Abortion and contraceptive use stigma: a cross-sectional study of attitudes and beliefs in secondary school students in western Kenya

References

• World Health Organization. Adolescent pregnancy; 2014. [cited 2018 Oct 8]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs364/en.
   Google Scholar
• Kenya Ministry of Health. National adolescent sexual and reproductive health policy report; 2015. [cited 2018 Oct 8]. Available from: http://aphrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Ministry-of-Health-ASRH-Booklet-Final-1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ganchimeg T, Ota E, Morisaki N, et al. Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among adolescent mothers: a World Health Organization multicountry study. BJOG. 2014;121(Suppl 1):40–48. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12630
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). Kenya demographic and health survey 2014; 2015. [cited 2019 Jan 8]. Available from: https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/fr308/fr308.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• The World Bank. Adolescent fertility rate; 2015. [cited 2019 Jan 8]. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.ADO.TFRT.
   Google Scholar
• National Council for Law Reporting (NCLR) Kenya. The constitution of Kenya; 2010. [cited 2018 Oct 18]. Available from: http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/ke/ke019en.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, et al. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2:e323–e333. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health, Kenya. Incidence and complications of unsafe abortion in Kenya: key findings of a national study; 2013. [cited 2019 Jan 8]. Available from: https://www.guttmacher.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/abortion-in-kenya.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Educational. Scientific and cultural organization. Emerging evidence, lessons and practice in comprehensive sexuality education: a global review; 2015. [cited 2019 Jan 8]. Available from: https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/CSE_Global_Review_2015.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Sidze E, Stillman M, Keogh S, et al. From Paper to practice: sexuality education policies and their implementation in Kenya. New York (NY): Guttmacher Institute; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Norris A, Bessett D, Steinberg JR, et al. Abortion stigma: a reconceptualization of constituents, causes, and consequences. Womens Health Issues. 2011;21(3 Suppl):S49–S54. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2011.02.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• November L, Sandall J. ‘Just because she’s young, it doesn’t mean she has to die’: exploring the contributing factors to high maternal mortality in adolescents in Eastern Freetown; a qualitative study. Reprod Health. 2018;15(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s12978-018-0475-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rehnstrom Loi U, Lindgren M, Faxelid E, et al. Decision-making preceding induced abortion: a qualitative study of women’s experiences in Kisumu, Kenya. Reprod Health. 2018;15(1):166. doi: 10.1186/s12978-018-0612-6
   Google Scholar
• Rehnstrom Loi U, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Faxelid E, et al. Health care providers’ perceptions of and attitudes towards induced abortions in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia: a systematic literature review of qualitative and quantitative data. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:139. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1502-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blodgett M, Weidert K, Nieto-Andrade B, et al. Do perceived contraception attitudes influence abortion stigma? Evidence from Luanda, Angola. SSM Popul Health. 2018;5:38–47. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.05.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farmer DB, Berman L, Ryan G, et al. Motivations and constraints to family planning: a qualitative study in Rwanda’s Southern Kayonza district. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2015;3(2):242–254. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakansson M, Oguttu M, Gemzell-Danielsson K, et al. Human rights versus societal norms: a mixed methods study among healthcare providers on social stigma related to adolescent abortion and contraceptive use in Kisumu, Kenya. BMJ Glob Health. 2018;3(2):e000608. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar M, Huang KY, Othieno C, et al. Adolescent pregnancy and challenges in Kenyan context: perspectives from multiple community stakeholders. Glob Soc Welf. 2018;5(1):11–27. doi: 10.1007/s40609-017-0102-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Exploring Kenya’s inequalities Nairobi, Kenya; 2013. [cited 2019 Jan 8]. Available from: http://www.knbs.or.ke/download/exploring-kenya-inequality-national-report/.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health Kenya. Adolescent sexual and reproductive health in Kisumu County; 2016. [cited 2019 Jan 8]. Available from: https://www.afidep.org/resource-centre/downloads/fact-sheets/adolescent-sexual-reproductive-health-kisumu-county-2/.
   Google Scholar
• Makenzius M, Oguttu M, Romild U. Stigma related to contraceptive use and abortion in Kenya: Scale development and validation. Submitted in April 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Munakampe MN, Zulu JM, Michelo C. Contraception and abortion knowledge, attitudes and practices among adolescents from low and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):909. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3722-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adongo PB, Tabong PT, Azongo TB, et al. A comparative qualitative study of misconceptions associated with contraceptive use in southern and northern Ghana. Front Public Health. 2014;2:137. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00137
   Google Scholar
• Machiyama K, Huda FA, Ahmmed F, et al. Women’s attitudes and beliefs towards specific contraceptive methods in Bangladesh and Kenya. Reprod Health. 2018;15(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s12978-018-0514-7
   Google Scholar
• Wafula SW. Regional differences in unmet need for contraception in Kenya: insights from survey data. BMC Womens Health. 2015;15:86. doi: 10.1186/s12905-015-0240-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziraba AK, Izugbara C, Levandowski BA, et al. Unsafe abortion in Kenya: a cross-sectional study of abortion complication severity and associated factors. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15(34). Published 2015 Feb 15 DOI:101186/s12884-015-0459-6.
   Google Scholar
• Loll D, Hall KS. Differences in abortion attitudes by policy context and between men and women in the world values survey. Women Health. 2019;59(5):465–480. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2018.1508539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore AM, Jagwe-Wadda G, Bankole A. Men’s attitudes about abortion in Uganda. J Biosoc Sci. 2011;43(1):31–45. doi: 10.1017/S0021932010000507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel CJ, Kooverjee T. Abortion and contraception: attitudes of South African university students. Health Care Women Int 2009;30(6):550–568. doi: 10.1080/07399330902886105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelman A, Rosenfeld EA, Nikolajski C, et al. Abortion stigma among low-income women obtaining abortions in western Pennsylvania: a qualitative assessment. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2017;49(1):29–36. doi: 10.1363/psrh.12014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrington EK, Dworkin S, Withers M, et al. Gendered power dynamics and women’s negotiation of family planning in a high HIV prevalence setting: a qualitative study of couples in western Kenya. Cult Health Sex. 2016;18(4):453–469. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2015.1091507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall KS, Morhe E, Manu A, et al. Factors associated with sexual and reproductive health stigma among adolescent girls in Ghana. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0195163. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar