Experienced academy soccer coaches’ perspectives on players’ skilfulness

References

• Ackerman PL. 2014. Nonsense, common sense, and science of expert performance: talent and individual differences. Intelligence. 45:6–17. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2013.04.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali A. 2011. Measuring soccer skill performance: a review. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 21(2):170–183. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01256.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrew M, Ford PR, Miller MT, McRobert AP, Foster NC, Seerden G, Littlewood MA, Hayes SJ. 2021. Bridging the gap between science and application: the use of co-creation to modulate practice activities employed by professional youth soccer coaches through feedback and workshops. Int Sport Coach J. 9(1):82–99. doi: 10.1123/iscj.2020-0054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anson G, Elliot D, Davids K. 2005. Information processing and constraints-based views of skill acquisition: divergent or complementary? Motor Control. 9(3):217–241. doi: 10.1123/mcj.9.3.217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aquino R, Puggina EF, Alves IS, Garganta J. 2017. Skill-related performance in soccer: a systematic review. Hum Mov. 18(5):3–24. doi: 10.1515/humo-2017-0042.
   Google Scholar
• Araujo D, Davids K, Hristovski R. 2006. The ecological dynamics of decision making in sport. Psychol Sport Exerc. 7(6):653–676. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.07.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archibald MM, Ambagtsheer RC, Casey MG, Lawless M. 2019. Using Zoom video conferencing for qualitative data collection: perceptions and experiences of researchers and participants. Int J Qual. 18:1–8. doi: 10.1177/1609406919874596.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beavan A, Fransen J, Spielmann J, Mayer J, Skorski S, Meyer T. 2019. The footbonaut as a new football-specific skills test: reproducibility and age-related differences in highly trained youth players. Sci Med Footb. 3(3):177–182. doi: 10.1080/24733938.2018.1548772.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett KJM, Novak AR, Pluss MA, Coutts AJ, Fransen J. 2020. A multifactorial comparison of Australian youth soccer players’ performance characteristics. Int J Sports Sci Coach. 15(1):17–25. doi: 10.1177/1747954119893174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett KJM, Novak AR, Pluss MA, Stevens CJ, Coutts AJ, Fransen J. 2018. The use of small-sided games to assess skill proficiency in youth soccer players: a talent identification tool. Sci Med Footb. 2(3):231–236. doi: 10.1080/24733938.2017.1413246.
   Google Scholar
• Bergkamp TLG, Frencken WGP, Niessen ASM, Meijer RR, den Hartigh RJR. 2021. How soccer scouts identify talented players. Eur J Sport Sci. 22(7):1–12. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1916081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun V, Clarke V. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 3(2):77–101. doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
   Google Scholar
• Braun V, Clarke V. 2019. Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qual Res Sport Exerc Health. 11(4):589–597. doi: 10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun V, Clarke V. 2021. Exploring this world in detail: doing coding. In: Braun, V editor. Thematic analysis: a practical guide. United Kingdom: SAGE Publications; p. 55–56.
   Google Scholar
• Braun V, Clarke V. 2023. Is thematic analysis used well in health psychology? A critical review of published research, with recommendations for quality practice and reporting. Health Psychol Rev. 1–24. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2161594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunswik E. 1956. Perception and the representative design of psychological experiments. 2nd ed. United States: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen MK. 2009. “An eye for talent”: talent identification and the “practical sense” of top-level soccer coaches. Sociol Sport J. 26(3):365–382. doi: 10.1123/ssj.26.3.365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark JE. 1995. On becoming skillful: patterns and constraints. Res Q Exercise Sport. 66(3):173–183. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1995.10608831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins D, Taylor J, Ashford M, Collins L. 2022. It depends coaching – the most fundamental, simple and complex principle or a mere copout? Sports Coach Rev. 1–21. doi: 10.1080/21640629.2022.2154189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davids K, Araújo D, Shuttleworth R, Button C. 2003. Acquiring skill in sport: a constraints-led perspective. Int J Comput Sci Sport. 2(2):31–39. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292604016.
   Google Scholar
• Davids K, Araújo D, Vilar L, Renshaw I, Pinder R. 2013. An ecological dynamics approach to skill acquisition: implications for development of talent in Sport. Talent Dev Excell. 5(1):21–34 https://eprints.qut.edu.au/219712/.
   Google Scholar
• Davids K, Button C, Bennett S. 2008. Dynamics of skill acquisition: a constraints-led approach. United Kingdom: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Davids K, Handford C, Williams M. 1994. The natural physical alternative to cognitive theories of motor behaviour: an invitation for interdisciplinary research in sports science? J Sports Sci. 12(6):495–528. doi: 10.1080/02640419408732202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodd KD, Newans TJ. 2018. Talent identification for soccer: physiological aspects. J Sci Med Sport. 21(10):1073–1078. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.01.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eather N, Jones B, Miller A, Morgan PJ. 2020. Evaluating the impact of a coach development intervention for improving coaching practices in junior football (soccer): the “MASTER” pilot study. J Sports Sci. 38(11–12):1441–1453. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1621002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenner JSJ, Iga J, Unnithan V. 2016. The evaluation of small-sided games as a talent identification tool in highly trained prepubertal soccer players. J Sports Sci. 34(20):1983–1990. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1149602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FIFA. 2021. Increasing global competitiveness. Zurich, Switzerland: Fédération Internationale de Football Association.
   Google Scholar
• Ford PR, Bordonau JLD, Bonanno D, Tavares J, Groenendijk C, Fink C, Gualtieri D, Gregson W, Varley MC, Weston M, et al. 2020. A survey of talent identification and development processes in the youth academies of professional soccer clubs from around the world. J Sports Sci. 38(11–12):1269–1278. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1752440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford PR, Hodges NJ, Broadbent D, O’Connor D, Scott D, Datson N, Andersson HA, Williams AM. 2020. The developmental and professional activities of female international soccer players from five high-performing nations. J Sports Sci. 38(11–12):1432–1440. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1789384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford PR, Williams AM. 2012. The developmental activities engaged in by elite youth soccer players who progressed to professional status compared to those who did not. Psychol Sport Exerc. 13(3):349–352. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.09.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsman H, Blomqvist M, Davids K, Liukkonen J, Konttinen N. 2016. Identifying technical, physiological, tactical and psychological characteristics that contribute to career progression in soccer. Int J Sports Sci Coach. 11(4):505–513. doi: 10.1177/1747954116655051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fransen J, Güllich A. 2019. Talent identification and development in game sports. In: The psychology of high performance: developing human potential into domain-specific talent. American Psychological Association; p. 59–92. doi: 10.1037/0000120-004.
   Google Scholar
• Fuhre J, Øygard A, Sæther SA. 2022. Coaches’ criteria for talent identification of youth male soccer players. Sports. 10(2):1–10. doi: 10.3390/sports10020014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson JJ. 1979. The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
   Google Scholar
• Goto H, Saward C. 2020. The running and technical performance of U13 to U18 elite Japanese soccer players during match play. J Strength Cond Res. 34(6):1564–1573. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray LM, Wong-Wylie G, Rempel GR, Cook K. 2020. Expanding qualitative research interviewing strategies: Zoom video communications. Qual Rep. 25(5):1292–1301. doi: 10.46743/2160-3715/2020.4212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood D, Davids K, Renshaw I 2012. How elite coaches’ experiential knowledge might enhance empirical research on sport performance. Int J Sports Sci Coach. 7(2):411–422. doi: 10.1260/1747-9541.7.2.411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin LL, Butler JI. 2005. Teaching games for understanding: theory, research, and practice. Vol. 1. United States: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Grix J. 2018. The foundations of research. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Hendry DT, Ford PR, Williams MA, Hodges NJ. 2015. Five evidence-based principles of effective practice and instruction. In Baker J, Farrow D, editors. Routledge handbook of sport expertise. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. p. 414–429. doi: 10.4324/9781315776675-36.
   Google Scholar
• Hicheur H, Chauvin A, Cavin V, Fuchslocher J, Tschopp M, Taube W. 2020. Augmented-feedback training improves cognitive motor performance of soccer players. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 52(1):141–152. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicheur H, Chauvin A, Chassot S, Chenevière X, Taube W, Di Giminiani R. 2017. Effects of age on the soccer-specific cognitive-motor performance of elite young soccer players: comparison between objective measurements and coaches’ evaluation. PloS One. 12(9):e0185460. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt NL, Strean WB, Bengoechea G. 2002. Expanding the Teaching Games for understanding model: new avenues for future research and practice. J Teach Phys Educ. 21(2):162–176. doi: 10.1123/jtpe.21.2.162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Höner O, Feichtinger P. 2016. Psychological talent predictors in early adolescence and their empirical relationship with current and future performance in soccer. Psychol Sport Exerc. 25:17–26. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.03.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Höner O, Raabe J, Murr D, Leyhr D. 2019. Prognostic relevance of motor tests in elite girls’ soccer: a five-year prospective cohort study within the German talent promotion program. Sci Med Footb. 3(4):287–296. doi: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1609069.
   Google Scholar
• Impellizzeri FM, Jeffries AC, Weisman A, Coutts AJ, McCall A, McLaren SJ, Kalkhoven J. 2021. The ‘training load’ construct: why it is appropriate and scientific. J Sci Med Sport. 25(5):445–448. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.10.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston K, McAuley ABT, Kelly AL, Baker J. 2023. Language games and blurry terminology: can clarity enhance athlete development? Front Sports Act Living. 5:5. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1150047.
   Google Scholar
• Keller BS, Raynor AJ, Iredale F, Bruce L. 2018. Tactical skill in Australian youth soccer: does it discriminate age-match skill levels? Int J Sports Sci Coach. 13(6):1057–1063. doi: 10.1177/1747954118760778.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koopmann T, Faber I, Baker J, Schorer J. 2020. Assessing technical skills in talented youth Athletes: a systematic review. Sports Med. 50(9):1593–1611. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01299-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larkin P, O’Connor D, Sampaio J. 2017. Talent identification and recruitment in youth soccer: Recruiter’s perceptions of the key attributes for player recruitment. PloS One. 12(4):1–15. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175716.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lath F, Koopmann T, Faber I, Baker J, Schorer J. 2021. Focusing on the coach’s eye; towards a working model of coach decision-making in talent selection. Psychol Sport Exerc. 56:102011. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Low B, Coutinho D, Gonçalves B, Rein R, Memmert D, Sampaio J. 2020. A systematic review of collective tactical behaviours in football using positional data. Sports Med. 50(2):343–385. doi: 10.1007/s40279-019-01194-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malterud K, Siersma VD, Guassora AD. 2016. Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power. Innov Methods. 26(13):1753–1760. doi: 10.1177/1049732315617444.
   Google Scholar
• McCalman W, Crowley-McHattan ZJ, Fransen J, Bennett KJM. 2022. Skill assessments in youth soccer: a scoping review. J Sports Sci. 40(6):667–695. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2021.2013617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nash C, Collins D. 2006. Tacit knowledge in expert coaching: science or art? Quest. 58(4):465–477. doi: 10.1080/00336297.2006.10491894.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newell KM. 1986. Constraints on the development of coordination. In Wade MG, Whiting HTA, editors. Motor development in children: aspects of coordination and control. Netherlands: Springer Netherlands; p. 341–360.
   Google Scholar
• O'Brien-Smith J, Fransen J, Sheehan WB, Lenoir M, Bennett K, Smith MR. 2021. Collective behaviour in high and low-level youth soccer. Sci Med Footb. 1–24. doi: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1917774.
   Google Scholar
• Palinkas LA, Horwitz SM, Green CA, Wisdom JP, Duan N, Hoagwood K. 2015. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Adm Policy Ment Health. 42(5):533–544. doi: 10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeves MJ, Littlewood MA, McRobert AP, Roberts SJ. 2018. The nature and function of talent identification in junior-elite football in English category one academies. Soccer Soc. 19(8):1122–1134. doi: 10.1080/14660970.2018.1432385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeves MJ, McRobert AP, Littlewood MA, Roberts SJ. 2018. A scoping review of the potential sociological predictors of talent in junior-elite football: 2000–2016. Soccer Soc. 19(8):1085–1105. doi: 10.1080/14660970.2018.1432386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts AH, Greenwood D, Humberstone C, Raynor AJ. 2020. Pilot study on the reliability of the coach’s eye: identifying talent throughout a 4-day cadet judo camp. Front Sports Act Living. 2:2. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.596369.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roberts AH, Greenwood DA, Stanley M, Humberstone C, Iredale F, Raynor A. 2019. Coach knowledge in talent identification: a systematic review and meta-synthesis. J Sci Med Sport. 22(10):1163–1172. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.05.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts AH, Greenwood DA, Stanley M, Humberstone C, Iredale F, Raynor A. 2021. Understanding the “gut instinct” of expert coaches during talent identification. J Sports Sci. 39(4):359–367. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1823083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roca A, Ford PR. 2021. Developmental activities in the acquisition of creativity in soccer players. Think Skills Creat. 41:100850. doi: 10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100850.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roca A, Ford PR, Memmert D, Antonietti A. 2018. Creative decision making and visual search behavior in skilled soccer players. PloS One. 13(7):e0199381. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt RA. 2003. Motor schema theory after 27 years: reflections and implications for a new theory. Res Q Exercise Sport. 74(4):366–375. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2003.10609106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt RA, Lee TD, Winstein C, Wulf G, Zelaznik HN. 2018. Motor control and learning: a behavioral emphasis. United Kingdom: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Silva P, Garganta J, Arau´jo D, Davids K, Aguiar P. 2013. Shared knowledge or shared affordances? Insights from an ecological dynamics approach to team coordination in Sports. Sports Med. 43(9):765–772. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0070-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith B, McGannon KR. 2018. Developing rigor in qualitative research: problems and opportunities within sport and exercise psychology. Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 11(1):101–121. doi: 10.1080/1750984X.2017.1317357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timmermans S, Tavory I. 2012. Theory construction in qualitative research: from grounded theory to abductive analysis. Sociol Theory. 30(3):167–186. doi: 10.1177/0735275112457914.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaeyens R, Lenoir M, Williams A,M, Philippaerts M. 2008. Talent identification and development programmes in Sport: current models and future directions. Sports Med. 38(9):703–714. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200838090-00001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaeyens R, Malina RM, Janssens M, Van Renterghem B, Bourgois J, Vrijens J, Philippaerts RM, E Silva MJC. 2006. A multidisciplinary selection model for youth soccer: the Ghent Youth Soccer Project. Br J Sports Med. 40(11):928–934. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.029652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wergin VV, Mallett CJ, Mesagno C, Zimanyi Z, Beckmann J. 2019. When you watch your team Fall apart – coaches’ and sport psychologists’ perceptions on causes of collective Sport team collapse. Front Psychol. 10(1331). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01331.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams M, Davids K. 1995. Declarative knowledge in sport: a by-product of experience or a characteristic of expertise? J Sport Exerc Psychol. 17(3):259–275. doi: 10.1123/jsep.17.3.259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams AM, Ford PR, Drust B. 2020. Talent identification and development in soccer since the millennium. J Sports Sci. 38(11–12):1199–1210. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1766647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams AM, Hodges NJ. 2005. Practice, instruction and skill acquisition in soccer: challenging tradition. J Sports Sci. 23(6):637–650. doi: 10.1080/02640410400021328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams AM, Reilly T. 2000. Talent identification and development in soccer. J Sports Sci. 18(9):657–667. doi: 10.1080/02640410050120041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson RS, James RS, David G, Hermann E, Morgan OJ, Niehaus AC, Hunter A, Thake D, Smith MD. 2016. Multivariate analyses of individual variation in soccer skill as a tool for talent identification and development: utilising evolutionary theory in sports science. J Sports Sci. 34(21):2074–2086. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1151544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiltshire G, Ronkainen N. 2021. A realist approach to thematic analysis: making sense of qualitative data through experiential, inferential and dispositional themes. J Crit Realism. 20(2):159–180. doi: 10.1080/14767430.2021.1894909.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods CT, Rudd J, Gray R, Davids K. 2021. Enskilment: an ecological-anthropological worldview of skill, learning and education in Sport. Sports Med Open. 7(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s40798-021-00326-6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar