Inherited cultural capital and growth aspirations in Tanzanian business at the bottom of the pyramid

References

• Acquaah, M. (2012). Social networking relationships, firm-specific managerial experience and firm performance in a transition economy: A comparative analysis of family owned and nonfamily firms. Strategic Management Journal, 33(10), 1215–1228. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.1973
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acquah Obeng, B., & R. K. Blundel. (2015). Evaluating enterprise policy interventions in Africa: A critical review of Ghanian small business support services. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(2), 416–435. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12072
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler, P. S., & S. W. Kwon. (2002). Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17–40. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2002.5922314
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arregle, J. L., B. Batjargal, M. A. Hitt, J. W. Webb, T. Miller, & A. S. Tsui. (2015). Family ties in entrepreneurs’ social networks and new venture growth. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(2), 313–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajema, D. H., W. W. Miller, & D. L. Williams. (2002). Aspirations of rural youth. Journal of Agricultural Education, 43(3), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2002.03061
   Google Scholar
• Batjargal, B. (2003). Social capital and entreprenurial performance in Russia: A longitudinal study. Organization Studies, 24(4), 535–556. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840603024004002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battilana, J., B. Leca, & E. Boxenbaum. (2009). How actors change institutions. Towards a theory of institutional entrepreneurship. The Academy of Management Annals, 3(1), 65–107. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520903053598
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begley, T. M., & D. P. Boyd. (1987). Psychological characteristics associated with performance in entrepreneurial firms and smaller businesses. Journal of Business Venturing, 2(1), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(87)90020-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boden, A. J., & A. R. Nucci. (2000). On the survival prospects of men’s and women’s new business ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(4), 347–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00004-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosma, N., J. Hessels, V. Schutjens, M. Van Praag, & I. Verheul. (2012). Entrepreneurship and role models. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), 410–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. (1986). Forms of capital”. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). New York.
   Google Scholar
• Brush, C., L. F. Edelman, T. Manolova, & F. Welter. (2019). A gendered look at entrepreneurship ecosystems. Small Business Economics, 53(2), 393–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-9992-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruton, G. D. (2010). Business and the world’s poorest billion – The need for an expanded examination by management scholars. Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(3), 6–10. https://DOI:10.5465/AMP.2010.52842947
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruton, G. D., D. J. Ketchen Jr., & R. D. Ireland. (2013). Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(6), 683–689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulte, E., R. Lensink, & N. Vu. (2017). Do gender and business trainings affect business outcomes? Experimental evidence from Vietnam. Management Science, 63(9), 2885–2902. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2472
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidsson, P. (1991). Continued entrepreneurship: Ability, need, and opportunity as, determinants of small firm growth. Journal of Business Venturing, 6(6), 405–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(91)90028-C
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidsson, P., & B. Honig. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(3), 301–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00097-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Graaf, N. D., P. M. De Graaf, & G. Kraaykamp. (2000). Parental cultural capital and educational attainment in the Netherlands: A refinement of the cultural capital perspective. Sociology of Education, 73(2), 92–111. https://doi.org/10.2307/2673239
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delmar, F., & J. Wiklund. (2008, May). The effect of small business managers’ growth motivation on firm growth: A longitudinal study. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(3), 437–457. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00235.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutt, N., O. Hawn, E. Vidal, A. Chatterji, A. McGahan, & W. Mitchell. (2016). How open system intermediaries address institutional failures: The case of business incubators in emerging-market countries. Academy of Management Journal, 59(3), 818–840. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.0463
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efendic, A., T. Mickiewicz, & A. Rebmann. (2015). Growth aspirations and social capital: Young firms in a post-conflict environment. International Small Business Journal, 33(5), 537–561. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242613516987
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engel, Y., M. Kaandorp, & T. Elfring. (2017). Toward a dynamic process model of entrepreneurial networking under uncertainty. Journal of Business Venturing, 32(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2016.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erikson, R., & J. H. Goldthorpe. (2002). Intergenerational inequality: A sociological perspective. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(3), 31‐44. https://doi.org/10.1257/089533002760278695
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estrin, S., J. Korosteleva, & T. Mickiewicz. (2013). Which institutions encourage entrepreneurial growth aspirations? Journal of Business Venturing, 28(4), 564–580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.05.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, G., J. N. O. Khayesi, & M. R. Tahinyi Haas. (2016). Bringing Africa in: Promising directions for management research. Academy of Management Journal, 59(2), 377–393. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2016.4002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gimeno, J., T. B. Folta, A. C. Cooper, & C. Y. Woo. (1997). Survival of the fittest? Entrepreneurial human capital and the persistence of underperforming firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(4), 750–783. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393656
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goel, S., & R. Karri. (2020). Entrepreneurial aspirations and poverty reduction: The role of institutional context. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 32(1–2), 91–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2019.1640484
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Jr., W. C. Black, W. J. Babin, R. E. Anderson, & R. L. Tatham. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Hout, M., & H. Rosen. (2000). Self-employment, family background, and race. The Journal of Human Resources, 35(4), 670–692. https://doi.org/10.2307/146367
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Labour Organization. (2003). Tanzanian women entrepreneurs: Going for growth. https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/2003/103B09_58_engl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs, J. A., D. Karen, & K. McClelland. (1991). The dynamics of young men’s career aspirations. Sociological Forum, 6(4), 609–639. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01114404
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, D., & J. Creech. (1983). Ordinal measures in multiple indicator models: A simulation study of categorization error. American Sociological Review, 48(3), 398–407. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karnani, A. (2007). The mirage of marketing to the bottom of the pyramid: How the private sector can help alleviate poverty. California Management Review, 49(4), 90–111. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166407
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khayesi, J., G. George, & J. Antonakis. (2014). Kinship in entrepreneur networks: Performance effects of resource assembly in Africa. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(6), 1323–1342. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12127
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolvereid, L. (1992). Growth aspirations among Norwegian entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 7(3), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(92)90027-O
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lent, M. (2020). Everyday entrepreneurship among women in Northern Ghana: A practice perspective. Journal of Small Business Management, 58(4), 777–805. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2019.1672707
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Light, I., & L. P. Dana. (2013). Boundaries of social capital in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(3), 603–624. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liguori, E., & J. S. Bendickson. (2020). Rising to the challenge: Entrepreneurship ecosystems and SDG success. Journal of the International Council for Small Business, 1(3–4), 118–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/26437015.2020.1827900
   Google Scholar
• Manolova, T., N. M. Carter, I. M. Manev, & B. S. Gyoshev. (2007). The differential effect of men and women entrepreneurs’ human capital and networking on growth expectancies in Bulgaria. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 31(3), 407–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00180.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMullen, J. S. (2011). Delineating the domain of development entrepreneurship: A market-based approach to facilitating inclusive economic growth. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 185–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00428.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, K. E., S. Estrin, S. K. Bhaumik, & M. W. Peng. (2009). Institutions, resources, and entry strategies in emerging economies. Strategic Management Journal, 30(1), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.720
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• North, D. C. (1991). Institutions. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.1.97
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prahalad, C. K., & A. Hammond. (2002, September). Serving the world’s poor, profitably. Harvard Business Review, 80(9), 48–57. https://hbr.org/2002/09/serving-the-worlds-poor-profitably
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puente, R., M. A. Cervilla, C. G. González, & N. Auletta. (2017). Determinants of the growth aspiration: A quantitative study of Venezuelan entrepreneurs. Small Business Economics, 48(3), 699–726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9791-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qureshi, I., G. M. Kistruck, & B. Bhatt. (2016). The enabling and constraining effects of social ties in the process of institutional entrepreneurship. Organization Studies, 37(3), 425–447. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840615613372
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shane, S. (2009). Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policy. Small Business Economics, 33(2), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9215-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrout, P. E., & N. Bolger. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422–445. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.4.422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stam, W., S. Arzlanian, & T. Elfring. (2014). Social capital of entrepreneurs and small firm performance: A meta-analysis of contextual and methodological moderators. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 152–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.01.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutter, C. J., J. W. Webb, G. M. Kistruck, & A. V. G. Bailey. (2013). Entrepreneurs‘ responses to semi-formal illegitimate institutional arrangements. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(6), 743–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornton, P. H., D. Ribeiro-Soriano, & D. Urbano. (2011). Socio-cultural factors and entrepreneurial activity: An overview. International Small Business Journal, 29(2), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610391930
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tundui, H. P. (2012). Gender and small business growth in Tanzania: The role of habitus. University of Groningen.
   Google Scholar
• United Republic of Tanzania. (2006). Integrated labour force survey 2006. National Bureau of Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• United Republic of Tanzania. (2007a). Household budget survey 2007. National Bureau of Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• United Republic of Tanzania. (2007b). Business survey 2007. National Bureau of Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Uzo, U., & J. Mair. (2014). Source and patterns of organizational defiance of formal institutions: Insights from Nollywood, the Nigerian Movie Industry. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 8(1), 56–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1171
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, J. W., R. D. Ireland, & D. J. Ketchen. (2014). Toward a greater understanding of entrepreneurship and strategy in the informal eonomy. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 8(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1176
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welter, F., & D. Smallbone. (2006, July). Exploring the role of trust in entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(4), 465–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00130.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, K. R. (1982). The relation between socioeconomic status and academic achievement. Psychological Bulletin, 91(3), 461–481. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.91.3.461
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiklund, J., & D. A. Shepherd. (2003). Aspiring for, and achieving growth: The moderating role of resources and opportunities. Journal of Management Studies, 40(8), 1911–1941. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-6486.2003.00406.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiklund, J., P. Davidsson, & F. Delmar. (2003, Spring). What do they think and feel about growth? An expectancy-value approach to small business managers’ attitudes toward growth. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(3), 247–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.t01-1-00003
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2017). Doing business 2017, equal opportunity for all. World Bank.
   Google Scholar