251
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Exploring the Link between Exposure to Athlete Advocacy and Public Issue Involvement: An Analysis of Japanese Athlete Racial Advocacy

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &
Received 27 Oct 2021, Accepted 20 Jul 2022, Published online: 05 Sep 2022

References

  • Agyemang, K., Singer, J. N., & DeLorme, J. (2010). An exploratory study of black male college athletes’ perceptions on race and athlete activism. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 45(4), 419–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690210374691
  • Agyemang, K. J. A., Singer, J. N., & Weems, A. J. (2020). Agitate! Agitate! Agitate!’: Sport as a site for political activism and social change. Organization, 27(6), 952–968. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508420928519
  • Apsler, R., & Sears, D. O. (1968). Warning, personal involvement, and attitude change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9(2), 162–166. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0021248
  • Arai, A., Ko, Y. J., & Ross, S. (2014). Branding athletes: Exploration and conceptualization of athlete brand image. Sport Management Review, 17(2), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2013.04.003
  • Austin, E. W., van de Vord, R., Pinkleton, B. E., & Epstein, E. (2008). Celebrity endorsements and their potential to motivate young voters. Mass Communication and Society, 11(4), 420–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205430701866600
  • Babiak, K., Mills, B., Tainsky, S., & Juravich, M. (2012). An investigation into professional athlete philanthropy: Why charity is part of the game. Journal of Sport Management, 26(2), 159–176. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.26.2.159
  • Babiak, K., & Sant, S. L. (2021). All the news that’s fit to print? How the media frames professional athlete philanthropy. Journal of Sport Management, 35(1), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0323
  • Bandura, A. (1986). The explanatory and predictive scope of self-efficacy Theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4(3), 359–373. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1986.4.3.359
  • Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory of mass communication. Media Psychology, 3(3), 265–299. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0303_03
  • Becker, A. B. (2012). Engaging celebrity? Measuring the impact of issue-advocacy messages on situational involvement, complacency and apathy. Celebrity Studies, 3(2), 213–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2012.679462
  • Brown, W. J., & Basil, M. D. (1995). Media celebrities and public health: Responses to ‘Magic’ Johnson’s HIV disclosure and its impact on AIDS risk and high-risk behaviors. Health Communication, 7(4), 345–370. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327027hc0704_4
  • Brown, W. J., Basil, M. D., & Bocarnea, M. C. (2003). The influence of famous athletes on health beliefs and practices: Mark McGwire, child abuse prevention, and androstenedione. Journal of Health Communication, 8(1), 41–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730305733
  • Brown, W. J., & de Matviuk, M. A. C. (2010). Sports celebrities and public health: Diego Maradona’s influence on drug use prevention. Journal of Health Communication, 15(4), 358–373. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730903460575
  • Bush, V. D., Bush, A. J., Clark, P., & Bush, R. P. (2005). Girl power and word-of-mouth behavior in the flourishing sports market. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 22(5), 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760510611680
  • Casey, M. K., Allen, M., Emmers-Sommer, T., Sahlstein, E., Degooyer, D., Winters, A. M., Wagner, A. E., & Dun, T. (2003). When a celebrity contracts a disease: The example of Earvin ‘Magic’ Johnson’s announcement that he was HIV positive. Journal of Health Communication, 8(3), 249–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730305682
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences., 2nd Ed. Laurence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Coombs, D. S., & Cassilo, D. (2017). Athletes and/or activists: LeBron James and Black lives matter. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 41(5), 425–444. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723517719665
  • Cunningham, G. B., Dixon, M. A., Singer, J. N., Oshiro, K. F., Ahn, N. Y., & Weems, A. (2021). A site to resist and persist: Diversity, social justice, and the unique nature of sport. Journal of Global Sport Management, 6(1), 30–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2019.1578623
  • Cunningham, G. B., & Regan, M. R.Jr, (2012). Political activism, racial identity and the commercial endorsement of athletes. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 47(6), 657–669. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690211416358
  • Du, S., Bhattacharya, C., & Sen, S. (2010). Maximizing business returns to corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of CSR communication. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00276.x
  • Evans, A. B., Agergaard, S., Campbell, P. I., Hylton, K., & Lenneis, V. (2020). Black Lives Matter:’ sport, race and ethnicity in challenging times. European Journal for Sport and Society, 17(4), 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2020.1833499
  • Fibbi, R., Midtbøen, A. H., & Simon, P. (2021). Theories of Discrimination. In R. Fibbi, A. H. Midtbøen, and P. Simon, (Eds.), Migration and Discrimination, (1st ed., 21–41). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67281-2_3
  • Frederick, E. L., Pegoraro, A., & Sanderson, J. (2019). Divided and united: Perceptions of athlete activism at the ESPYS. Sport in Society, 22(12), 1919–1936. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2018.1530220
  • Ho, M. H., & Tanaka, H. (2022). How Nissin represented Naomi Osaka: Race, gender, and sport in Japanese advertising. Communication & Sport, 21674795211040213, 10(4), 594–615. https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795211040213
  • Houston, M. J., & Rothschild, M. L. (1978). Conceptual and methodological perspectives on involvement. In S. C. Jain (Ed.), 1978 educators’ proceedings. (pp. 184–187). American Marketing Association.
  • Inoue, Y., & Kent, A. (2012). Investigating the role of corporate credibility in corporate social marketing: A case study of environmental initiatives by professional sport organizations. Sport Management Review, 15(3), 330–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2011.12.002
  • Iwabuchi, K., & Takezawa, Y. (2015). Rethinking race and racism in and from Japan. Japanese Studies, 35(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2015.1044153
  • Jackson, D. J., & Darrow, T. I. A. (2005). The influence of celebrity endorsements on young adults’ political opinions. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 10(3), 80–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X05279278
  • Kaufman, P. (2008). Boos, bans, and other backlash: The consequences of being an activist athlete. Humanity & Society, 32(3), 215–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/016059760803200302
  • Kaufman, P., & Wolff, E. A. (2010). Playing and protesting: Sport as a vehicle for social change. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 34(2), 154–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723509360218
  • Kim, J. N., & Grunig, J. E. (2011). Problem solving and communicative action: A situational theory of problem solving. Journal of Communication, 61(1), 120–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01529.x
  • Love, A., Deeb, A., & Waller, S. N. (2019). Social justice, sport and racism: A position statement. Quest, 71(2), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2019.1608268
  • McCracken, G. (1989). Who is the celebrity endorser? Cultural foundations of the endorsement process. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(3), 310. https://doi.org/10.1086/209217
  • McGuire, W. J. (1984). Public communication as a strategy for inducing health-promoting behavioral change. Preventive Medicine, 13(3), 299–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(84)90086-0
  • Melnick, M. J., & Jackson, S. J. (2002). Globalization American-style and reference idol selection: The importance of athlete celebrity others among New Zealand youth. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 37(3-4), 429–448. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690202037004027
  • Mitchell, F. R., Santarossa, S., & Woodruff, S. J. (2018). Athletes as advocates: Influencing eating-disorder beliefs and perceptions through social media. International Journal of Sport Communication, 11(4), 433–446. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2018-0112
  • Nagatsuka, K. (2020, July 25). Black Lives Matter prompts important conversations in Japanese sports. The Japan Times. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2020/07/25/more-sports/black-lives-matter-prompts-important-conversations-japanese-sports/.
  • Nielsen. (2020). Promoting racial equality in sports study. https://www.nielsen.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/07/nielsen-sports-blm-Infographic.pdf
  • Nownes, A. J. (2021). Can celebrities set the agenda? Political Research Quarterly, 74(1), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912919869530
  • Pager, D., & Shepherd, H. (2008). The sociology of discrimination: Racial discrimination in employment, housing, credit, and consumer markets. Annual Review of Sociology, 34, 181–209. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131740
  • Park, B., Park, S., & Billings, A. C. (2020). Separating perceptions of Kaepernick from perceptions of his protest: An analysis of athlete activism, endorsed brand, and media effects. Communication & Sport, 8(4-5), 629–650. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479519894691
  • Pelak, C. F. (2005). Athletes as agents of change: An examination of shifting race relations within women’s netball in post-apartheid South Africa. Sociology of Sport Journal, 22(1), 59–77. https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.22.1.59
  • Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 19(C), 123–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60214-2
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
  • Quillian, L. (2006). New approaches to understanding racial prejudice and discrimination. Annual Review of Sociology, 32(1), 299–328. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.32.061604.123132
  • Ramsay, G. C. (2020, September 14). Naomi Osaka: The Black victims of police brutality the tennis star honored on face masks at the US Open. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/09/11/tennis/naomi-osaka-us-open-face-mask-spt-intl/index.html
  • Roy, D. P., & Graeff, T. R. (2003). Consumer attitudes toward cause-related marketing activities in professional sports. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12(3), 163–172.
  • Schmidt, S. H., Frederick, E. L., Pegoraro, A., & Spencer, T. C. (2019). An analysis of Colin Kaepernick, Megan Rapinoe, and the national anthem protests. Communication & Sport, 7(5), 653–677. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479518793625
  • Shiota, A. (2020, June 17). Baseballer Louis Okoye lauded for tweets on prejudice against multiracial Japanese people. The Mainichi. https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20200617/p2a/00m/0na/026000c.
  • Smith, B., & Tryce, S. A. (2019). Understanding emerging adults’ national attachments and their reactions to athlete activism. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 43(3), 167–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723519836404
  • Watanabe, N. M., Yan, G., & Soebbing, B. P. (2019). Market disruption as a regime for athlete activism: An economic analysis of college football player protests. Sport Management Review, 22(5), 600–612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2018.08.003
  • Wen, N., & Cui, D. (2014). Effects of celebrity involvement on young people’s political and civic engagement. Chinese Journal of Communication, 7(4), 409–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/17544750.2014.953964
  • Wheeler, R. T. (2009). Nonprofit advertising: Impact of celebrity connection, involvement and gender on source credibility and intention to volunteer time or donate money. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 21(1), 80–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495140802111984
  • Yan, G., Pegoraro, A., & Watanabe, N. M. (2018). Student-athletes’ organization of activism at the University of Missouri: Resource mobilization on Twitter. Journal of Sport Management, 32(1), 24–37. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2017-0031
  • Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 341. https://doi.org/10.1086/208520

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.