Recall of pain and discomfort during oral procedures experienced by intubated critically ill patients in the intensive care unit: A qualitative elicitation study

References

• Puntillo KA, Max A, Timsit JF, Vignoud L, Chanques G, Robleda G, Roche-Campo F, Mancebo J, Divatia JV, Soares M, et al. Determinants of procedural pain intensity in the intensive care unit. The Europain(R) study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189(1):39–47. doi:10.1164/rccm.201306-1174OC.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payen JF, Bru O, Bosson JL, Lagrasta A, Novel E, Deschaux I, Lavagne P, Jacquot C. Assessing pain in critically ill sedated patients by using a behavioral pain scale. Crit Care Med. 2001;29(12):2258–63. doi:10.1097/00003246-200112000-00004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ploghaus A, Narain C, Beckmann CF, Clare S, Bantick S, Wise R, Matthews PM, Rawlins JNP, Tracey I. Exacerbation of pain by anxiety is associated with activity in a hippocampal network. J Neurosci. 2001;21(24):9896–903. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-24-09896.2001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigakis MJ, Bittner EA. Ten myths and misconceptions regarding pain management in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(11):2468–78. doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puntillo KA, Max A, Chaize M, Chanques G, Azoulay E. Patient recollection of ICU procedural pain and post ICU burden: the memory study. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(11):1988–95. doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001875.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayhurst CJ, Jackson JC, Archer KR, Thompson JL, Chandrasekhar R, Hughes CG. Pain and its long-term interference of daily life after critical illness. Anesth Analg. 2018;127(3):690–97. doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000003358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gelinas C, Needham DM, Slooter AJC, Pandharipande PP, Watson PL, Weinhouse GL, Nunnally ME, Rochwerg B, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation/ sedation,delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(9):e825–e73. doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000003299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dale CM, Angus JE, Sutherland S, Dev S, Rose L. Exploration of difficulty accessing the mouths of intubated and mechanically ventilated adults for oral care: a video and photographic elicitation study. J Clin Nurs. 2019. doi:10.1111/jocn.15014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terezakis E, Needleman I, Kumar N, Moles D, Agudo E. The impact of hospitalization on oral health: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(7):628–36. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01727.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennesen P, van der Ven A, Vlasveld M, Lokker L, Ramsay G, Kessels A, van den Keijbus P, van Nieuw Amerongen A, Veerman E. Inadequate salivary flow and poor oral mucosal status in intubated intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med. 2003;31(3):781–86. doi:10.1097/01.Ccm.0000053646.04085.29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puyo CA, Peruzzi D, Earhart A, Roller E, Karanikolas M, Kollef MH, Krupnick AS, Kreisel D, Ibrahim M, Gelman AE, et al. Endotracheal tube-induced sore throat pain and inflammation is coupled to the release of mitochondrial DNA. Mol Pain. 2017;13:1744806917731696. doi:10.1177/1744806917731696.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adhikari NK, Fowler RA, Bhagwanjee S, Rubenfeld GD. Critical care and the global burden of critical illness in adults. Lancet. 2010;376(9749):1339–46. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60446-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dale CM, Angus JE, Sinuff T, Rose L. Ethnographic investigation of oral care in the intensive care unit. Am J Crit Care. 2016;25(3):249–56. doi:10.4037/ajcc2016795.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemp HI, Bantel C, Gordon F, Brett SJ, Laycock HC. Pain assessment in INTensive care (PAINT): an observational study of physician-documented pain assessment in 45 intensive care units in the United Kingdom. Anaesthesia. 2017;72(6):737–48. doi:10.1111/anae.13786.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van de Leur JP, van der Schans CP, Loef BG, Deelman BG, Geertzen JH, Zwaveling JH. Discomfort and factual recollection in intensive care unit patients. Crit Care. 2004;8(6):R467–R73. doi:10.1186/cc2976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent JL, Shehabi Y, Walsh TS, Pandharipande PP, Ball JA, Spronk P, Longrois D, Strøm T, Conti G, Funk G-C, et al. Comfort and patient-centred care without excessive sedation: the eCASH concept. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(6):962–71. doi:10.1007/s00134-016-4297-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiatrowski R, Norton C, Giffen D. Analgosedation: improving patient outcomes in ICU sedation and pain management. Pain Manag Nurs. 2016;17(3):204–17. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2016.02.052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Outlaw P, Tripathi S, Baldwin J. Using patient experiences to develop services for chronic pain. Br J Pain. 2018;12(2):122–31. doi:10.1177/2049463718759782.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim H, Sefcik JS, Bradway C. Characteristics of qualitative descriptive studies: a systematic review. Res Nurs Health. 2017;40(1):23–42. doi:10.1002/nur.21768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan-Bolyai S, Bova C, Harper D. Developing and refining interventions in persons with health disparities: the use of qualitative description. Nurs Outlook. 2005;53(3):127–33. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2005.03.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradshaw C, Atkinson S, Doody O. Employing a qualitative description approach in health care research. Glob Qual Nurs Res. 2017;4:2333393617742282–82. doi:10.1177/2333393617742282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr J, Fraser GL, Puntillo K, Ely EW, Gélinas C, Dasta JF, Davidson JE, Devlin JW, Kress JP, Joffe AM, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(1):263–306. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182783b72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders B, Sim J, Kingstone T, Baker S, Waterfield J, Bartlam B, Burroughs H, Jinks C. Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Qual Quant. 2018;52(4):1893–907. doi:10.1007/s11135-017-0574-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barton KC. Elicitation techniques: getting people to talk about ideas they don’t usually talk about. Thoery Res Soc Educ. 2015;43(2):179–205. doi:10.1080/00933104.2015.1034392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagnoli A. Beyond the standard interview: the use of graphic elicitation and arts-based methods. Qual Res. 2009;9(5):547–70. doi:10.1177/1468794109343625.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark-IbáÑez M. Framing the social world with photo-elicitation interviews. Am Behav Scient. 2004;47(12):1507–27. doi:10.1177/0002764204266236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmison M, Smith P, Mayall M. Researching the visual. 2nd ed. London; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Paice JA, Cohen FL. Validity of a verbally administered numeric rating scale to measure cancer pain intensity. Cancer Nurs. 1997;20(2):88–93. doi:10.1097/00002820-199704000-00002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bengtsson M. How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. NursingPlus Open. 2016;2:8–14. doi:10.1016/j.npls.2016.01.001.
   Google Scholar
• Elo S, Kaariainen M, Kanste O, Pölkki T, Utriainen K, Kyngäs H. Qualitative content analysis: a focus on trustworthiness. Sage Open. 2014;4(1):215824401452263. doi:10.1177/2158244014522633.
   Google Scholar
• Hsieh HF, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res. 2005;15(9):1277–88. doi:10.1177/1049732305276687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards L. Handling qualitative data: a practical guide. London, UK: Sage; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Rose L, Smith O, Gelinas C, Haslam L, Dale C, Luk E, Burry L, McGillion M, Mehta S, Watt-Watson J, et al. Critical care nurses’ pain assessment and management practices: a survey in Canada. Am J Crit Care. 2012;21(4):251–59. doi:10.4037/ajcc2012611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dale CM, Smith O, Burry L, Rose L. Prevalence and predictors of difficulty accessing the mouths of intubated critically ill adults to deliver oral care: an observational study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;80:36–40. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.12.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reade MC, Finfer S. Sedation and delirium in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(5):444–54. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1208705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chanques G, Jaber S, Barbotte E, Violet S, Sebbane M, Perrigault P-F, Mann C, Lefrant J-Y, Eledjam -J-J. Impact of systematic evaluation of pain and agitation in an intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(6):1691–99. [published Online First: 2006/04/21]. doi:10.1097/01.Ccm.0000218416.62457.56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myhren H, Ekeberg Ø, Toien K, Karlsson S, Stokland O. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression symptoms in patients during the first year post intensive care unit discharge. Crit Care. 2010;14(1):R14. doi:10.1186/cc8870.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakr Y, Jaschinski U, Wittebole X, Szakmany T, Lipman J, Ñamendys-Silva SA, Martin-Loeches I, Leone M, Lupu M-N, Vincent J-L, et al. Sepsis in intensive care unit patients: worldwide data from the intensive care over nations audit. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2018;5:12. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin SO, Jones JA, Brunson D, Griffin PM, Bailey WD. Burden of oral disease among older adults and implications for public health priorities. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(3):411–18. doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sciences CAoH. Improving access to oral health care for vulnerable people living in Canada. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Academy of Health Sciences; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Milbrandt EB, Eldadah B, Nayfield S, Hadley E, Angus DC. Toward an integrated research agenda for critical illness in aging. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182(8):995–1003. doi:10.1164/rccm.200904-0630CP.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry AM, Davidson PM. Beyond comfort: oral hygiene as a critical nursing activity in the intensive care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2006;22(6):318–28. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2006.04.003.
   Google Scholar
• Binkley C, Furr LA, Carrico R, McCurren C. Survey of oral care practices in US intensive care units. Am J Infect Control. 2004;32(3):161–69. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2003.05.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dale CM, Prendergast V, Gelinas C, Rose L. Validation of the critical-care pain observation tool (CPOT) for the detection of oral-pharyngeal pain in critically ill adults. J Crit Care. 2018;48:334–38. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.09.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plantinga NL, Wittekamp BHJ, Leleu K, Depuydt P, Van den Abeele A-M, Brun-Buisson C, Bonten MJM. Oral mucosal adverse events with chlorhexidine 2% mouthwash in ICU. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(4):620–21. doi:10.1007/s00134-016-4217-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose L, Haslam L, Dale C, Knechtel L, McGillion M. Behavioral pain assessment tool for critically ill adults unable to self-report pain. Am J Crit Care. 2013;22(3):246–55. doi:10.4037/ajcc2013200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen PE. The World oral health report 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century: the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Hein C, Schonwetter DJ, Iacopino AM. Inclusion of oral-systemic health in predoctoral/undergraduate curricula of pharmacy, nursing, and medical schools around the world: a preliminary study. J Dent Educ. 2011;75:1187–99.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Settineri S, Rizzo A, Liotta M, Mento C. Clinical psychology of oral health: the link between teeth and emotions. SAGE Open. 2017;7(3):2158244017728319. doi:10.1177/2158244017728319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgiou E, Hadjibalassi M, Lambrinou E, Andreou P, Papathanassoglou EDE. The impact of pain assessment on critically ill patients’ outcomes: a systematic review. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:503830. doi:10.1155/2015/503830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolcaba KY, Kolcaba RJ. An analysis of the concept of comfort. J Adv Nurs. 1991;16(11):1301–10. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01558.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry AM, Davidson PM, Nicholson L, Pasqualotto C, Rolls K. Consensus based clinical guideline for oral hygiene in the critically ill. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2011;27(4):180–85. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2011.04.005.
   Google Scholar
• Guillemin M, Gillam L. Ethics, reflexivity, and “ethically important moments” in research. Qual Inquiry. 2004;10(2):261–80. doi:10.1177/1077800403262360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todres L, Galvin KT, Holloway I. The humanization of healthcare: a value framework for qualitative research. Int J Qual Stud Health Wellbeing. 2009;4(2):68–77. doi:10.1080/17482620802646204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nouwen MJ, Klijn FA, van den Broek BT, Slooter AJC. Emotional consequences of intensive care unit delirium and delusional memories after intensive care unit admission: a systematic review. J Crit Care. 2012;27(2):199–211. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2011.07.074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandelowski M. The problem of rigor in qualitative research. Adv Nurs Sci. 1986;8(3):27–37. doi:10.1097/00012272-198604000-00005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar