References
- Alzamora, M. C., Paredes, T., Caceres, D., Webb, C. M., Valdez, L. M., & La Rosa, M. 2020. Severe COVID-19 during pregnancy and possible vertical transmission. American Journal of Perinatology, 37(8), 861. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710050
- Bialek, S., Gierke, R., Hughes, M., McNamara, L. A., Pilishvili, T., & Skoff, T. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 in children—United States, February 12–April 2, 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(14), 422. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6914e4
- Cai, J. H., Wang, X. S., Ge, Y. L., Xia, A. M., Chang, H. L., Tian, H., … Zeng, J. S. (2020). First case of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children in Shanghai. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi (Chinese Journal of Pediatrics), 58(2), 86–87. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2020.02.002
- Canarutto, D., Priolo, A., Russo, G., Pitea, M., Vigone, M. C., & Barera, G. (2020). COVID-19 infection in a paucisymptomatic infant: Raising the index of suspicion in epidemic settings. Pediatric Pulmonology, 55, E4–E5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24754
- Cao, Q., Chen, Y. C., Chen, C. L., & Chiu, C. H. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: Transmission dynamics and clinical characteristics. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 119(3), 670–673. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2020.02.009
- Chan, J. F.-W., Yuan, S., Kok, K.-H., To, K. K.-W., Chu, H., Yang, J., … Xing, F. (2020). A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: A study of a family cluster. The Lancet, 395(10223), 514–523. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9
- Chang, T. H., Wu, J. L., & Chang, L. Y. (2020). Clinical characteristics and diagnostic challenges of pediatric COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 119(5), 982–989. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2020.04.007
- Chen, J., Zhang,Z. Z., Chen, Y. K., Long, Q. X., Tian, W. G., Deng, H. J., … Hu P. (2020). The clinical and immunological features of pediatric COVID-19 patients in China. Genes & Diseases, 7(4), 535–541. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2020.03.008
- Chen, Z., Fu, J., Shu, Q., Chen, Y., Hua, C., Li, F., … Zhang, Y. (2020a). Diagnosis and treatment recommendation for pediatric coronavirus disease-19. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 49(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-020-04735-9
- Chen, Z. M., Fu, J. F., Shu, Q., Chen, Y. H., Hua, C. Z., Li, F. B., … Wang, Y.S . (2020b). Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus. World Journal of Pediatrics, 16(3), 240–246. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00345-5
- Cui, Y., Tian, M., Huang, D., Wang, X., Huang, Y., Fan, L., … Zha, Y. (2020). A 55-day-old female infant infected with 2019 novel coronavirus disease: Presenting with pneumonia, liver injury, and heart damage. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 221(11), 1775–1781.
- Dong, Y., Mo, X. I., Hu, Y., Qi, X., Jiang, F., Jiang, Z., & Tong, S. (2020). Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in China. Pediatrics, 145(6), e20200702. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24754
- Garazzino, S., Montagnani, C., Dona, D., Meini, A., Felici, E., Vergine, G., … Nicolin, G. (2020). Multicentre Italian study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents, preliminary data as at 10 April 2020. Eurosurveillance, 25(18), 2000600.
- Goldman, R. D. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 in children: Surprising findings in the midst of a global pandemic. Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien, 66(5), 332–334. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32404451
- Hong, H., Wang, Y., Chung, H. T., & Chen, C. J. (2020). Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in newborns, infants and children. Pediatrics and Neonatology, 61(2), 131–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2020.03.001
- Ji, L. N., Chao, S., Wang, Y. J., Li, X. J., Mu, X. D., Lin, M. G., & Jiang, R. M. (2020). Clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID-19: A report of two family cluster cases. World Journal of Pediatrics, 16(3), 267–270. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00356-2
- Kamali Aghdam, M., Jafari, N., & Eftekhari, K. (2020). Novel coronavirus in a 15-day-old neonate with clinical signs of sepsis, a case report. Infectious Diseases, 52(6), 427–429. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2020.1747634
- Li, B., Shen, J., Li, L., & Yu, C. (2020). Radiographic and clinical features of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia. Indian Pediatrics, 57(5), 423–426. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-020-1816-8
- Liu, H., Liu, F., Li, J., Zhang, T., Wang, D., & Lan, W. (2020). Clinical and CT imaging features of the COVID-19 pneumonia: Focus on pregnant women and children. Journal of Infection, 80(5), e7–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.007
- Liu, Y., Gayle, A. A., Wilder-Smith, A., & Rocklöv, J. (2020). The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(2), 1–4. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa021
- Ma, H., Hu, J., Tian, J., Zhou, X., Li, H., Laws, M. T., Wesemann, L. D., Zhu, B., Chen, W., Ramos, R., Xia, J., & Shao, J. (2020). A single-center, retrospective study of COVID-19 features in children: A descriptive investigation. BMC Medicine, 18(1), 123. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01596-9
- Mansour, A., Atoui, R., Kanso, K., Mohsen, R., Fares, Y., & Fares, J. (2020). First case of an infant with COVID-19 in the Middle East. Cureus, 12(4), e7520. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7520
- Mao, L. J., Xu, J., Xu, Z. H., Xia, X. P., Li, B., He, J. G., Zhao, P., Pan, J.-W., Zhang, D., Su, Y., Wang, Y.-H., & Yuan, Z. F. (2020). A child with household transmitted COVID-19. BMC Infect Dis, 20(1), 329. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05056-w
- Mecenas, P., Bastos, R. T., Vallinoto, A. C., & Normando, D. (2020). Effects of temperature and humidity on the spread of COVID-19: A systematic review. PLoS One, 15(9), e0238339. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238339
- Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4), 264–269. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135
- Moola, S., Munn, Z., Tufanaru, C., Aromataris, E., Sears, K., Sfetcu, R.,… Mu, P.-F. (2017). Chapter 7: Systematic reviews of etiology and risk. In E. Aromataris, & Z. Munn (Eds.). Joanna Briggs Institute reviewer's manual. The Joanna Briggs Institute. Retrieved from https://reviewersmanual.joannabriggs.org/
- Munn, Z., Moola, S., Riitano, D., & Lisy, K. (2014). The development of a critical appraisal tool for use in systematic reviews addressing questions of prevalence. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 3(3), 123. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2014.71
- Panahi, L., Amiri, M., & Pouy, S. (2020). Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 infection in newborns and pediatrics: A systematic review. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, 8(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22037/aaem.v8i1.634
- Park, J. Y., Han, M. S., Park, K. U., Kim, J. Y., & Choi, E. H. (2020). First pediatric case of coronavirus disease 2019 in Korea. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 35(11). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e124
- Pediatric Branch of Hubei Medical, A., Pediatric Branch of Wuhan Medical, A., & Pediatric Medical Quality Control Center of, H. (2020). Recommendation for the diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus infection in children in Hubei (Trial version 1). Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi, 22(2), 96–99. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2020.02.003
- Rahmanzade, R., Rahmanzadeh, R., & Hashemian, S. M. (2020). Respiratory distress in postanesthesia care unit: first presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 17-year-old girl: A case report. A A Pract, 14(7), e01227. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1213/xaa.0000000000001227
- See, K. C., Liew, S. M., Ng, D. C., Chew, E. L., Khoo, E. M., Sam, C. H., … Tan, L. P. (2020). COVID-19: Four paediatric cases in Malaysia. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 94, 125–127. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.049
- Shen, K. L., & Yang, Y. H. (2020) Diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: A pressing issue. World Journal of Pediatrics, 16(3), 219–221. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00344-6
- Shen, K., Yang, Y., Wang, T., Zhao, D., Jiang, Y., Jin, R., … Shang, Y. Global Pediat Pulmonology, A. (2020). Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: Experts’ consensus statement. World Journal of Pediatrics, 16(3), 223–231. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00343-7
- Shen, Q., Guo, W., Guo, T., Li, J., He, W., Ni, S., Ouyang, X., Liu, J., Xie, Y., Tan, X., & Zhou, Z. (2020). Novel coronavirus infection in children outside of Wuhan, China. Pediatric pulmonology 55, (6), 1424–1429. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.00510.1002/ppul.24762
- Song, W., Li, J., Zou, N., Guan, W., Pan, J., & Xu, W. (2020). Clinical features of pediatric patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Journal of Clinical Virology, 127(104377), 104377. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104377
- Su, L., Ma, X., Yu, H., Zhang, Z., Bian, P., Han, Y., Sun, J., Liu, Y., Yang, C., Geng, J., Zhang, Z., & Gai, Z. (2020). The different clinical characteristics of corona virus disease cases between children and their families in China - the character of children with COVID-19. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 9(1), 707–713. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1744483
- Sun, D., Li, H., Lu, X. X., Xiao, H., Ren, J., Zhang, F. R., & Liu, Z. S. (2020). Clinical features of severe pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: A single center’s observational study. World Journal of Pediatrics, 16(3), 251–259. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00354-4
- Sun, K., Chen, J., & Viboud, C. (2020). Early epidemiological analysis of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak based on crowdsourced data: A population-level observational study. The Lancet Digital Health, 2(4), e201–e208. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30026-1
- Tan, Y. P., Tan, B. Y., Pan, J., Wu, J., Zeng, S. Z., & Wei, H. Y. (2020). Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 10 children with coronavirus disease 2019 in Changsha, China. Journal of Clinical Virology, 127, 104353. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104353
- Wang, J., Wang, D., Chen, G. C., Tao, X. W., & Zeng, L. K. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 infection with gastrointestinal symptoms as the first manifestation in a neonate. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi, 22(3), 211–214. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2020.03.006
- Wang, X. F., Yuan, J., Zheng, Y. J., Chen, J., Bao, Y. M., Wang, Y. R., ...Liu,Y. X. (2020). Retracted: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 34 children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Shenzhen. Zhonghua er ke za zhi= Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, 58, E008. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j..0578-1310.2020.0008
- Wei, M., Yuan, J., Liu, Y., Fu, T., Yu, X., & Zhang, Z.-J. (2020). Novel coronavirus infection in hospitalized infants under 1 year of age in China. Jama, 323(13), 1313–1314. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2131
- WHO. (2020) . WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard. Data (2020/6/10 ed.). World Health Organization.
- Xia, W., Shao, J., Guo, Y., Peng, X., Li, Z., & Hu, D. (2020). Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID‐19 infection: Different points from adults. Pediatric Pulmonology, 55(5), 1169–1174.
- Xu, Y., Li, X., Zhu, B., Liang, H., Fang, C., Gong, Y., … Gong, S. (2020). Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding. Nature Medicine, 26(4), 502–505. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0817-4
- Xu, Z., Shi, L., Zhu, L., Zhang, J., Huang, L., Zhang, C., … Liu, S. (2020). Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(4), 420–422. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X
- Yasri, S., & Wiwanitkit, V. (2020). Clinical features in pediatric COVID-19. Pediatric Pulmonology, 55(5), 1097. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24737
- Zhang, G. X., Zhang, A. M., Huang, L., Cheng, L. Y., Liu, Z. X., Peng, X. L., & Wang, H. W. (2020). Twin girls infected with SARS-CoV-2. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi, 22(3), 221–225. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2020.03.008
- Zhong, Z., Xie, X., Huang, W., Zhao, W., Yu, Q., & Liu, J. (2020). Chest CT findings and clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 45(3), 236–242. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11817/j.1672-7347.2020.200206
- Zhou, Y., Yang, G. D., Feng, K., Huang, H., Yun, Y. X., Mou, X. Y., & Wang, L. F. (2020). Clinical features and chest CT findings of coronavirus disease 2019 in infants and young children. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi, 22(3), 215–220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2020.03.007
- Zhu, H., Wang, L., Fang, C., Peng, S., Zhang, L., Chang, G., Xia, S., & Zhou, W. (2020). Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Translational Pediatrics, 9(1), 51–60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200228-00499