References
- Adem, S., Eyupoglu, V., Sarfraz, I., Rasul, A., & Ali, M. (2020). Identification of potent COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors from natural polyphenols: An in silico strategy unveils a hope against CORONA. Preprints. doi:https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202003.0333.v1
- Alanagreh, L. A., Alzoughool, F., & Atoum, M. (2020). The human coronavirus disease COVID-19: Its origin, characteristics, and insights into potential drugs and its mechanisms. Pathogens, 9(5), 331. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050331
- Alsuliman, T., Sulaiman, R., Ismail, S., Srour, M., & Alrstom, A. (2020). COVID-19 paraclinical diagnostic tools: Updates and future trends. Current Research in Translational Medicine, 68(3), 83–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retram.2020.06.001
- Al-Tawfiq, J. A., Al-Homoud, A. H., & Memish, Z. A. (2020). Remdesivir as a possible therapeutic option for the COVID-19. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 34, 101615. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101615
- Aly, O. M. (2020). Molecular docking reveals the potential of aliskiren, dipyridamole, mopidamol, rosuvastatin, rolitetracycline and metamizole to inhibit COVID-19 virus main protease. ChemRxiv, Preprint. doi:https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12061302.v1
- Anand, K., Ziebuhr, J., Wadhwani, P., Mesters, J. R., & Hilgenfeld, R. (2003). Coronavirus main proteinase (3CLpro) structure: Basis for design of anti-SARS drugs. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5626), 1763–1767. doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1085658
- Anderson, A. C. (2003). The process of structure-based drug design. Chemistry & Biology, 10(9), 787–797. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2003.09.002
- Belouzard, S., Chu, V. C., & Whittaker, G. R. (2009). Activation of the SARS coronavirus spike protein via sequential proteolytic cleavage at two distinct sites. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(14), 5871–5876. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809524106
- Bogoch, I. I., Watts, A., Thomas-Bachli, A., Huber, C., Kraemer, M. U., & Khan, K. (2020). Pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: Potential for international spread via commercial air travel. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(2), taaa008. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa008
- Cao, B., Wang, Y., Wen, D., Liu, W., Wang, J., Fan, G., … Li, X. (2020). A trial of lopinavir–ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(19), 1787–1799. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001282
- Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Cuomo, A., Dulebohn, S. C., & Di Napoli, R. (2020). Features, evaluation and treatment coronavirus (COVID-19). In Statpearls [internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing.
- Chang, Y. C., Tung, Y. A., Lee, K. H., Chen, T. F., Hsiao, Y. C., Chang, H. C., … Shih, S. S. (2020). Potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19 based on the analysis of protease and RNA polymerase docking. Preprints. doi:https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202002.0242.v1
- Channappanavar, R., & Perlman, S. (2017). Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: Causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. In Seminars in immunopathology (Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 529–539). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-017-0629-x
- China News Network. (2020, February 5). The team of Li Lanjuan: Abidor and Darunavir can effectively inhibit coronavirus. Retrieved from http://www.sd.chinanews.com/2/2020/0205/70145.html
- Chu, C. M., Cheng, V. C. C., Hung, I. F. N., Wong, M. M. L., Chan, K. H., Chan, K. S., … Peiris, J. S. M. (2004). Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: Initial virological and clinical findings. Thorax, 59(3), 252–256. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax.2003.012658
- Cockrell, A. S., Beall, A., Yount, B., & Baric, R. (2017). Efficient reverse genetic systems for rapid genetic manipulation of emergent and preemergent infectious coronaviruses. In Reverse genetics of RNA viruses (pp. 59–81). New York, NY: Humana Press.
- Coleman, C. M., Sisk, J. M., Mingo, R. M., Nelson, E. A., White, J. M., & Frieman, M. B. (2016). Abelson kinase inhibitors are potent inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion. Journal of Virology, 90(19), 8924–8933. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01429-16
- de Wilde, A. H., Jochmans, D., Posthuma, C. C., Zevenhoven-Dobbe, J. C., van Nieuwkoop, S., Bestebroer, T. M., … Snijder, E. J. (2014). Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 58(8), 4875–4884. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.03011-14
- de Wit, E., van Doremalen, N., Falzarano, D., & Munster, V. J. (2016). SARS and MERS: Recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. Nature Reviews. Microbiology, 14(8), 523–534. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81
- Dorward, J., & Gbinigie, K. (2020). Lopinavir/ritonavir: A rapid review of effectiveness in COVID-19.
- Elmezayen, A. D., Al-Obaidi, A., Şahin, A. T., & Yelekçi, K. (2020). Drug repurposing for coronavirus (COVID-19): In silico screening of known drugs against coronavirus 3CL hydrolase and protease enzymes. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1758791
- Falzarano, D., De Wit, E., Martellaro, C., Callison, J., Munster, V. J., & Feldmann, H. (2013). Inhibition of novel β coronavirus replication by a combination of interferon-α2b and ribavirin. Scientific Reports, 3, 1686. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01686
- Farag, A., Wang, P., Ahmed, M., & Sadek, H. (2020). Identification of FDA approved drugs targeting COVID-19 virus by structure-based drug repositioning. ChemRxiv, Preprint. doi:https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12003930.v1
- Fehr, A. R., & Perlman, S. (2015). Coronaviruses: An overview of their replication and pathogenesis. In Coronaviruses (pp. 1–23). New York, NY: Humana Press.
- Ferron, F., Subissi, L., De Morais, A. T. S., Le, N. T. T., Sevajol, M., Gluais, L., … Imbert, I. (2018). Structural and molecular basis of mismatch correction and ribavirin excision from coronavirus RNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(2), E162–E171. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718806115
- Gendrot, M., Javelle, E., Le Dault, E., Clerc, A., Savini, H., & Pradines, B. (2020). Chloroquine as prophylactic agent against COVID-19? International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 55(6), 105980. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105980
- Grein, J., Ohmagari, N., Shin, D., Diaz, G., Asperges, E., Castagna, A., … Nicastri, E. (2020). Compassionate use of remdesivir for patients with severe COVID-19. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(24), 2327–2336. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2007016
- Hamming, I., Timens, W., Bulthuis, M. L. C., Lely, A. T., Navis, G. J., & van Goor, H. (2004). Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. The Journal of Pathology, 203(2), 631–637. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1570
- Hart, B. J., Dyall, J., Postnikova, E., Zhou, H., Kindrachuk, J., Johnson, R. F., … Hensley, L. (2014). Interferon-β and mycophenolic acid are potent inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in cell-based assays. The Journal of General Virology, 95(Pt 3), 571–577. doi:https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.061911-0
- Holshue, M. L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., Lofy, K. H., Wiesman, J., Bruce, H., … Diaz, G. (2020). First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(10), 929–936.
- Ibrahim, I. M., Abdelmalek, D. H., Elshahat, M. E., & Elfiky, A. A. (2020). COVID-19 spike-host cell receptor GRP78 binding site prediction. Journal of Infection, 80(5), 554–562. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.026
- Jeffers, S. A., Tusell, S. M., Gillim-Ross, L., Hemmila, E. M., Achenbach, J. E., Babcock, G. J., … Ambrosino, D. M. (2004). CD209L (L-SIGN) is a receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(44), 15748–15753. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403812101
- Jiang, F., Deng, L., Zhang, L., Cai, Y., Cheung, C. W., & Xia, Z. (2020). Review of the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35(5), 1545–1545. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05762-w
- Jin, Z., Du, X., Xu, Y., Deng, Y., Liu, M., Zhao, Y., … Duan, Y. (2020). Structure of Mpro from COVID-19 virus and discovery of its inhibitors. bioRxiv, Preprint. doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.26.964882
- Khaerunnisa, S., Kurniawan, H., Awaluddin, R., Suhartati, S., & Soetjipto, S. (2020). Potential inhibitor of COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) from several medicinal plant compounds by molecular docking study. Preprint. doi:https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202003.0226.v1
- Khalili, J. S., Zhu, H., Mak, N. S. A., Yan, Y., & Zhu, Y. (2020). Novel coronavirus treatment with ribavirin: Groundwork for an evaluation concerning COVID‐19. Journal of Medical Virology, 92(7), 740–746. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25798
- Li, X., Geng, M., Peng, Y., Meng, L., & Lu, S. (2020). Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 10(2), 102–108. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.001
- Liu, J., Wu, P., Gao, F., Qi, J., Kawana-Tachikawa, A., Xie, J., … Gao, G. F. (2010). Novel immunodominant peptide presentation strategy: A featured HLA-A*2402-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope stabilized by intrachain hydrogen bonds from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. Journal of Virology, 84(22), 11849–11857. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01464-10
- Liu, M., Jin, Z., Du, X., Xu, Y., Deng, Y., Zhao, Y., … Yu, J. (2020). Structure-based drug design, virtual screening and high-throughput screening rapidly identify antiviral leads targeting COVID-19. bioRxiv, Preprint.
- Lu, H., Stratton, C. W., & Tang, Y. W. (2020). Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan China: The mystery and the miracle. Journal of Medical Virology, 92(4), 401–402. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25678
- Macchiagodena, M., Pagliai, M., & Procacci, P. (2020). Identification of potential binders of the main protease 3CLpro of the COVID-19 via structure-based ligand design and molecular modeling. Chemical Physics Letters, 750, 137489. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137489
- Mercorelli, B., Palù, G., & Loregian, A. (2018). Drug repurposing for viral infectious diseases: how far are we? Trends in Microbiology, 26(10), 865–876. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2018.04.004
- Mousavizadeh, L., & Ghasemi, S. (2020). Genotype and phenotype of COVID-19: Their roles in pathogenesis. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.022
- Muralidharan, N., Sakthivel, R., Velmurugan, D., & Gromiha, M. M. (2020). Computational studies of drug repurposing and synergism of lopinavir, oseltamivir and ritonavir binding with SARS-CoV-2 Protease against COVID-19. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1752802
- Perlman, S., & Netland, J. (2009). Coronaviruses post-SARS: Update on replication and pathogenesis. Nature Reviews. Microbiology, 7(6), 439–450. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2147
- Phan, L. T., Nguyen, T. V., Luong, Q. C., Nguyen, T. V., Nguyen, H. T., Le, H. Q., … Pham, Q. D. (2020). Importation and human-to-human transmission of a novel coronavirus in Vietnam. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(9), 872–874. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2001272
- Read, R. (2020). Flawed methods in “COVID-19: Attacks the 1-beta chain of hemoglobin and captures the porphyrin to inhibit human heme metabolism.” ChemRxiv, Preprint. doi:https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12120912.v2
- Richman, D. D., Whitley, R. J. and Hayden, F. G. (Eds.). (2016). Clinical virology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
- Rothan, H. A., & Byrareddy, S. N. (2020). The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmunity, 109, 102433. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433
- Sallard, E., Lescure, F. X., Yazdanpanah, Y., Mentre, F., Peiffer-Smadja, N., Florence, A. D. E. R., … Bouadma, L. (2020). Type 1 interferons as a potential treatment against COVID-19. Antiviral Research, 178, 104791. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104791
- Shaghaghi, N. (2020). Molecular docking study of novel COVID-19 protease with low risk terpenoides compounds of plants. ChemRxiv, Preprint. doi:https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.11935722.v1
- Sheahan, T. P., Sims, A. C., Leist, S. R., Schäfer, A., Won, J., Brown, A. J., … Spahn, J. E. (2020). Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. Nature Communications, 11(1), 1–14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13940-6
- Singhal, T. (2020). A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 87(4), 281–286. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6
- Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O'Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., … Agha, R. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery, 76, 71–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034
- Song, F., Shi, N., Shan, F., Zhang, Z., Shen, J., Lu, H., … Shi, Y. (2020). Emerging 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia. Radiology, 295(1), 210–217. doi:https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200274
- Sui, J., Deming, M., Rockx, B., Liddington, R. C., Zhu, Q. K., Baric, R. S., & Marasco, W. A. (2014). Effects of human anti-spike protein receptor binding domain antibodies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralization escape and fitness. Journal of Virology, 88(23), 13769–13780. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02232-14
- Tang, F., Quan, Y., Xin, Z. T., Wrammert, J., Ma, M. J., Lv, H., … Cao, W. C. (2011). Lack of peripheral memory B cell responses in recovered patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: A six-year follow-up study. Journal of Immunology, 186(12), 7264–7268. doi:https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0903490
- Thiel, V., Ivanov, K. A., Putics, A., Hertzig, T., Schelle, B., Bayer, S., … Gorbalenya, A. E. (2003). Mechanisms and enzymes involved in SARS coronavirus genome expression. The Journal of General Virology, 84(Pt 9), 2305–2315. doi:https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19424-0
- Totura, A. L., & Bavari, S. (2019). Broad-spectrum coronavirus antiviral drug discovery. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 14(4), 397–412. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17460441.2019.1581171
- Tyrrell, D. A., & Myint, S. H. (1996). Coronaviruses. In Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). Galveston, TX: University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
- ul Qamar, M. T., Alqahtani, S. M., Alamri, M. A., & Chen, L. L. (2020). Structural basis of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and anti-COVID-19 drug discovery from medicinal plants. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 10(4), 313–319.
- Victoria, R. (2020). 3D visualization of COVID-19 surface released for researchers. Drug Target Reviews.
- Walls, A. C., Park, Y. J., Tortorici, M. A., Wall, A., McGuire, A. T., & Veesler, D. (2020). Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Cell, 181(2), 281–292.e6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.058
- Wenzhong, L., & Hualan, L. (2020). COVID-19: Attacks the 1-beta chain of hemoglobin and captures the porphyrin to inhibit human heme metabolism. ChemRxiv, Preprint. doi:https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.11938173.v6
- Wu, C. Y., Jan, J. T., Ma, S. H., Kuo, C. J., Juan, H. F., Cheng, Y. S. E., … Liang, F. S. (2004). Small molecules targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(27), 10012–10017. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403596101
- Yang, H., Yang, M., Ding, Y., Liu, Y., Lou, Z., Zhou, Z., … Gao, G. F. (2003). The crystal structures of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus main protease and its complex with an inhibitor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(23), 13190–13195. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1835675100
- Zhou, P., Yang, X. L., Wang, X. G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., … Chen, H. D. (2020). A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 579(7798), 270–273. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7