews CE, et al. Recommendations to improve the accuracy of estimates of physical activity derived from self-report. J Phys Activity Health. 2012;9(1):S76–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marshall AL, Miller YD, Burton NW, et al. Measuring total and domain-specific sitting: a study of reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(6):1094–1102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle T, Lynch BM, Courneya KS, et al. Agreement between accelerometer-assessed and self-reported physical activity and sedentary time in colon cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer. 2014;23(4):1121–1126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trost SG, Zheng Y, Wong WK. Machine learning for activity recognition: hip versus wrist data. Physiol Meas. 2014;35(11):2183–2189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch BM, Owen N. Too much sitting and chronic disease risk: steps to move the science forward. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(2):146–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch BM, Dunstan DW, Vallance JK, et al. Don’t take cancer sitting down: a new survivorship research agenda. Cancer. 2013;119(11):1928–1935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparling PB, Howard BJ, Dunstan DW, et al. Recommendations for physical activity in older adults. BMJ. 2015;350:h100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassett D, Rowlands A, Trost S, et al. Calibration and validation of wearable monitors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(1 Suppl 1):S32–S8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch BM. Sedentary behavior and cancer: a systematic review of the literature and proposed biological mechanisms. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010;19(11):2691–2709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprangers MA, Thong MS, Bartels M, et al. Biological pathways, candidate genes, and molecular markers associated with quality-of-life domains: an update. Qual Life Res. 2014;23(7):1997–2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogino S, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, et al. Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field. Gut. 2011;60(3):397–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenland S, Brumback B. An overview of relations among causal modelling methods. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31:1030–1037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robins JM, Hernan MA, Brumback B. Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology. 2000;11(5):550–560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellegrini CA, Verba SD, Otto AD, et al. The comparison of a technology-based system and an in-person behavioral weight loss intervention. Obesity. 2012;20(2):356–363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barwais FA, Cuddihy TF, Tomson LM. Physical activity, sedentary behavior and total wellness changes among sedentary adults: a 4-week randomized controlled trial. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013;11:183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendriksen JM, Geersing GJ, Moons KG, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic prediction models. J Thromb Haemostasis. 2013;11(Suppl 1):129–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourke L, Thompson G, Gibson DJ, et al. Pragmatic lifestyle intervention in patients recovering from colon cancer: a randomized controlled pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92(5):749–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar