1,007
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Eating in an extreme environment: diet of the European hare (Lepus europaeus) on Vesuvius

ORCID Icon, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 1201-1214 | Received 26 Jul 2022, Accepted 08 Sep 2022, Published online: 14 Oct 2022

References

  • Accardo Y, Caliendo M, de Filippo G, Foresta M, Fusco L, Rusch CE, Tomaselli E, Troisi S. 2008. Il Coniglio selvatico (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nel Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio. Dalla conoscenza alla gestione. Naples, Italy: Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio, Ottaviano. p. 64.
  • Aceto S, Caputo P, Cozzolino S, Gaudio L, Moretti A. 1999. Phylogeny and evolution of orchis and allied genera based on ITS DNA variation: Morphological gaps and molecular continuity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 13(1):67–76. DOI: 10.1006/mpev.1999.0628.
  • Angelici FM, Luiselli L. 2001. Distribution and status of the apennine Hare Lepus Corsicanus in continental Italy and Sicily. Oryx 35(3):245–249. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00182.x.
  • Bagnaia R, Viglietti S, Laureti L, Giacanelli V, Ceralli D, Bianco PM, Loreto A, Luce E, Fusco L Carta della Natura della Regione Campania: Carta degli habitat alla scala 1:25.000, 2018.
  • Bártová E, Sedlak K. 2012. Toxoplasmosis in animals in the czech republic - the last 10 years, and Djurkovi Djakovi O, editor. Toxoplasmosis - recent advances. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech. p. 200. DOI: 10.5772/50022.
  • Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B. 2014. Trimmomatic: A flexible trimmer for illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30(15):2114–2120. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170.
  • Buglione M. 2017. Studio sulla nicchia ecologica di lepre italica (Lepus corsicanus). PhD thesis, Naples: University of Naples Federico II.
  • Buglione M, Maselli V, Rippa D, de Filippo G, Trapanese M, Fulgione D. 2018. A pilot study on the application of DNA metabarcoding for non-invasive diet analysis in the Italian hare. Mammalian Biology 88:31–42. DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2017.10.010.
  • Buglione M, Petrelli S, de Filippo G, Troiano C, Rivieccio E, Notomista T, Maselli V, Di Martino L, Carafa M, Gregorio R et al. 2020a. Contribution to the ecology of the Italian Hare (Lepus corsicanus). Scientific Reports 10(1):13071. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70013-1.
  • Buglione M, Petrelli S, Notomista T, de Filippo G, Gregorio R, Fulgione D. 2020b. Who is who? High Resolution melting analysis to discern between hare species using non-invasive sampling. Conservation Genetics Resources 12(4):727–732. DOI: 10.1007/s12686-020-01153-9.
  • Buglione M, Petrelli S, Troiano C, Notomista T, Rivieccio E, Fulgione D. 2020c. The diet of otters (Lutra Lutra) on the agri river system, one of the most important presence sites in Italy: A molecular approach. PeerJ 8:e9606. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9606.
  • Camacho C, Coulouris G, Avagyan V, Ma N, Papadopoulos J, Bealer K, Madden TL. 2009. BLAST+: Architecture and Applications. BMC Bioinformatics 10(1):421. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-10-421.
  • Caravaggi A, Montgomery WI, Reid N. 2015. Range expansion and comparative habitat use of insular, congeneric lagomorphs: Invasive European hares lepus Europaeus and endemic irish hares Lepus Timidus hibernicus. Biological Invasions 17(2):687–698. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0759-1.
  • Cardarelli E, Meriggi A, Brangi A, Vidus-Rosin A. 2011. Effects of arboriculture stands on european hare lepus europaeus spring habitat use in an agricultural area of Northern Italy. Acta Theriologica 56(3):229–238. DOI: 10.1007/s13364-010-0019-4.
  • Castellaro G, Orellana CL, Escanilla JP. 2021. Summer diet of horses (Equus ferus caballus Linn.), Guanacos (Lama guanicoe Müller), and European Brown Hares (Lepus europaeus Pallas) in the high andean range of the coquimbo region, Chile. Animals 11(5):1313. DOI: 10.3390/ani11051313.
  • Chagnon M, Kreutzweiser D, Mitchell EAD, Morrissey CA, Noome DA, Van der Sluijs JP. 2015. Risks of Large-scale use of systemic insecticides to ecosystem functioning and services. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22(1):119–134. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3277-x.
  • Chang E, Zozaya E, Kuijper D, Bakker J. 2005. Seed dispersal by small herbivores and tidal water: Are they important filters in the assembly of salt-marsh communities? Functional Ecology 19(4):665–673. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01.
  • Chapman J, Flux J. 1990. Rabbits, hares, and pikas: Status survey and conservation action plan. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
  • Chapuis J. 1990. Comparison of the diets of two sympatric lagomorphs, Lepus europaeus (Pallas) and Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.) in an Agroecosystem of the Ile-de-France. Z. Säugetierkd 55(3):176–185.
  • Cheeke P. 1999. Applied animal nutrition: Feeds and feeding. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
  • Coissac E. 2012. OligoTag: A program for designing sets of tags for next-generation sequencing of multiplexed samples. In: Pompanon F, Bonin A, editors. Data production and analysis in population genomics. Methods in Molecular BiologyTM. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. Vol. 888. pp. 13–31. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-870-2_2.
  • Darbyshire SJ, Francis A, Bromfield ESP, Mechanda S. 2022. The biology of canadian weeds: 158. Galega officinalis L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 102(1):160–185. DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2020-0327.
  • Davoli L, Fredi P, Russo F, Troccoli A. 2001. Natural and anthropogenic factors of flood hazards in the Somma-Vesuvius area (Italy)/Rôle des facteurs naturels et anthropiques sur les risques d’inondation autour du Vésuve-Somma (Italie). Morfo 7(3):195–207. DOI: 10.3406/morfo.2001.1102.
  • Deagle BE, Kirkwood R, Jarman SN. 2009. Analysis of Australian Fur seal diet by pyrosequencing prey DNA in faeces. Molecular Ecology 18(9):2022–2038. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04158.x.
  • De Barba M, Miquel C, Boyer F, Mercier C, Rioux D, Coissac E, Taberlet P. 2014. DNA metabarcoding multiplexing and validation of data accuracy for diet assessment: Application to omnivorous diet. Molecular Ecology Resources 14(2):306–323. DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12188.
  • De Natale G, Troise C, Pingue F, Mastrolorenzo G, Pappalardo L. 2006. The Somma–vesuvius volcano (Southern Italy): Structure, dynamics and hazard evaluation. Earth-Science Reviews 74(1–2):73–111. DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.08.001.
  • Di Gennaro A, Aronne G, De Mascellis R, Vingiani S, Sarnataro M, Abalsamo P, Cona F, Vitelli L, Arpaia G. 2002. I Sistemi Di Terre Della Campania. Monografia e Carta 1:250.000. Con Legenda. Naples, Italy: University of Naples Federico II.
  • Dierenfeld ES, Wildman REC, Romo S. 2000. Feed intake, diet utilization, and composition of Browses consumed by the Sumatran Rhino (Dicerorhinus Sumatrensis) in a North American Zoo. Zoo Biology 19(3):169–180. DOI: 10.1002/1098-2361(2000)19:3<169::AID-ZOO1>3.0.CO;2-D.
  • Doyle J, Doyle J. 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem Bulletin 19(1):11–15.
  • Ducci D, Tranfaglia G. 2008. Effects of climate change on groundwater resources in campania (Southern Italy). Geological Society, London, Special Publications 288(1):25–38. DOI: 10.1144/SP288.3.
  • Ebani VV, Poli A, Rocchigiani G, Bertelloni F, Nardoni S, Papini RA, Mancianti F. 2016. Serological survey on some pathogens in wild brown hares (Lepus europaeus) in central Italy. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 9(5):465–469. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.03.032.
  • Edwards PJ, Fletcher MR, Berny P. 2000. Review of the factors affecting the decline of the european brown hare, Lepus europaeus (Pallas, 1778) and the use of wildlife incident data to evaluate the significance of paraquat. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 79(2–3):95–103. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00153-X.
  • Farrar JS, Wittwer CT. 2017. High-Resolution Melting curve analysis for molecular diagnostics. In: Patrinos GP, editor. Molecular diagnostics: London, UK: Academic Press. pp. 79–102. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-802971-8.00006-7.
  • Frediani M, Caputo P. 2005. Phylogenetic Relationships among annual and perennial species of the genus cicer as inferred from ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Biologia plantarum 49(1):47–52. DOI: 10.1007/s10535-005-7052-1.
  • Freschi P, Fascetti S, Musto M, Cosentino C, Paolino R, Valentini V. 2015. Seasonal variation in food habits of the italian hare in a south apennine semi-natural landscape. Ethology Ecology & Evolution 1–15. DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2015.1022906.
  • Freschi P, Fascetti S, Riga F, Rizzardini G, Fortebraccio M, Ragni M, Paolino R, Cosentino C. 2022. Diet selection by the Italian hare (Lepus corsicanus de Winton, 1898) in two protected coastal areas of latium. Animals 12(6):687. DOI: 10.3390/ani12060687.
  • Fulgione D, Maselli V, Pavarese G, Rippa D, Rastogi RK. 2009. Landscape fragmentation and habitat suitability in endangered Italian hare (Lepus corsicanus) and European hare (Lepus europaeus) populations. European Journal of Wildlife Research 55(4):385–396. DOI: 10.1007/s10344-009-0256-5.
  • Goldberg AR, Conway CJ, Tank DC, Andrews KR, Gour DS, Waits LP. 2020. Diet of a rare herbivore based on DNA metabarcoding of feces: Selection, seasonality, and survival. Ecology and Evolution 10(14):7627–7643. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6488.
  • González‐Andrés F, Redondo PA, Pescador R, Urbano B. 2004. Management of Galega officinalis L. and preliminary results on its potential for milk production improvement in sheep. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 47(2):233–245. DOI: 10.1080/00288233.2004.9513591.
  • Green K, Davis NE, Robinson WA, McAuliffe J, Good RB. 2013. Diet selection by European Hares (Lepus europaeus) in the alpine zone of the snowy mountains, Australia. European Journal of Wildlife Research 59(5):693–703. DOI: 10.1007/s10344-013-0723-x.
  • Green K, Pickering C. 2013. Limited effect of hare grazing and short-term climatic variations on the most common alpine vegetation community in the snowy mountains, Australia. Plant Ecology & Diversity 6(3–4):511–522. DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2013.787466.
  • Gresta F, Wink M, Prins U, Abberton M, Capraro J, Scarafoni A, Hill G. 2017. Lupins in European cropping systems. In: Murphy-Bokern D, Stoddard FL, Watson CA, editors. Legumes in cropping systems. Wallingford: CABI. pp. 88–108. DOI: 10.1079/9781780644981.0088.
  • Hacklander K, Schai-Braun S. 2019. Lepus europaeus. The IUCN red list of threatened species 2019. DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41280A45187424.en.
  • Hackländer K, Tataruch F, Ruf T. 2002. The Effect of dietary fat content on lactation energetics in the European hare (Lepus europaeus). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 75(1):19–28. DOI: 10.1086/324770.
  • Hansen RP, Czochanska Z. 1974. Composition of the lipids of lupin seed (Lupinus angustifolius L. Var. “Uniwhite”). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 25(4):409–415. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2740250409.
  • Holechek J, Vavra M, Pieper R. 1982. Botanical composition determination of range herbivore diets: A review. Journal of Range Management 35(3):309–315. DOI: 10.2307/3898308.
  • Ingerson-Mahar JM. 2014. Relating Diet and morphology of the head, mandibles and proventriculus in adult carabid beetles. Dissertation thesis. Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. DOI: 10.7282/T3PG1Q6W.
  • Jennings N, Smith RK, Hackländer K, Harris S, White PCL. 2006. Variation in Demography, condition and dietary quality of hares lepus europaeus from high-density and low-density populations. Wildlife Biology 12(2):179–189. DOI: 10.2981/0909-6396(2006)12[179:VIDCAD]2.0.CO;2.
  • Karmiris I, Platis PD, Kazantzidis S, Papachristou TG. 2011. Diet selection by domestic and wild herbivore species in a coastal mediterranean wetland. Annales Zoologici Fennici 48(4):233–242. DOI: 10.5735/086.048.0404.
  • Kartzinel TR, Chen PA, Coverdale TC, Erickson DL, Kress WJ, Kuzmina ML, Rubenstein DI, Wang W, Pringle RM. 2015. DNA metabarcoding illuminates dietary niche partitioning by African large herbivores. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112(26):8019–8024. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503283112.
  • Kasapidis P, Suchentrunk F, Magoulas A, Kotoulas G. 2005. The shaping of mitochondrial DNA phylogeographic patterns of the brown hare (Lepus europaeus) under the combined influence of late pleistocene climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic translocations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34(1):55–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.09.007.
  • Lassmann T, Hayashizaki Y, Daub CO. 2011. SAMStat: Monitoring biases in next generation sequencing data. Bioinformatics 27(1):130–131. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btq614.
  • Lastrucci L, Landi M, Angiolini C. 2010. Vegetation analysis on wetlands in a tuscan agricultural landscape (Central Italy). Biologia 65(1):54–68. DOI: 10.2478/s11756-009-0213-5.
  • Licopoli G. 1873. Storia naturale delle piante crittogame che crescono sulle lave vesuviane. Atti della Accademia Scuola Fisiche, Matematiche 3(2):1–58.
  • Li H, Durbin R. 2009. Fast and accurate short read alignment with burrows-wheeler transform. Bioinformatics 25(14):1754–1760. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324.
  • Li H, Handsaker B, Wysoker A, Fennell T, Ruan J, Homer N, Marth G, Abecasis G, Durbin R. 2009. 1000 genome project data processing subgroup. The sequence alignment/map format and SAMtools. Bioinformatics 25(16):2078–2079. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352.
  • Luo R, Liu B, Xie Y, Li Z, Huang W, Yuan J, He G, Chen Y, Pan Q, Liu Y et al. 2012. SOAPdenovo2: An empirically improved memory-efficient short-read de novo assembler. GigaScience 1(1):18. DOI: 10.1186/2047-217X-1-18.
  • Mengoni C, Mucci N, Randi E. 2015. Genetic diversity and no evidences of recent hybridization in the endemic Italian hare (Lepus Corsicanus). Conservation Genetics 16(2):477–489. DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0674-0.
  • Mollot G, Duyck P-F, Lefeuvre P, Lescourret F, Martin J-F, Piry S, Canard E, Tixier P. 2014. Cover cropping alters the diet of arthropods in a banana plantation: A metabarcoding approach. PLoS One 9(4):e93740. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093740.
  • Musco N, Cutrignelli MI, Calabrò S, Tudisco R, Infascelli F, Grazioli R, Lo Presti V, Gresta F, Chiofalo B. 2017. Comparison of nutritional and antinutritional traits among different species (Lupinus albus L, Lupinus luteusin L, Lupinus angustifolius L.) and varieties of lupin seeds. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 101(6):1227–1241. DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12643.
  • Naldi L, Greco I, Ferretti M, Zaccaroni M. 2020. Density estimates and habitat preferences of the European hare (Lepus europaeus) on mountainous areas in Italy. Mammal Study 45(2):123. DOI: 10.3106/ms2019-0057.
  • Nomura N, Tsuyuzaki S. 2015. Hares promote seed dispersal and seedling establishment after volcanic eruptions. Acta Oecologica 63:22–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2015.02.003.
  • Pałka S, Kmiecik M, Migdał Ł, Siudak Z. 2019. The effect of a diet containing fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.) and goat’s-rue (Galega officinalis L.) on litter size and milk yield in rabbits. Science Annalen Polonica Society Animal Products 15(4):73–78. DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.6484.
  • Parton K, Bruere A. 2002. Plant poisoning of livestock in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 50(sup3):22–27. DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2002.36262.
  • Pasquale G. 1840. La Flora Del Vesuvio. Esercito Accademia Aspiranti Naturalisti 2(1):23–53.
  • Patterson DT. 1992. Effect of temperature and photoperiod on growth and reproductive development of goatsrue. Journal of Range Management 45(5):449. DOI: 10.2307/4002901.
  • Peiretti PG, Gai F. 2006. Chemical composition, nutritive value, fatty acid and amino acid contents of Galega officinalis L. during its growth stage and in regrowth. Animal Feed Science and Technology 130(3–4):257–267. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.01.007.
  • Penagos Tabares F, Bedoya Jaramillo JV, Ruiz-Cortés ZT. 2014. Pharmacological overview of galactogogues. Veterinary Medicine International 2014:1–20. DOI: 10.1155/2014/602894.
  • Pépin D, Angibault JM. 2007. Selection of resting sites by the european hare as related to habitat characteristics during agricultural changes. European Journal of Wildlife Research 53(3):183–189. DOI: 10.1007/s10344-007-0087-1.
  • Pierpaoli M, Riga F, Trocchi V, Randi E. 1999. Species distinction and evolutionary relationships of the Italian hare (Lepus corsicanus) as described by mitochondrial DNA sequencing. Molecular Ecology 8(11):1805–1817. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00766.x.
  • Pierpaoli M, Riga F, Trocchi V, Randi E. 2003. Hare populations in Europe: Intra and interspecific analysis of MtDNA variation. Comptes Rendus Biologies 326:80–84. DOI: 10.1016/S1631-0691(03)00042-8.
  • Pietri C. 2015. Range and status of the Italian hare lepus corsicanus in corsica. Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy 26(2). DOI: 10.4404/hystrix-26.2-11412.
  • Pompanon F, Deagle BE, Symondson WOC, Brown DS, Jarman SN, Taberlet P. 2012. Who is eating what: Diet assessment using next generation sequencing: NGS diet analysis. Molecular Ecology 21(8):1931–1950. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05403.x.
  • Puig S, Rosi MI, Videla F, Méndez E. 2016. Diet of brown hare (Lepus europaeus) and food availability in high andean mountains (Mendoza, Argentina). Mammalia 80(3):3. DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2014-0142.
  • Puig S, Rosi MI, Videla F, Mendez E. 2017. Flexibility in the food selection by the European hare (Lepus europaeus) along the altitudinal gradient of the southern andean precordillera (Argentina). Mammal Research 62(1):75–87. DOI: 10.1007/s13364-016-0288-7.
  • Puig S, Videla F, Cona MI, Monge SA. 2007. Diet of the brown hare (Lepus Europaeus) and food availability in northern patagonia (Mendoza, Argentina). Mammalian Biology 72(4):240–250. DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2006.08.006.
  • Reichlin T, Klansek E, Hackländer K. 2006. Diet selection by hares (Lepus europaeus) in arable land and its implications for habitat management. European Journal of Wildlife Research 52(2):109–118. DOI: 10.1007/s10344-005-0013-3.
  • Ricciardi M, Aprile G, La Valv V, Caputo G. 1986. La flora del somma‑vesuvio. Bollettino della Società dei naturalisti in Napoli 95(1):3–121.
  • Ricciardi M, Mazzoleni S, La Valva V. 2000. La flora e la vegetazione del Somma-Vesuvio. In: Ente Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio Naples (Italy), editor. Elementi di biodiversità del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio. pp. 51–65.
  • Ricciardi M, Motti R, Stinca A. 2016. Flora illustrata del Vesuvio: Storia, paesaggi, vegetazione. Doppiavoce: Napoli.
  • Santacroce R. 1987. Somma-Vesuvius, CNR, Quaderni de la Ricerca Scientifica, 114, Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica, Monografie Finali. Vol. 8. Roma, Italy: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. p. 251.
  • Schai-Braun SC, Reichlin TS, Ruf T, Klansek E, Tataruch F, Arnold W, Hackländer K. 2015. The European hare (Lepus Europaeus): A picky herbivore searching for plant parts rich in fat. PLoS ONE 10(7):e0134278. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134278.
  • Schai-Braun SC, Weber D, Hackländer K. 2013. Spring and autumn habitat preferences of active European hares (Lepus europaeus) in an agricultural area with low hare density. European Journal of Wildlife Research 59(3):387–397. DOI: 10.1007/s10344-012-0684-5.
  • Sliwinski K, Ronnenberg K, Jung K, Strauß E, Siebert U. 2019. Habitat requirements of the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas 1778) in an intensively used agriculture region (Lower Saxony, Germany). BMC Ecology 19(1):31. DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0247-7.
  • Smith AT. 2008. Conservation of endangered lagomorphs. In: Alves PC, Ferrand N, Hackländer K, editors. Lagomorph biology. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 297–315. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-72446-9_20.
  • Smith RK, Vaughan Jennings N, Harris S. 2005. A quantitative analysis of the abundance and demography of European Hares Lepus europaeus in relation to habitat type, intensity of agriculture and climate. Mammal Review 35(1):1–24. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2005.00057.x.
  • Soininen EM, Valentini A, Coissac E, Miquel C, Gielly L, Brochmann C, Brysting AK, Sønstebø JH, Ims RA, Yoccoz NG et al. 2009. Analysing diet of small herbivores: The efficiency of DNA barcoding coupled with high-throughput pyrosequencing for deciphering the composition of complex plant mixtures. Frontiers in Zoology 6(1):16. DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-6-16.
  • Stamatis C, Suchentrunk F, Moutou KA, Giacometti M, Haerer G, Djan M, Vapa L, Vukovic M, Tvrtković N, Sert H et al. 2009. Phylogeography of the brown hare (Lepus europaeus) in Europe: A legacy of South-Eastern mediterranean refugia? Journal of Biogeography 36(3):515–528. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.02013.x.
  • Storkey J, Meyer S, Still KS, Leuschner C. 2012. The impact of agricultural intensification and land-use change on the European Arable flora. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279(1732):1421–1429. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1686.
  • Taberlet P, Coissac E, Pompanon F, Gielly L, Miquel C, Valentini A, Vermat T, Corthier G, Brochmann C, Willerslev E. 2007. Power and limitations of the chloroplast TrnL (UAA) intron for plant DNA barcoding. Nucleic Acids Research 35(3):e14–e14. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl938.
  • Thulin C-G. 2003. The distribution of mountain hares Lepus timidus in Europe: A challenge from brown hares L.  europaeus?: distribution of European mountain hares. Mammal Review 33(1):29–42. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2907.2003.00008.x.
  • Trocchi V, Riga F. 2005. I lagomorfi in Italia : Linee guida per la conservazione e gestione. Ozzano dell’Emilia: Istituto Nazionale per la fauna selvatica Alessandro Ghigi.
  • Tsokana CN, Sokos C, Giannakopoulos A, Birtsas P, Valiakos G, Spyrou V, Athanasiou LV, Rodi Burriel A, Billinis C. 2020. European Brown hare (Lepus europaeus) as a source of emerging and re-emerging pathogens of public health importance: A review. Veterinary Medicine and Science 6(3):550–564. DOI: 10.1002/vms3.248.
  • Wink M, Meißner C, Witte L. 1995. Patterns of quinolizidine alkaloids in 56 species of the genus lupinus. Phytochemistry 38(1):139–153. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(95)91890-D.
  • Yokota Y, Kawata T, Iida Y, Kato A, Tanifuji S. 1989. Nucleotide sequences of the 5.8S RRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer regions in carrot and broad bean ribosomal DNA. Journal of Molecular Evolution 29(4):294–301. DOI: 10.1007/BF02103617.