612
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The Role of Binocularity in Anisometropic Amblyopia

&
Pages 141-152 | Received 05 May 2019, Accepted 09 Aug 2019, Published online: 05 Sep 2019

References

  • Loudon SE, Simonsz HJ. The history of the treatment of amblyopia. Strabismus. 2005;13(2):14. doi:10.1080/09273970590949818.
  • Ansons AM, Davis H. Diagnosis and Management of Ocular Motility Disorders. Third ed. UK: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2001:233–238.
  • von Noorden GK, Campos EC. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility. Theory and Management of Strabismus. Sixth ed. United States: Mosby; 2002.
  • Hubel D, Wiesel T. David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel. Neuron. 2012;75:182–184. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.07.002.
  • Wiesel T, Hubel D. Comparison of the effects of unilateral and bilateral eye closure on cortical unit responses in kittens. J Neurophysiol. 1965;28(6):12. doi:10.1152/jn.1965.28.6.1029.
  • Sengpiel F. Plasticity of the visual cortex and treatment of amblyopia. Curr Biol. 2014;24:R396–R940. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.070.
  • Tailor V, Bossi M, Greenwood J, Dahlmann-Noor A. Childhood amblyopia: current management and new trends. Br Med Bull. 2016;119:75–86. doi:10.1093/bmb/ldw030.
  • Barrett B, Bradley A, Candy T. The relationship between anisometropia and amblyopia. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2013;36:120–158. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.05.001.
  • Levi D. Visual processing in amblyopia: human studies. Strabismus. 2006;14:11–19. doi:10.1080/09273970500536243.
  • Wong A. New concepts concerning the neural mechanism of amblyopia and their clinical implications. Can J Ophthalmol. 2012;47:399–409. doi:10.1016/j.jcjo.2012.05.002.
  • Daw NW. Critical periods and amblyopia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998;116(4):4. doi:10.1001/archopht.116.4.502.
  • Hess R, Thompson B, Baker D. Binocular vision in amblyopia, structure, suppression and plasticity. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2014;2014:146–162. doi:10.1111/opo.12123.
  • Birch E. Amblyopia and binocular vision. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2013;33:67–84. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.11.001.
  • McKee S, Harrad R. Fusional suppression in normal and stereoanomalous observers. Vision Res. 1993;33(12):1645–1658. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90030-z.
  • Wallace D, Lazar E, Melia M, et al. Stereoacuity in children with anisometropic amblyopia. J Aapos. 2011;15:455–461. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.06.007.
  • Levi D, McKee S, Movshon J. Visual deficits in anisometropia. Vision Res. 2011;51:48–57. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2010.09.029.
  • Caputo R, Frosini R, De Libero C, Campa L, Febbrini Del Magra E, Secci J. Factors influencing severity of and recovery from anisometropic amblyopia. Strabismus. 2007;15:209–214. doi:10.1080/09273970701669983.
  • Weakley D. The association between nonstrabismic anisometropia, amblyopia, and subnormal binocularity. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:163–171. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00425-5.
  • Hardman Lea S, Snead M, Loades J, Rubinstein M. Microtropia versus bifoveal fixation in anisometropic amblyopia. Eye. 1991;5:8. doi:10.1038/eye.1991.73.
  • Atkinson J. Human visual development over the first 6 months of life. A review and a hypothesis. Hum Neurobiol. 1984;3:14.
  • Atkinson J. Early visual development: differential functioning of parvocellular and magnocellular pathways. Eye. 1992;6:7. doi:10.1038/eye.1992.28.
  • Sloper J. The other side of amblyopia. J Aapos. 2016;20:1.e1–1.e13. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2015.09.013.
  • Holmes J, Clarke M. Amblyopia. Lancet. 2006;367:1343–1351. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68581-4.
  • Barrett B, Bradley A, McGraw P. Understanding the neural basis of amblyopia. Neuroscientist. 2004;10(2):106–117. doi:10.1177/1073858403262153.
  • Oral Y, Ozgur O, Akcay L, Ozbas M, Dogan O. Congenital ptosis and amblyopia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2010;47(2):4. doi:10.3928/01913913-20100308-08.
  • Subramanian V, Jost RM, Birch EE. A quantitative study of fixation stability in amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vision Sci. 2013;54:6.
  • Chung ST, Kumar G, Li RW, Levi DM. Characteristics of fixational eye movements in amblyopia: limitations in fixation stability and acuity? Vision Res. 2015;114:12. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2015.01.016.
  • South J, Gao T, Collins A, Turuwhenua J, Robertson K, Black J. Aniseikonia and anisometropia: implications for suppression and amblyopia. Clin Exp Optometry. 2019;10. doi:10.111/cxo.12881.
  • Kiorpes L, McKee S. Neural mechanisms underlying amblyopia. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1999;9:480–486.
  • Lewis T, Maurer D. Effects of early pattern deprivation on visual development. Optometry Vision Sci. 2009;86(6):640–646. doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181a7296b.
  • Hess R, Thompson B. Amblyopia and the binocular approach to its therapy. Visual Res. 2015;114:4–16.
  • Farivar R, Zhou J, Huang Y, Feng L, Zhou Y, Hess R. Two cortical deficits underlie amblyopia: a multifocal fMRI analysis. NeuroImage. 2017;1–10. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.045.
  • Levi D. Linking assumptions in amblyopia. Vis Neurosci. 2013;30:277–287. doi:10.1017/S0952523813000023.
  • Li X, Mullen K, Thompson B, Hess R. Effective connectivity anomalies in human amblyopia. NeuroImage. 2011;54:505–516. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.053.
  • Allen B, Spiegel DP, Thompson B, Pestilli F, Rokers B. Altered white matter in early visual pathways of humans with amblyopia. Vision Res. 2015;114:8.
  • Brascamp J, Klink P, Levelt W. The ‘laws’ of binocular rivalry – 50 years of Levelt’s propositions. Vision Res. 2015;109:20–37. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2015.02.019.
  • Holopigian K. Clinical suppression and binocular rivalry suppression: the effects of stimulus strength on the depth of suppression. Vision Res. 1989;29(10):1325–1333. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(89)90189-2.
  • Ding J, Levi D. Rebalancing binocular vision in amblyopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2014;34:199–213. doi:10.1111/opo.12115.
  • Lunghi C, Berchicci M, Morrone MC, Di Russo F. Short-term monocular deprivation alters early components of visual evoked potentials. J Physiol. 2015;593(19):12. doi:10.1113/JP270950.
  • Lunghi C, Morrone MC, Secci J, Caputo R. Binocular rivalry measured 2 hours after occlusion therapy predicts recovery rate of the amblyopic eye in anisometropic children. Invest Ophthalmol Vision Sci. 2016;57:19.
  • Zhou J, Clavagnier S, Hess R. Short-term monocular deprivation strengthens the patched eye’s contribution to binocular contribution. J Vis. 2013;13(12):11. doi:10.1167/13.5.12.
  • Zhou J, He Z, Wu Y, et al. Inverse occlusion: a binocularly motivated treatment for amblyopia. Neural Plast. 2019:12. doi:1155/2019/5157628.
  • Fahle M. Binocular rivalry: suppression depends on orientation and spatial frequency. Vision Res. 1982;22:787–800. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(82)90010-4.
  • Li J, Thompson B, Lam C, et al. The role of suppression in amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vision Sci. 2011;52:4169–4176. doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7233.
  • Kwon M, Lu Z, Miller A, Kazlas M, Hunter D, Bex P. Assessing binocular interaction in amblyopia and its clinical feasibility. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(6):e100156. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100156.
  • Narasimhan S, Harrison E, Giaschi D. Quantitative measurement of interocular suppression in children with amblyopia. Vision Res. 2012;66:1–10. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2012.06.007.
  • Li S, Morale S, Jost R, De A, Cruz L, Birch E. Binocular treatment of amblyopia reduces severity of suppression to improve visual acuity. J Aapos. 2014;18(4(105)):e33. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2014.07.107.
  • Huang C, Zhou J, Lu Z, Zhou Y. Deficient binocular combination reveals mechanisms of anisometropic amblyopia: signal attentuation and interocular inhibition. J Vis. 2011;11(6):1–17. doi:10.1167/11.6.4.
  • Levi D, Li R. Improving the performance of the amblyopic visual system. Philos R Soc B. 2009;364:399–407. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0203.
  • Levi D, Knill D, Bavelier D. Stereopsis and amblyopia: a mini-review. Vision Res. 2015;114:17–30. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2015.01.002.
  • Levi D, Harwerth R, Smith E. Binocular interactions in normal and anomalous binocular vision. Documenta Ophthalmologica. 1980;49:303–324.
  • Hou C, Pettet MW, Norcia AM. Acuity-independent effects of visual deprivation on human visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(30):8. doi:10.1073/pnas.1404361111.
  • McKee S, Levi D, Movshon J. The pattern of visual deficits in amblyopia. J Vis. 2003;3:380–405. doi:10.1167/3.5.5.
  • Fawcett S, Birch E. The validity of the Titmus and Randot circles tasks in children with known binocular vision disorders. J Aapos. 2003;7(5):333–338. doi:10.1016/S1091853103001708.
  • Agrawal R, Conner I, Odom J, Schwartz T, Mendola J. Relating binocular and monocular vision in strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124:844–850. doi:10.1001/archopht.124.6.844.
  • Newsham D, O’Connor A. Assessment of the density of suppression to identify risk of intractable diplopia in the United Kingdom. Strabismus. 2016;24(2):45–50. doi:10.3109/09273972.2016.1170048.
  • Giaschi D, Lo R, Narasimhan S, Lyons C, Wilcox LM. Sparing of coarse stereopsis in stereodeficient children with history of amblyopia. J Vis. 2013;13(17):15. doi:10.1167/13.10.17.
  • Wong E, Levi D, McGraw P. Spatial interactions reveal inhibitory cortical networks in human amblyopia. Vision Res. 2005;45:2810–2819. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2005.06.008.
  • Piano M, Bex P, Simmers A. Perceptual visual distortions in adult amblyopia and their relationship to clinical features. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56:5533–5542. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-17071.
  • Piano M, Bex P, Simmers A. Perceived visual distortions in juvenile amblyopes during/following routine amblyopia treatment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;56:4045–4054. doi:10.1167/iovs.16-19210.
  • Meier K, Giasch D. Unilateral amblyopia affects two eyes: fellow eyes deficits in amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vision Sci. 2017;58:1779–1800.
  • van Leeuwen R, Eijkemans M, Vingerling J, Hoffman A, de Jong P, Simonsz H. Risk of bilateral visual impairment in individuals with amblyopia: the Rotterdam Study. British J Ophthalmol. 2007;91:1450–1451. doi:10.1136/bjo.2006.113670.
  • Repka M, Kraker R, Holmes J, et al. Atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia follow up at 15 years of age of a randomized trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014;132(7):799–805. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.392.
  • Stewart C, Moseley M, Stephens D, Fielder A. Treatment dose-response in amblyopia therapy; the monitored occlusion treatment of amblyopia study (MOTAS). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:3048–3054. doi:10.1167/iovs.04-0250.
  • Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Risk of amblyopia recurrence after cessation of treatment. J Aapos. 2004;8:420–428. doi:10.1016/S1091-8531(04)00161-2.
  • Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Two year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:149–157. doi:10.1001/archopht.123.2.149.
  • Dayan E, Censor N, Buch E, Sandrini M, Cohen L. Noninvasive brain stimulation: from physiology to network dynamics and back. Nat Neurosci. 2013;16(7):838–844. doi:10.1038/nn.3422.
  • Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of levodopa as treatment of residual amblyopia in older children. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(5):874–881. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.01.002.
  • Thompson B, Mansouri B, Koski L, Hess R. Brain plasticity in the adult: modulation of function in amblyopia with rTMS. Curr Biol. 2008;18:1067–1071. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.052.
  • Awadein A, Fakhry M. Changes in binocular function in anisometropic nonstrabismic children with optical correction and occlusion therapy. J Aapos. 2011;15:545–550. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.07.008.
  • Zhao W, Jia W, Chen G, et al. A complete investigation of monocular and binocular functions in clinically treated amblyopia. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):10682–10690.
  • Vedamurthy I, Nahum M, Huang S, et al. A dichoptic custom-made action video game as a treatment for adult amblyopia. Vision Res. 2015;114:173–187. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2015.04.008.
  • Li J, Thompson B, Deng D, Chan L, Yu M, Hess R. Dichoptic training enables the adult amblyopic brain to learn. Curr Biol. 2013;23(8):R308–R309. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.059.
  • Bossi M, Tailor V, Anderson E, et al. Binocular therapy for childhood amblyopia improves vision without breaking interocular suppression. Invest Ophthalmol Vision Sci. 2017;58:3031–3043. doi:10.1167/iovs.16-20913.
  • Mansouri B, Singh P, Globa A, Pearson P. Binocular training reduces amblyopic visual acuity impairment. Strabismus. 2014;22(1):1–6. doi:10.3109/09273972.2013.877945.
  • Knox P, Simmers A, Gray L, Clery M. An exploratory study: prolonged periods of binocular stimulation can provide an effective treatment for childhood amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:817–824. doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8219.
  • Rajavi Z, Sabbaghi H, Sharifi E, Behradfar N, Yaseri M. The role of interactive binocular treatment system in amblyopia therapy. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2016;28:217–222. doi:10.1016/j.joco.2016.07.005.
  • Gao T, Guo C, Babu R, et al. Effectiveness of binocular video game vs. placebo video game for improving visual functions in older children, teenagers, and adults with amblyopia. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018;136(2):172–181. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.6090.
  • Holmes J, Manh V, Lazar E, et al. Effect of a binocular iPad game vs part-time patching in children aged 5 to 12 years with amblyopia. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(12):1402–1408. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.4224.
  • Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of binocular Dig Rush game treatment for amblyopia in children aged 7 to 12 years. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(3):11.
  • Herbison N, MacKeith D, Vivian A, et al. Randomised controlled trial of video clips and interactive games to improve vision in children with amblyopia using the I-Bit system. British J Ophthalmol. 2016;100:6. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307798.
  • Tsirlin I, Colpa L, Goltz H, Wong AM. Behavioral training as new treatment for adult amblyopia: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56:14.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.