References
- Aberbach, Joel D., and Bert A. Rockman. 1989. “On the Rise, Transformation, and Decline of Analysis in the US Government.” Governance: An International Journal of Policy and Administration 2 (3): 293–314. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.1989.tb00094.x.
- Besha, Patrick. 2010. “Policy Making in China’s Space Program: A History and Analysis of the Chang’e Lunar Orbiter Project.” Space Policy 26: 214–221. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2010.08.005.
- Biukovic, Ljjiljana. 2008. “Selective Adaptation of WTO Transparency Norms and Local Practices in China and Japan.” Journal of International Economic Law 11 (4): 803–825. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgn028.
- Bonnin, Michel, and Yves Chevrier. 1991. “The Intellectual and the State: Social Dynamics of Intellectual Autonomy during the Post-Mao Era.” The China Quarterly 127: 569–593. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000031064.
- Brans, Marleen and David Aubin. 2017. Introduction: Policy analysis in Belgium: tradition, comparative features, and trends. In Policy Analysis in Belgium Edited by Marleen Brans and David Aubin. Bristol: Policy Press and Bristol University Press. 1-10.
- Bressers, D., M. J. W. van Twist, M. A. van der Steen, and J. M. Schulz. 2018. “The Contested Autonomy of Policy Advisory Bodies: The Trade-Off between Autonomy and Control of Policy Advisory Bodies in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Sweden.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Public Administration and Management in Europe, edited by Edoardo Ongaro and Sandra van Thiel, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. 1189–1211.
- Brown, David S. 1972. “The Management of Advisory Committees: An Assignment for the ‘70’s.” Public Administration Review 32 (4): 334–342. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/974994.
- Cai, Yongshun. 2008. “Local Governments and the Suppression of Popular Resistance in China.” The China Quarterly 193: 24–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741008000027.
- Cao, Cong. 2018. GMO China: How Global Debates Transformed China’s Agricultural Biotechnology Policies. New York: Columbia University Press.
- CCPCC (China Communist Party Central Committee). 2004. “Decision to Strengthen the Party’s Governance Capacity.” http://zg.people.com.cn/GB/34727/39321/39325/2914472.html
- CCPCC (China Communist Party Central Committee) and State Council. 2009. “Opinions to Deepen the Health Care System Reform.” March 17. http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2009-04/06/content_1278721.htm
- CCPCC (China Communist Party Central Committee) and State Council. 2015. “Opinion to Strengthen the Construction of Think Tanks of Chinese Characteristics.” January 21. http://news.xinhuanet.com/zgjx/2015-01/21/c_133934292_2.htm
- CCP Publicity Department. 2016. Investigation and Research is a Basic Skill (调查研究是一项基本功) Major Speeches by General Secretary Xi Jinping (Chinese). Beijing: Xuexi Chubanshe (Learning Publishing House). Renmin Chubanshe (People’s Publishing House).
- China Endemiology Journal (中国地方病防治杂志). 2005. Records of Membership Change of the Ministry of Health Expert Advisory Committee (卫生部地方病专家咨询委员会换届会议纪要). 2 (1): 96.
- Craft, Jonathan, and Matt Wilder. 2017. “Catching a Second Wave: Context and Compatibility in Advisory System Dynamics.” The Policy Studies Journal 45 (1): 215–239. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12133.
- Craft, Jonathan, and Michael Howlett. 2012. “Policy Formulation, Governance Shifts and Policy Influence: Location and Content in Policy Advisory Systems.” Journal of Public Policy 32 (2): 79–98. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X12000049.
- Damme, Jan Van, Marleen Brans, and Ellen Fobé. 2011. “Balancing Expertise, Societal Input and Political Control in the Production of Policy Advice: A Comparative Study of Education Councils in Europe.” Haldus-kultuur-Administrative Culture 12 (2): 126–145.https://www.eunec.eu/sites/www.eunec.eu/files/attachment/files/article_hkac.pdf
- Deng, Xiaoping. 1977. “Respect Knowledge and Respect Talents.” In Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Vol. II, Hunan,China:Renmin Chubanshe (People's Publishing House), 40–41.
- Deng, Xiaoping. 1980. “Reform of the Party and State Leadership.” In Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Vol. II, Hunan, China: Renmin Chubanshe (People's Publishing House). 320–343.
- Dommett, Katharine, and Matthew Flinders. 2015. “The Politics of Quangocide.” Policy & Politics 43 (1): 3–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1332/030557314X13946412301792.
- Dunlop, Claire A. 2010. “Epistemic Communities and Two Goals of Delegation: Hormone Growth Promoters in the European Union.” Science and Public Policy 37 (3): 205–217. doi:https://doi.org/10.3152/030234210X497681.
- Dunlop, Claire A. 2017. “The Irony of Epistemic Learning: Epistemic Communities, Policy Learning and the Case of Europe’s Hormones Saga.” Policy and Society 36 (2): 215–232. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2017.1322260.
- Dunlop, Claire A., and Claudio M. Radaelli. 2018. “Does Policy Learning Meet the Standards of an Analytical Framework of the Policy Process?” The Policy Studies Journal 46 (S1): S48–S68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12250.
- European Commission. 2015. “Strengthening Evidence Based Policy Making through Scientific Advice.” https://ec.europa.eu/research/sam/pdf/strengthening_evidence_based_policy_making.pdf
- Feng, Wang, Baochang Gu, and Yong Cai. 2016. “The End of China’s One-Child Policy.” Studies in Family Planning 47 (1): 83–86. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2016.00052.x.
- Francesch-Huidobro, Maria, and Qianqing Mai. 2012. “Climate Advocacy Coalitions in Guangdong, China.” Administration & Society 44 (6S): 43–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399712460068.
- Froissart, Chloé. 2019. “From Outsiders to Insiders: The Rise of China ENGOs as New Experts in the Law-Making Process and the Building of a Technocratic Representation.” Journal of Chinese Governance 4 (3): 207–232. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2019.1638686.
- Ginsberg, Wendy, and Burgat Casey. 2016. Federal Advisory Committees: An Introduction and Overview. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. https://digital.library.unt.edu
- Goldman, Merle. 1981. China’s Intellectuals: Advice and Dissent. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Goldman, Merle. 1999. “Politically-Engaged Intellectuals in the 1990s.” The China Quarterly 159: 700–711. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000003441.
- Greenhalgh, Trisha, and Jill Russell. 2009. “Evidence-Based Policymaking: A Critique.” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 52 (2): 304–318. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.0.0085.
- Grimmelikhuijsen, Stephen, Gregory Porumbescu, Boram Hong, and Tobin Im. 2013. “The Effect of Transparency on Trust in Government: A Cross-National Comparative Experiment.” Public Administration Review 73 (4): 575–586. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12047.
- Hammond, Daniel R. 2013. “Policy Entrepreneurship in China’s Response to Urban Poverty.” Policy Studies Journal 41 (1): 119–146. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12005.
- Han, Shuangmiao, and Fugui Ye. 2017. “China’s Education Policymaking: A Policy Network Perspective.” Journal of Education Policy 32 (4): 389–413. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2017.1291998.
- Home Affairs Bureau (Hong Kong). 2003. “Review of the Roles and Functions of Public Sector Advisory and Statutory Bodies.” Accessed April 4, 2021. https://www.hab.gov.hk/file_manager/en/documents/whats_new/advisory_and_statutory_bodies/ASBmempaper.pdf
- Jasanoff, Sheila. 1990. The Fifth Branch: Science Advisers as Policymakers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Jayasuriya, Kanishka, and Garry Rodan. 2007. “Beyond Hybrid Regimes: More Participation, Less Contestation in Southeast Asia.” Democratization 14 (5): 773–794.
- Jenkins-Smith, Hank C. 1989. Democratic Politics and Policy Analysis. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
- Jia, Hepeng. 2010. “Chinese Green Light for GM Rice and Maize Prompts Outcry.” Nature Biotechnology 28: 390–391. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0510-390b.
- Korfmacher, Katrina Smith, and Tomas M. Koontz. 2003. “Collaboration, Information and Preservation: The Role of Expertise in Farmland Preservation Task Forces.” Policy Sciences 36: 213–236. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/B:OLIC.0000017465.67811.6d.
- Krick, Eva. 2015. “Negotiated Expertise in Policy-Making: How Governments Use Hybrid Advisory Committees.” Science and Public Policy 42 (4): 487–500. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scu069.
- Lam, Wai Fung, and Kwan Nok Chan. 2015. “How Authoritarianism Intensifies Punctuated Equilibrium: The Dynamics of Policy Attention in Hong Kong.” Governance 28 (4): 549–570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12127.
- Lavertu, Stephane, Daniel E. Walters, and Weimer David. 2011. “Scientific Expertise and the Balance of Political Interests: MEDCAC and Medicare Coverage Decisions.” Journal of Public Administration, Research and Theory 22 (2011): 55–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mur033.
- Levidow, Les, and Susan Carr. 2007. “Europeanising Advisory Expertise: The Role of ‘Independent, Objective and Transparent’ Scientific Advice in Agri-Biotech Regulation.” Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 25: 880–895. doi:https://doi.org/10.1068/c05123.
- Li, Wei, and Christopher M. Weible. 2019. “China’s Policy Processes and Advocacy Coalition Framework.” Policy Studies Journal. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12369.
- Li, Wei, and Wilson Wong. 2020. “Advocacy Coalitions, Policy Stability, and Policy Change in China: The Case of Birth Control Policy (1980–2015).” Policy Studies Journal. 48 (3): 645-671. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12329.
- Lynn, Frances M., and George J. Busenberg. 1995. “Citizen Advisory Committees and Environmental Policy: What We Know, What’s Left to Discover.” doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00309.x.
- Meijer, Albert. 2013. “Understanding the Complex Dynamics of Transparency.” Public Administration Review 73 (3): 429–439. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12032.
- Mertha, Andrew. 2009. “‘Fragmented Authoritarianism 2.0’: Political Pluralization in the Chinese Policy Process.” The China Quarterly 200: 995–1012. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741009990592.
- Miners, Norman.1998. The government and politics of Hong Kong/ 5th ed., with post-handover update / by James T.H. Tang Hong Kong; New York: Oxford University Press.
- Ministry of Civil Affairs. 2016. “Announcement about Recruiting Members for the 2nd National Urban-Rural Community Building Expert Committees”. http://www.mca.gov.cn/article/zwgk/tzl/201607/20160700001205.shtml.
- Ministry of Education. 2014. “The Charter of the National Ethnicity Education Expert Committee.” http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A09/s7046/201408/t20140819_174348.html
- Ministry of Health. 2010b. “Management Measures of Disease Prevention and Control Expert Committee of the Ministry of Health.” https://www.nitag-resource.org/sites/default/files/c360f92688a4e76fc24b1a94395185b365aef757_1.pdf
- Ministry of Health. 2011. “Management Measures of Public Health Crisis Management Expert Advisory Committee of the Ministry of Health.” March 10. Accessed August 26, 2019. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yjb/s7859/201103/8f99ac98fa7641cebeb5a882cf751a52.shtml
- Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. 2016. “Notice to Establish the Urban Planning Expert Committee.” February 29. Accessed August 27, 2019. http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/wjfb/201603/t20160302_226803.html
- Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. 2016. “The Member List of the Urban Designing Expert Committee.” http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/wjfb/201603/t20160302_226803.html
- Morton, Sarah, and Seditas Karen. 2018. “Evidence Synthesis for Knowledge Exchange: Balancing Responsiveness and Quality in Providing Evidence for Policy and Practice.” Evidence & Policy 14 (1): 155–167. doi:https://doi.org/10.1332/174426416X14779388510327.
- National Forestry Bureau. 2004. “Operation By-Law of the National Forestry Bureau Expert Advisory Committee.” March 18. http://www.forestry.gov.cn/portal/main/govfile/13/govfile_1001.html.
- Naughton, Barry. 2002. “China’s Economic Think Tanks: Their Changing Role in the 1990s.” The China Quarterly 171: 625–635. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009443902000396.
- NEPAC (National Environmental Protection Advisory Committee). 2006. “The Charter of the National Environmental Protection Advisory Committee.” December 7. http://kjs.mep.gov.cn/kjghzc/200612/t20061207_97103.shtml
- NFPC (National Family Planning Commission). 1986. China Family Planning Yearbook. Beijing: Renmin Weisheng Chubanshe.
- NFSRAEC (National Food Safety Risk Assessment Expert Committee). 2011. “Charter for the National Food Safety Risk Assessment Expert Committee.” April 19. http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/sps/s3585/201403/ed81757bec5146538a5f1a8c73758eb4.shtml
- NHFPC (National Health and Family Planning Commission). 2014. “The Charter of the Population Health Informatization Expert Advisory Committee.” January 21. http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/guihuaxxs/s10741/201401/49103602e0e04d5db1da881129b4d76d.shtml
- NNSA (National Nuclear Safety Administration). 2006. “Minutes of Meetings of the Nuclear Safety and Environment Expert Committee.” Document No. 54. October 8. http://www.mep.gov.cn/gkml/zj/haq/200910/t20091022_172813.htm
- NPFPC (National Population and Family Planning Commission). 2008. “Work Rules of National Population and Family Planning Commission.” 国家人口和计划生育委员会工作规则. Accessed April 4, 2021. http://www.gov.cn/zfjs/2008-04/18/content_947824.htm
- Nutley, Sandra M., Isabel, Walter, and Huw T. O. Davies. 2007. Using Evidence: How Research Can Inform Public Services. Bristol: Policy Press.
- OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2017. Policy Advisory Systems: Supporting Good Governance and Sound Public Decision Making. OECD Public Governance Reviews. Paris: OECD Publishing.
- Parkhurst, Justin O. 2016. “Appeals to Evidence for the Resolution of Wicked Problems: The Origins and Mechanisms of Evidential Bias.” Policy Sciences 49 (4): 373–393. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-016-9263-z.
- PCSSBEC (Public Cultural Service System Building Expert Committee). 2011. “The Charter of the National Public Cultural Service System Building Expert Committee.” September 9. http://www.qhwh.gov.cn/system/2011/09/26/000479678.shtml
- Polsby, Nelson W. 1968. “The Institutionalization of the U.S. House of Representatives.” The American Political Science Review 62 (1): 144–168. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1953331.
- Rasmussen, Anne, and Vlad Gross. 2015. “Biased Access? Exploring Selection to Advisory Committees.” European Political Science Review 7 (3): 343–372. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773914000228.
- Sarkki, Simo, Niemela Jari, Tinch Rob, Sybille van den Hove, Allan Watt, and Juliette Young. 2014. “Balancing Credibility, Relevance and Legitimacy: A Critical Assessment of Trade-Offs in Science-Policy Interfaces.” Science and Public Policy 41: 194–206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/sct046.
- Shambaugh, David. 2001. “The Dynamics of Elite Politics during the Jiang Era.” The China Journal 45: 101–111. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/3182371.
- State Council. 2018. “State Council Work Rules.” June 25, Document No. 21. Accessed August 26, 2019. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2018-07/02/content_5302908.htm
- State Council. 2019. “Temporary Decree of Major Administrative Decision-making Procedure (Zhongda Xingzheng Juece Chengxu Zanxing Tiaoli).” April 20, Document No. 713. Accessed August 26, 2019. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2019-05/08/content_5389670.htm
- State Council Customs Tariff Commission Office. 1999. Zou Jiayi Attended the SCCTCEAC Meeting and Gave Speeches. Accessed August 26, 2019. http://kjs.mof.gov.cn/mofhome/mof/zhengwuxinxi/tupianxinwen1/201905/t20190521_3262177.htm
- Teets, Jessica, and Hurst William. 2015. “Introduction: The Politics and Patterns of Policy Diffusion in China.” In Local Governance Innovation in China Experimentation, Diffusion, and Defiance, edited by Teets Jessica and Hurst William. CRC Press. 1–24.
- U.K. Cabinet Office. 2016. “Governance Code on Public Appointments.” Accessed April 4, 2021. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/578498/governance_code_on_public_appointments_16_12_2016.pdf
- Veit, Sylvia, Thurid, Hustedt, and Tobias Bach. 2017. “Dynamics of Change in Internal Policy Advisory Systems: The Hybridization of Advisory Capacities in Germany.” Policy Sciences 50 (1): 85–103. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-016-9266-9.
- Wan, Li. 1986. “Democratic and Scientific Policymaking Is a Major Theme of Political System Reform.” August 15. Renmin Ribao (People’s Daily).
- Wang, Ning. 2011a. “The Making of an Intellectual Hero: Chinese Narratives of Qian Xuesen.” The China Quarterly 206: 353–371. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741011000300.
- Wang, Shaoguang. 2011b. “Learning through Practice and Experimentation: The Financing of Rural Health Care.” In Mao’s Invisible Hand – The Political Foundations of Adaptive Governance in China, edited by Sebastian Heilmann and Elizabeth J. Perry, 102–137. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press.
- Weimer, David L. 2005. “Institutionalizing Neutrally Competent Policy Analysis: Resources for Promoting Objectivity and Balance in Consolidating Democracies.” The Policy Studies Journal 33 (2): 131–146. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2005.00098.x.
- Weimer, David L. 2010. Medical Governance: Values, Expertise, and Interests in Organ Transplantation. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
- Wu, Xiaolong, Daili L. Yang, and Lijun Chen. 2017. “The Politics of Quality-of-Life Issues: Food Safety and Political Trust in China.” Journal of Contemporary China 26: 601–615. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2017.1274827.
- Xi, Jinping. 2014. “Push Forward Extensive and Multi-Layer Institutionalized Development of Consultative Democracy (推进协商民主广泛多层制度化发展).” Xi Jinping Discusses Governing the Country (习近平谈治国理政) II: 291–298. http://www.12371.cn/special/blqs/xjptzglz/
- Xue, Lan, Xufeng Zhu, and Wanqu Han. 2018. “Embracing Scientific Decision Making: The Rise of Think-Tank Policies in China.” Pacific Affairs 91 (1): 49–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.5509/201891149.
- Yu, Haiyuan. 1987. “The Endemiology Expert Advisory Committee and China Epidemiology Research Center of Ministry of Health Has Been Established in Ha’Erbing.” China Epidemiology Journal 2 (2): 78.
- Zhao, Litao. 2018. “China’s World Class 2.0: Towards More Institutionalized and Participatory Policymaking?” The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 36 (1): 5–27.
- Zheng, Haitao, Martin De Jong, and Joop Koppenjan. 2010. “Applying Policy Network Theory to Policy-Making in China: The Case of Urban Health Insurance Reform.” Public Administration 88 (2): 398–417. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2010.01822.x.
- Zheng, Jingshan, Yuqing Zhou, Huaqing Wang, and Xiaofeng Liang. 2010. “The Role of the China Experts Advisory Committee on Immunization Program.” Vaccine 28S: A84–A87. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.039.
- Zhu, Xufeng. 2011. “Government Advisors or Public Advocates? Roles of Think Tanks in China from the Perspective of Regional Variations.” The China Quarterly 207: 668–686. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741011000701.
- Zhu, Xufeng. 2013. “Policy Change and Expert Involvement in China.” Public Administration 91 (2): 281–302. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2011.01976.x.
- Zhu, Xufeng, and Lan Xue. 2007. “Think Tanks in Transitional China.” Public Administration and Development 27 (5): 452–464. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.465.
- Zunino, Hugo Marcelo. 2006. Power Relations in Urban Decision-making: Neo-liberalism, ‘Techno-politicians’ and Authoritarian Redevelopment in Santiago, Chile. Urban Studies. 43(10): 1825–1846. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980600838184.