Eccentric Fixation and Inverse Occlusion: Renewing Our Interest?

References

• Bullock KE, Hughes VA. Another look at pleoptics in St. Gallen and Giessen. Br Orthopt J. 1966;23:96–99.
   Google Scholar
• Godts DJM, Mathysen DGP. Amblyopia with eccentric fixation: Is inverse occlusion still an option? Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility. 2019. doi:10.1080/2576117X.2018.1563450
   Google Scholar
• Daw N. Visual Development. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Wong A. Timing of surgery for infantile esotropia: sensory and motor outcomes. Can J Ophthalmol. 2008;43:643–651. doi:10.3129/i08-115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burian HM. Thoughts on the nature of amblyopia ex anopsia. Am Orthopt J. 1956;6:5–12.
   Google Scholar
• Macera CA, Shaffer R, Shaffer PM. Introduction to Epidemiology: Distribution and Determinants of Disease. USA: Delmar Cengage Learning; 2013:182.
   Google Scholar
• Francis J, James M. Amblyopic treatment. Am Orthopt J. 1955;5:61–64.
   Google Scholar
• Lyle TK. Annotation: pleoptics. Br J Ophthalmol. 1964;48:695–698. doi:10.1136/bjo.48.12.695.
   Google Scholar
• Scully J. Non-central fixation in squinting children. Br J Ophthalmol. 1961;45:741–753. doi:10.1136/bjo.45.11.741.
   Google Scholar
• Parks MM, Friendly DS. Treatment of eccentric fixation in children under four years of age. Am J Ophthalmol. 1966;61:395–399. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(66)91044-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nawratzki I. Treatment of Amblyopia, in Orthoptics: Past, Present and Future. Transactions of the Third International Orthoptic Congress. Boston 1975. USA: Stratton Intercontinental Medical Book Corporation; 1976:93–97.
   Google Scholar
• Von Noorden GK. Pathophysiology of amblyopia: diagnostic and therapeutic principles of pleoptics. Am Orthopt J. 1960;10:7–16. doi:10.1080/0065955X.1960.11981303.
   Google Scholar
• Von Noorden GK. Occlusion therapy in amblyopia with eccentric fixation. Arch Ophthal. 1965;73:776–781. doi:10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030778005.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Worth C. Squint: Its Causes, Pathology, and Treatment. 2nd ed. London, UK: John Bale, Sons & Danielsson, Ltd. Oxford House; 1905:35–77.
   Google Scholar
• Wybar K, Thatcher B. Significance of eccentric fixation in squint. Br J Ophthalmol. 1960;44:472–491. doi:10.1136/bjo.44.8.472.
   Google Scholar
• Von Noorden GK, Mackensen G. Phenomenology of eccentric fixation. Am J Ophthalmol. 1962;53:642–665. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(62)91987-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn JT, Vereecken E. Amblyopia therapy; results at the giessen clinic. Br J Ophthalmol. 1967;51:804. doi:10.1136/bjo.51.12.804.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byron HM. Results of pleoptics in the management of amblyopia with eccentric fixation. Arch Ophthal. 1960;63:675–681. doi:10.1001/archopht.1960.00950020677009.
   Google Scholar
• Malik SRK, Gupta AK, Choudhry S, Sen DK. Red filter treatment in eccentric fixation. Br J Ophthalmol. 1968;52:839–842. doi:10.1136/bjo.52.11.839.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havener WH, Harris WR. The management of suppression amblyopia. Am Orthopt J. 1961;11:5–14.
   Google Scholar
• Daily RK, Daily L. Treatment of amblyopia. Am Orthopt J. 1959;9:36–42.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson G, Katzin HM. Observations of pleoptic diagnosis and treatment. Am Orthopt J. 1960;10:17–27.
   Google Scholar
• Fowler F. The treatment of amblyopia. Am Orthopt J. 1956;6:19–28.
   Google Scholar
• Brinker WR, Katz SL. A new and practical treatment of eccentric fixation: a preliminary study. Am J Ophthalmol. 1963;55:1003–1035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Noorden GK. The etiology and pathogenesis of fixation anomalies in strabismus. Trans Am Ophthamol Soc. 1969;67:698.
   Google Scholar
• Malik SRK, Gupta AK, Grover VK. Occlusion therapy in amblyopia with eccentric fixation. Br J Ophthalmol. 1970;54:41–45. doi:10.1136/bjo.54.1.41.
   Google Scholar
• Arruga A. Effect of occlusion of the amblyopic eye on amblyopia and eccentric fixation. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. 1962;82:45–61.
   Google Scholar
• AAOT and AOC Annual Joint Meeting. Symposium: pleoptics in the treatment of strabismus. Published in Am Orthopt J. 1959;10:5–62. Oct 11, .
   Google Scholar
• Dayson A. Occlusion in treatment of eccentric fixation. Br Orthopt J. 1968;25:66–74.
   Google Scholar
• Binder HF. Orthoptic practice in Europe. Am Orthopt J. 1959;9:43–48.
   Google Scholar
• Cowle JB, KUnst JH, Philpotts AM. Trial with red filter in the treatment of eccentric fixation. Br J Ophthalmol. 1967;51:165–168. doi:10.1136/bjo.51.3.165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clements DB. Treatment of eccentric fixation by the use of a red filter. Br J Ophthalmol. 1968;52:929–931. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(70)91283-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart CE, Fielder AR, Stephens DA, Moseley MJ. Treatment of unilateral amblyopia: factors influencing visual outcome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:3152–3160. doi:10.1167/iovs.05-0357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cibis L, Windsor C. Passive amblyopia therapy. Am Orthopt J. 1967;17:56–61.
   Google Scholar
• Von Noorden GK. Etiology and pathogenesis of fixation anomalies in strabismus I: relationship between eccentric fixation and anomalous retinal correspondence. Am J Ophthalmol. 1970;69:210–222. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(70)91281-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Noorden GK. Etiology and pathogenesis of fixation anomalies in strabismus II: paradoxic fixation, occlusion amblyopia and microstrabismus. Am J Ophthalmol. 1970;69:223–227. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(70)91282-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Noorden GK. Etiology and pathogenesis of fixation anomalies in strabismus III: subjective localization. Am J Ophthalmol. 1970;69:228–236. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(70)91283-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veronneau-Troutman S, Dayanoff SS, Stohler T, Clahane AC. Conventional occlusion vs pleoptics in the treatment of amblyopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1974;78:117–120. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(74)90019-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VerLee DL, Iacobucci I. Pleoptics vs occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol. 1967;63(2):244–250. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(67)91544-9.
   Google Scholar
• Bredemeyer HG, Bullock K. Orthoptics: Theory and Practice. St Louis: Mosby; 1968:175.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson G. The practical management of suppression amblyopia. Am Orthopt J. 1971;21:21–26.
   Google Scholar
• Brodsky MC. Caulsality in the systems era of pediatric ophthalmology: the Buddha’s smile. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;150:305–309. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2010.04.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian V, Jost RM, Birch EE. A quantitative study of fixation stability in amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:1989–2003. doi:10.1167/iovs.12-11054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickmann A, Petroni S, Perrotta V, et al. A morpho-functional study of amblyopic eyes with the use of optical coherence tomography and microperimetry. J Aapos. 2011;15:338–341. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.03.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koylu MT, Ozge G, Kucukevcilioglu M, et al. Fixation characteristics of severe amblyopia subtypes: which one is worse?. Semin Ophthalmol. 2017;32:553–558. doi:10.3109/08820538.2015.1123739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes, Holmes JM, Manh VM, et al. Effect of a binocular iPad game vs part-time patching in children aged 5 to 12 years with amblyopia. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(12):1391–1400. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.4262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parks MM, Pullen RM. Recent development in sensory testing. Am Orthopt J. 1965;15:85–94. doi:10.1080/0065955X.1965.11981491.
   Google Scholar