7,740
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Case Reports

Hyperammonemic encephalopathy without hepatic dysfunction due to treatment with valproate: four cases and a mini review

, ORCID Icon, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 448-460 | Received 29 Sep 2017, Accepted 01 Mar 2018, Published online: 28 Mar 2018

References

  • Lewis C, Tesar GE, Dale R. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in general hospital patients with one or more psychiatric disorders. Psychosomatics. 2017;58(4):415–420.
  • Chopra A, Kolla BP, Mansukhani MP, et al. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: an update on risk factors, clinical correlates and management. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2012 May–Jun;34(3):290–298. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.12.009. Epub 2012 Feb 2.
  • Cheng M, Tang X, Wen S, et al. Valproate (VPA)-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy independent of elevated serum VPA levels: 21 cases in China from May 2000 to May 2012. Compr Psychiatry. 2013 Jul;54(5):562–567. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.11.001. Epub 2012 Dec 13.
  • Lewis C, Deshpande A, Tesar GE, et al. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: a brief review. Curr Med Res Opin. 2012;28(6):1039–1042.
  • Settle Jr EC. Valproic acid-associated encephalopathy with coma. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152(8):1236–1237.
  • Raby WN. Carnitine for valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154(8):1168–1169.
  • Eze E, Workman M, Donley B. Hyperammonemia and coma developed by a woman treated with valproic acid for affective disorder. Psychiatr Serv. 1998;49(10):1358–1359.
  • Panikkar GP, Gilman SM. Valproate-induced hyperammonemia in the psychiatric setting: 2 cases. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60(8):557–559.
  • Rottach KG, Weiss-Brummer J, Wieland U, et al. Valproic acid in prophylaxis of bipolar disorder. A case of valproate-induced encephalopathy. Nervenarzt 2000;71(5):401–403.
  • Barrueto Jr F, Hack JB. Hyperammonemia and coma without hepatic dysfunction induced by valproate therapy. Acad Emerg Med. 2001;8(10):999–1001.
  • Nicolai J, Smith SJ, Keunen RW. Simultaneous side effects of both clozapine and valproate. Intensive Care Med. 2001;27(5):943.
  • Feil D, Chuang K, Sultzer DL. Valproate-induced hyperammonemia as a cause of altered mental status. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002;10(4):476–478.
  • McCall M, Bourgeois JA. Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia: a case report. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004;24(5):521–526.
  • Elgudin L, Hall Y, Schubert D. Ammonia induced encephalopathy from valproic acid in a bipolar patient: case report. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2003;33(1):91–96.
  • Reif A, Leonhard C, Mössner R, et al. Encephalopathy and myoclonus triggered by valproic acid. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2004;28(6):1061–1063.
  • Yehya N, Saldarini CT, Koski ME, et al. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;43(8):926–927.
  • Ricard C, Martin K, Tournier M, et al. A case of Parkinsonian syndrome, cognitive impairment and hyperammonemia induced by divalproate sodium prescribed for bipolar disorder. Encephale. 2005;31(1 Pt 1):98–101.
  • Stewart JT. Treatment of valproate-induced hyperammonemia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(6):1080.
  • Kimmel RJ, Irwin SA, Meyer JM. Valproic acid-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy: a case report from the psychiatric setting. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005;20(1):57–58.
  • Carlson T, Reynolds CA, Caplan R. Case report: valproic acid and risperidone treatment leading to development of hyperammonemia and mania. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46:356–361.
  • Wadzinski J, Franks R, Roane D, et al. Valproate-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy. J Am Board Fam Med. 2007;20(5):499–502. Review.
  • Stewart JT. A case of hyperammonemic encephalopathy after 11 years of valproate therapy. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008;28(3):361–362.
  • Fan CC, Huang MC, Liu HC. Lamotrigine might potentiate valproic acid-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008;32(7):1747–1748. [Epub 2008 Jun 17].
  • Dealberto MJ, Sarazin FF. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy without cognitive sequelae: a case report in the psychiatric setting. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008;20(3):369–371.
  • Eubanks AL, Aguirre B, Bourgeois JA. Severe acute hyperammonemia after brief exposure to valproate. Psychosomatics. 2008;49(1):82–83.
  • Abreu LN, Issler C, Lafer B. Valproate-induced reversible pseudoatrophy of the brain and hyperammonemic encephalopathy in a bipolar patient. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2009;43(5):484–485.
  • Deutsch SI, Burket JA, Rosse RB. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy and normal liver functions: possible synergism with topiramate. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2009;32(6):350–352.
  • Young L, Coffey BJ. Bipolar disorder and valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in an adolescent with diabetes. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2010;20(5):449–452.
  • Sunkavalli KK, Iqbal FM, Singh B, et al. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: a case report and brief review of the literature. Am J Ther. 2013;20(5):569–571.
  • Sarlon J, Hess E, Krasnianski A. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy followed by benzodiazepine withdrawal in a patient with schizoaffective disorder: a differential diagnosis. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013 Summer;25(3):E69–E70. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.12090218.
  • Mangewala V, Sarwar S, Rosenberger R, et al. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: a case report. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2013 May;10(5–6):12–13.
  • Rodrigues-Silva N, Venâncio Â, Bouça J. Risperidone, a risk factor for valproate-induced encephalopathy? Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013 Jul–Aug;35(4):452.e5–6. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.11.009. Epub 2013 Jan 12.
  • Halaby A, Haddad R, Naja WJ. Hyperammonemia induced by interaction of valproate and quetiapine. Curr Drug Saf. 2013 Sep;8(4):284–286.
  • Twilla JD, Pierce AS. Hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to valproic acid and topiramate interaction. Case Rep Psychiatry. 2014;2014:410403. doi:10.1155/2014/410403. Epub 2014 Jul 17.
  • Selvi Y, Annagur BB, Sayin AA, et al. Valproate-related hyperammonemic encephalopathy: report of 1 case. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2014;34(3): e1.
  • Muraleedharan A, Palappallil DS, Gangadhar R, et al. Valproate induced hyperammonemic delirium. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Dec;9(12):FR01–FR03. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/15562.6883. Epub 2015 Dec 1.
  • Dawson LP, Lee SJ, Hollander YS, et al. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy associated with urinary tract infection and urinary retention in the psychiatric setting. J Psychiatry. 2016 Nov;50(11):1110. Epub 2016 Apr 7.
  • Surendran I, Sahoo S, Gupta G, et al. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in an elderly patient with bipolar disorder. J Geriatr Ment Health. 2016;3(2):172–175.
  • Ciftci S, Guler A, Deveci E, et al. A case with hyperammonemic encephalopathy triggered by single dose valproate. Neurol Sci. 2016;37(12):2017–2018.
  • Saraswathi CP, Rita J, Nambi S. A single case report on hyperammonemia induced by valproate monotherapy without hepatic dysfunction. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2017;9(4):218–219.
  • Elwadhi D, Prakash R, Gupta M. The menacing side of valproate: a case series of valproate-induced hyperammonemia. Indian J Psychol Med. 2017;39(5):668–670.
  • Nguyen H, Kitzmiller JP, Osuagwu F, et al. Valproate acid (Depakote) induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in the pediatric populations. J Pediatr Neurol Disord. 2017;3(116):2.
  • Farooq O, Zunga PM, Dar MI, et al. Non-hyperammonemic valproate encephalopathy. Ann Neurosci. 2014 Apr;21(2):76–79. doi:10.5214/ans.0972.7531.210210.
  • Gandolfo F, Parodi MN, Corsini GP, et al. Valproate-induced encephalopathy İN A comorbid elderly woman. Psychogeriatrics. 2017;17(3):208–209.
  • Patel N, Landry KB, Rachel E, et al. Reversible encephalopathy due to valproic acid induced hyperammonemia in a patient with bipolar I disorder: A cautionary report. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2017;47(1):40–44.
  • Cattaneo CI, Ressico F, Valsesia R, et al. Sudden valproate-induced hyperammonemia managed with l-carnitine in a medically healthy bipolar patient: essential review of the literature and case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(39):E8117, Review.
  • Finsterer J, Scorza FA. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on mitochondrial functions, morphology, kinetics, biogenesis, and survival. Epilepsy Res.. 2017;136:5–11.
  • Silva MFB, Ruiter JPN, Overmars H, et al. Complete beta-oxidation of valproate: cleavage of 3-oxovalproyl-CoA by a mitochondrial 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase. Biochem J. 2002;362:755–760.
  • Schrettl V, Felgenhauer N, Rabe C, et al. l-Arginine in the treatment of valproate overdose – five clinical cases. Clin. Toxicol.. 2017;55:260–266. doi:10.1080/15563650.2017.1284333.
  • Fassi G, Igoa A, Liste OA. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. review of cases in the psychiatric setting. Vertex. 2008;19(82):371–377. Review.
  • Moedas MF, Adam AAA, Farelo MA, et al. Advances in methods for characterization of hepatic urea cycle enzymatic activity in HepaRG cells using UPLC-MS/MS. Anal Biochem. 2017;535:47–55.
  • Luís PB, Ruiter J, IJlst L, et al. Valproyl-CoA inhibits the activity of ATP-and GTP-dependent succinate: CoA ligases. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2014;37(3):353–357.
  • Dekker SE, Nikolian VC, Sillesen M, et al. Different resuscitation strategies and novel pharmacologic treatment with valproic acid in traumatic brain injury. J. Neurosci. Res. 2018;96:711–719.
  • Ivanovski I, Ješić M, Ivanovski A, et al. Metabolically based liver damage pathophysiology in patients with urea cycle disorders – A new hypothesis. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(44):7930–7938.
  • Hung CC. Hypothyroidism exacerbating valproate induced hyperammonemic delirium, an unknown clinical concern. Neuropsychiatry (London). 2016;6(6):412–416.
  • Kumar A, Suri A, Sharma BS. Severe valproate induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy successfully managed with peritoneal dialysis. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2014;18(7):461–463.
  • Kasapkara ÇS, Kangin M, Tas FF, et al. Unusual cause of hyperammonemia in two cases with short-term and long-term valproate therapy successfully treated by single dose carglumic acid. J Pediatric Neurosci. 2013;8:250. doi:10.4103/1817-1745.123697.
  • Fernández Colomer B, Rekarte García S, García López JE, et al. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in a neonate: treatment with carglumic acid. An Pediatr (Barc). 2014 Oct;81(4):251–255. doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.09.015. Epub 2013 Dec 4.
  • Chu T, Zhou H, Lu L, et al. Valproic acid-mediated neuroprotection and neurogenesis after spinal cord injury: from mechanism to clinical potential. Regen Med. 2015;10(2):193–209.