References
- Abdi, K., Talebpour, M., Fullerton, J., Ranjkesh, M. J., & Jabbari Nooghabi, H. (2018). Converting sports diplomacy to diplomatic outcomes: Introducing a sports diplomacy model. International Area Studies Review, 21(4), 365–381. doi: 10.1177/2233865918808058.
- Allsides (n.d.). Media bias ratings. Retrieved from https://aus.libguides.com/apa/apa-no-author-date.
- Aouragh, M., & Chakravartty, P. (2016). Infrastructures of empire: Towards critical geopolitics of media and information studies. Media, Culture & Society, 38(4), 559–575.
- Berlinger, J. (2018, February 7). U.S. to impose 'toughest ever' sanctions on North Korea, Pence warns. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/07/politics/pence-tokyo-north-korea-intl/index.html.
- Bie, B., & Billings, A. C. (2015). “Too good to be true?”: U.S. and Chinese media coverage of Chinese swimmer Ye Shiwen in the 2012 Olympic Games. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 50(7), 785–803. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690213495746.
- Carlin, R., Wit, J. S. (2018, January 8). How the Olympics could help defuse the North Korea crisis. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/01/winter-olympic-games-south-korea-opportunity-for-diplomacy-with-north-korea/549893/.
- China News. (2018a, January 8). China supports the DPRK and the ROK in taking the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics as an opportunity to improve relations. China News. http://www.kaixian.tv/gd/2018/0102/7884.html.
- China News. (2018b, February 7). The opening ceremony of the PyeongChang Winter Olympics will bring three highlights to the inter-Korean diplomacy. China News. https://mil.eastday.com/a/180207092057736-2.html.
- Chehabi, H. E. (2001). Sport diplomacy between the United States and Iran. Diplomacy and Statecraft, 12(1), 89–106.
- Cho, Y. (2009). Unfolding sporting nationalism in South Korean media representations of the 1968, 1984 and 2000 Olympics. Media, Culture & Society, 31(3), 347–364.
- Choe, S. (2018, February 8). Two Koreas, split by war, use Olympics to make rare shows of unity. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/08/world/asia/olympics-north-korea-joint-team.html?searchResultPosition=22.
- Choe, S., Mark, L. (2018, January 17). Olympic détente upends U.S. strategy on North Korea. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/us/politics/trump-north-south-korea-olympics.html?searchResultPosition=9.
- Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007). Framing theory. Annual Review of Political Science, 10(1), 103–126. [Database] https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054.
- Christiansen, J. (2019). Framing theory. Salem Press Encyclopedia.
- Chun, S. (2018, January 16). Nak-yeon Lee, The unified team controversy. JoongAng Ilbo. https://news.joins.com/article/2,22,91,603.
- Ci, N. (2018, February 12). PyeongChang Winter Olympics as a turning point in history for improving relations between North and South Korea. China Youth Daily. http://winter.qianlong.com/2018/0212/2395619.shtml.
- Cooky, C., Dycus, R., & Dworkin, S. L. (2013). ‘What makes a woman a woman?’ versus ‘Our first lady of sport’: A comparative analysis of the United States and the South African media coverage of Caster Semenya. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 37(1), 31–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723512447940.
- Cottle, S. (2006). Mediatized conflict: Developments in media and conflict studies. McGraw-Hill Education.
- Dai, J., & Hyun, K. (2010). Global risk, domestic framing: Coverage of the North Korean nuclear test by U.S., Chinese, and South Korean news agencies. Asian Journal of Communication, 20(3), 299–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292981003802184.
- de Léséleuc, E., Pappous, A., & Marcellini, A. (2010). The media coverage of female athletes with disability. Analysis of the daily press of four European countries during the 2000 Sidney Paralympic Games. European Journal for Sport and Society, 7(3–4), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2010.11687863.
- De Vreese, C. H. (2005). News framing: Theory and typology. Information Design Journal, 13(1), 51–62.
- Dittmer, J., & Bos, D. (2019). Popular culture, geopolitics, and identity. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58.
- Entman, R. M. (2007). Framing bias: Media in the distribution of power. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 163–173.
- Garcia, B., de Wolff, M., & Yilmaz, S. (2018). Issue framing and institutional constraints in E.U. agenda-setting: An analysis of European Union sport policy. Journal of Contemporary European Research, 14(1), 23–39.
- Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Harvard University Press.
- Harrison, G., Pegoraro, A., Romney, M., & Hull, K. (2019). The ‘angry black woman’: How race, gender, and American politics influenced user discourse surrounding the Jemele Hill controversy. Howard Journal of Communications, 31(2), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2019.1608483.
- Howard, K. (2007). Preserving Korean music: Intangible cultural properties as icons of identity. Perspectives on Korean Music; v.1. (CD-ROM included). http://proxy-remote.galib.uga.edu/login?url= http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsgao&AN=edsgcl.159047066&site=eds-live.
- Jeong, S., & Griffiths, J. (2018, January 18). North, South Korea to march together under one flag at Winter Olympics. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/17/asia/north-south-korea-olympics-flag-intl/index.html.
- Kim, C. (2018, January 19). Will 23 players who have suffered for 4 years suffer damage as a ‘South and North single team’? Hankyoreh. http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/sports/sports_general/828593.html#csidx7fb40a08d7d39fca39789e2e4f3ee7f.
- Kim, H. J. (2018, January 15). Koreas may field a joint women's hockey team at Olympics. The Washington Times. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jan/15/koreas-may-field-joint-womens-ice-hockey-team-at-o/.
- Kim, J. (2018, January 15). The government officially announces the ‘Korean Peninsula Joint Position’…野 ‘national anger.’ Chosun Ilbo. https://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2018/01/15/2018011502316.html.
- Kwak, T. H. (2016). North Korea’s second nuclear crisis and northeast Asian security. Routledge.
- Kwon, K. H., & Moon, S. I. (2009). The bad guy is one of us: Framing comparison between the U.S. and Korean newspapers and blogs about the Virginia Tech shooting. Asian Journal of Communication, 19(3), 270–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292980903038998.
- Lee, H. (2018, February 1). We are friends, now should we share a room? Dong-A Ilbo. http://news.donga.com/3/all/20180201/88458203/1.
- Lee, J. W., & Maguire, J. (2009). Global festivals through a national prism: The global—national nexus in South Korean media coverage of the 2004 Athens Olympic games. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 44(1), 5–24.
- Lewis, A. (2018, May 4). North and South Korea teams unite at table tennis world championships. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/04/sport/korea-ping-pong-diplomacy-table-tennis-world-championships/index.html.
- Li, D. (2018a, January 24). The deconstruction of the geopolitical landscape on the Korean peninsula will accelerate in 2018. China Youth Daily. http://zqb.cyol.com/html/2018-01/24/nw.D110000zgqnb_20180124_3-03.htm.
- Li, L. (2018b, January 18). Ministry of Foreign Affairs responds to North Korea and South Korea’s plans to jointly raise peninsula flags for Winter Olympics: Rare mitigation must be cherished. People’s Daily. https://world.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnK6oKu.
- Lim, K. (2018, February 6). [Fact check] Single team uniform, looks like flag of North Korea? As it turned out…. Chosun Ilbo. http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2018/02/06/2018020600041.html.
- Liu, Z., Chen, R., & Newman, J. I. (2019). The football dream of a sleeping dragon: Media framing (s), east–west geopolitics, and the crisis of the Chinese men’s national team. Communication & Sport. doi:10.1177/2167479519852141
- Moon, B. K., Han, S. J., Lee, H. J. (2018, January 18). Moon Jae-in, president, cheering the ice hockey team up, but some players ‘the unified team is absurd.’ Dong-A Ilbo. http://www.donga.com/news/article/all/20180118/88219937/1.
- Murray, S., & Pigman, G. A. (2014). Mapping the relationship between international sport and diplomacy. Sport in Society, 17(9), 1098–1118. doi: 10.1080/17430437.2013.856616.
- Nelson, T. E., Clawson, R. A., & Oxley, Z. M. (1997). Media framing of a civil liberties conflict and its effect on tolerance. American Political Science Review, 91(3), 567–583. https://doi.org/10.2307/2952075.
- Neuendorf, K. A. (2016). The content analysis guidebook. SAGE.
- Ojala, M., & Kaasik-Krogerus, S. (2016). Popular geopolitics in the shadow of Russia: The Ukraine conflict in Finnish and Estonian newspaper editorials. In media and the Ukraine crisis: Hybrid media practices and narratives of conflict. Peter Lang. 139–155.
- Ojala, M., & Pantti, M. (2017). Naturalising the new cold war: The geopolitics of framing the Ukrainian conflict in four European newspapers. Global Media and Communication, 13(1), 41–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742766517694472.
- Pinilla, D. G., (2004). Border disputes between China and North Korea. China Perspectives, 2004 (52). https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.806.
- Robertson, R. (2012). Sports diplomacy in a conflict environment: The case for continued efforts in Afghanistan. Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy, 3(1), 5.
- Robinson, J., & Jeong, E. (2018, February 12). North Korea’s weapons of mass distraction. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/north-koreas-weapons-of-mass-distraction-1518444526?mod=searchresults&page=1&pos=7.
- Robison, B. (2004). Putting Bosnia in its place: Critical geopolitics and the representation of Bosnia in the British print media. Geopolitics, 9(2), 378–401.
- Romney, M., & Johnson, R. G. (2019). The ball game is for the boys: The visual framing of female athletes on national sports networks’ Instagram accounts. Communication & Sport, 8(6), 738-756. doi:10.1177/2167479519836731
- Rowe, D. (2019). The worlds that are watching: Media, politics, diplomacy, and the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics. Communication & Sport, 7(1), 3–22.
- Santos, C. A., Tainsky, S., Schmidt, K. A., & Shim, C. (2013). Framing the octagon: An analysis of news-media coverage of mixed martial arts. International Journal of Sport Communication, 6(1), 66–86. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.6.1.66.
- Scheufele, D. A. (1999). Framing as a theory of media effects. Journal of Communication, 49(1), 103–122.
- Scheufele, D. A. (2000). Agenda-setting, priming, and framing revisited: Another look at cognitive effects of political communication. Mass Communication & Society, 3(2–3), 297–316.
- Scheufele, D. A., & Tewksbury, D. (2006). Framing, agenda setting, and priming: The evolution of three media effects models. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 9–20.
- Schmidt, S. H., Frederick, E. L., Pegoraro, A., & Spencer, T. C. (2019). An analysis of Colin Kaepernick, Megan Rapinoe, and the national anthem protests. Communication & Sport, 7(5), 653–677.
- Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative content analysis in practice. SAGE Publications.
- Seippel, Ø., Broch, T. B., Kristiansen, E., Skille, E., Wilhelmsen, T., Strandbu, Å., & Thorjussen, I. M. (2016). Political framing of sports: The mediated politicisation of Oslo’s interest in bidding for the 2022 Winter Olympics. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 8(3), 439–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2016.1182047.
- Shrikhande, S. G. (2018). Geopolitics examined: A comparative framing analysis of U.S.-India nuclear accord. International Communication Research Journal, 53(1), 25–46.
- Solovyev, E. G. (2004). Geopolitics in Russia—science or vocation? Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 37(1), 85–96.
- Spiro, P. J. (2012). The end of Olympic nationality. Allegiance and identity in a globalised world (Kim Rubenstein, Ed.). Cambridge University Press. 2012; Temple University Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2011-30. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1904601.
- Sung, Y. (2018, February 9). Moon said, ‘There is no ceasefire in the hearts of inter-Korean players.’ Hankyoreh. http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/bluehouse/831640.html.
- Tuara, G. Ó. (1992). Geopolitics and discourse. Political Geography, 11(2), 190–204.
- Vazquez, M. (2018, February 4). Pence will try to disrupt normalization of North Korea at the Olympics. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/04/politics/mike-pence-north-korea-olympics-axios/index.html.
- Wang, X. (2018, February 10). PyeongChang Winter Olympics boost inter-Korean relations. Xinhua.net. http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2018-02/10/c_1122399495.htm.
- Watson, I., Ko, S., McKenzie, S. (2018, February 5). Joint Korean ice hockey team plays for first time ahead of Olympics. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/04/sport/north-south-korea-ice-hockey-intl/index.html.
- Wood, J. T. (2004). Communication theories in action. An introduction (3rd ed.). Thomson Wadsworth.
- Wu, X. (2018, January 17). The PyeongChang Winter Olympics sent a positive signal for promoting the Inter-Korean dialogue. China Youth Daily. https://news.china.com/internationalgd/10000166/20180213/32088112.html.
- Xue, H., Mason, D. S., Humphreys, B. R., Johnson, B. K., & Whitehead, J. C. (2019). Framing the Olympic elite athlete funding issue: A case study of Canadian newspaper coverage. Communication & Sport, 7(3), 310–336. doi: 10.1177/2167479518775427.
- Yan, Y., & Kim, Y. (2015). Framing the crisis by one’s seat: A comparative study of newspaper frames of the Asiana crash in the USA, Korea, and China. Asian Journal of Communication, 25(5), 486–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2014.990470.
- Yang, J. (2003). Framing the NATO air strikes on Kosovo across countries: Comparison of Chinese and U.S. newspaper coverage. Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands), 65(3), 231–249.
- Yoon, L., & Wilson, B. (2016). Nice Korea, Naughty Korea’: Media framings of North Korea and the inter-Korean relationship in the London 2012 Olympic Games. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 51(5), 505–528. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690214547745.
- Yoon, L., & Wilson, B. (2019). Journalism, environmental issues, and sport mega-events: A study of South Korean media coverage of the Mount Gariwang development for the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic and Paralympic games. Communication & Sport, 7(6), 699–728. doi: 10.1177/2167479518811381.
- Zhou, K. (2018, February 6). Peace, party, Beijing, challenge: The keywords of Winter Olympics in PyeongChang. Xinhua.net. http://www.xinhuanet.com/asia/2018-02/06/c_1122376419.htm.