Optimal load and power spectrum during snatch and clean: differences between international and national weightlifters

References

• Baechle, T. R., & Earle, R. W. (2008). Essentials of strength training and conditioning. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, D., Nance, S., & Moore, M. (2001a). The load that maximizes the average mechanical power output during explosive bench press throws in highly trained athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15, 20–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, D., Nance, S., & Moore, M. (2001b). The load that maximizes the average mechanical power output during jump squats in power-trained athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15, 92–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos, J., Poletaev, P., Cuesta, A., Pablos, C., & Carratala, V. (2006). Kinematical analysis of the snatch in elite male junior weightlifters of different weight categories. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20, 843–850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castillo, F., Valverde, T., Morales, A., Pérez-Guerra, A., De León, F., & García-Manso, J. (2012). Maximum power, optimal load and optimal power spectrum for power training in upper-body (bench press): A review. Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte, 5, 18–27.10.1016/S1888-7546(12)70005-9
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Comfort, P., Fletcher, C., & McMahon, J. J. (2012). Determination of optimal loading during the power clean, in collegiate athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26, 2970–2974.10.1519/JSC.0b013e318245bed4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cormie, P., Mccaulley, G. O., Triplett, N. T., & Mcbride, J. M. (2007). Optimal loading for maximal power output during lower-body resistance exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(2), 340–349.10.1249/01.mss.0000246993.71599.bf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cormie, P., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, R. U. (2011). Developing maximal neuromuscular power. Sports Medicine, 41, 17–38.10.2165/11537690-000000000-00000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flores, F. J., Sedano, S., de Benito, A. M., & Redondo, J. C. (2016). Validity and reliability of a 3-axis accelerometer for measuring weightlifting movements. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 11, 872–879.10.1177/1747954116676114
   Google Scholar
• Flores, F. J., Sedano, S., & Redondo, J. C. (2017). Optimal load and power spectrum during jerk and back jerk in competitive weightlifters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31, 809–816.10.1519/JSC.0000000000001544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garhammer, J. (1991). A comparison of maximal power outputs between elite male and female weightlifters in competition. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 7, 3–11.10.1123/ijsb.7.1.3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garhammer, J. (1993). A review of power output studies of olympic and powerlifting: Methodology, performance prediction, and evaluation tests. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 7, 76–89.
   Google Scholar
• González-Badillo, J. J. (1991). Halterofilia. Madrid: Comité Olímpico Español.
   Google Scholar
• Gourgoulis, V., Aggelousis, N., Mavromatis, G., & Garas, A. (2000). Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the snatch of elite Greek weightlifters. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 643–652.10.1080/02640410050082332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines, T., McBride, J. M., Skinner, J., Woodall, M., Larkin, T. R., Kirby, T. J., & Dayne, A. M. (2010). Effect of load on bar, body and system power output in the power clean. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24, 1.
   Google Scholar
• Hori, N., Newton, R. U., Andrews, W. A., Kawamori, N., McGuigan, M. R., & Nosaka, K. (2007). Comparison of four different methods to measure power output during the hang power clean and the weighted jump squat. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21, 314–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hori, N., Newton, R. U., Nosaka, K., & Stone, M. H. (2005). Weightlifting exercises enhance athletic performance that requires high-load speed strength. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 27, 50–55.10.1519/00126548-200508000-00008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jandacka, D., & Uchytil, J. (2011). Optimal load maximizes the mean mechanical power output during upper extremity exercise in highly trained soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25, 2764–2772.10.1519/JSC.0b013e31820dbc6d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawamori, N., & Haff, G. G. (2004). The optimal training load for the development of muscular power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18, 675–684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawamori, N., Rossi, S. J., Justice, B. D., Haff, E. E., Pistilli, E. E., O’Bryant, H. S., … Haff, G. G. (2006). Peak force and rate of force development during isometric and dynamic mid-thigh clean pulls performed at various intensities. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20, 483–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilduff, L. P., Bevan, H., Owen, N., Kingsley, M. I., Bunce, P., Bennett, M., & Cunningham, D. (2007). Optimal loading for peak power output during the hang power clean in professional rugby players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2, 260–269.10.1123/ijspp.2.3.260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lake, J. P., Mundy, P. D., & Comfort, P. (2014). Power and impulse applied during push press exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28, 2552–2559.10.1519/JSC.0000000000000438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBride, J. M., Haines, T. L., & Kirby, T. J. (2011). Effect of loading on peak power of the bar, body, and system during power cleans, squats, and jump squats. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29, 1215–1221.10.1080/02640414.2011.587444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBride, J. M., Triplett-McBride, T., Davie, A., & Newton, R. U. (2002). The effect of heavy- vs. light-load jump squats on the development of strength, power, and speed. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 16, 75–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nacleiro, F. (2006). Análisis de la fuerza y la potencia mecánica producida en los ejercicios con resistencias en diferentes poblaciones de deportistas a lo largo de la temporada [Analysis of the force and mechanical power produced in resistance exercises over a season with different athletes] (Master’s thesis). University of León, León (Spain).
   Google Scholar
• Pennington, J., Laubach, L., de Marco, G., & Linderman, J. (2010). Determining the optimal load for maximal power output for the power clean and snatch in collegiate male football players. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 13, 10–20.
   Google Scholar
• Sato, K., Smith, S. L., & Sands, W. A. (2009). Validation of an accelerometer for measuring sport performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23, 341–347.10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181876a01
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair, R. (1985). Normalizing the performance of athletes in olympic weightlifting. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 10, 94–98.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soriano, M. A., Jiménez-Reyes, P., Rhea, M. R., & Marín, P. J. (2015). The optimal load for maximal power production during lower-body resistance exercises: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 45, 1191–1205.10.1007/s40279-015-0341-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, M. H. (1993). Position statement: Explosive exercise and training. National Strength & Conditioning Association Journal, 15, 7–15.10.1519/0744-0049(1993)015<0007:EEAT>2.3.CO;2
   Google Scholar
• Stone, M. H., O’Bryant, H. S., Mccoy, L., Coglianese, R., Lehmkuhl, M., & Schilling, B. (2003). Power and maximum strength relationships during performance of dynamic and static weighted jumps. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17, 140–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, M. H., Pierce, K. C., Sands, W. A., & Stone, M. E. (2006). Weightlifting: A brief overview. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 28, 50–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suchomel, T. J., Beckham, G. K., & Wright, G. A. (2014). The impact of load on lower body performance variables during the hang power clean. Sports Biomechanics, 13, 87–95.10.1080/14763141.2013.861012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suchomel, T. J., Beckham, G. K., & Wright, G. A. (2015). Effect of various loads on the force-time characteristics of the hang high pull. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29, 1295–1301.10.1519/JSC.0000000000000748
   Google Scholar
• Suchomel, T. J., Comfort, P., & Stone, M. H. (2015). Weightlifting pulling derivatives: Rationale for implementation and application. Sports Medicine, 45, 823–839.10.1007/s40279-015-0314-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, C. J., & Bemben, M. G. (1999). Reliability and comparability of the accelerometer as a measure of muscular power. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 897–902.10.1097/00005768-199906000-00020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar