Malnutrition Severity Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Alcoholic Hepatitis: Evidence from National Data

References

• Crabb DW, Im GY, Szabo G, Mellinger JL, Lucey MR. Diagnosis and treatment of alcohol-associated liver diseases: 2019 Practice Guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2020;71(1):306–33. doi:10.1002/hep.30866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu X, Zhu L, Xu Y, Zhang M, Hao Y, Ma L, Li Y, Xing H. Global prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of alcohol related liver diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):859. doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15749-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Shea RS, Dasarathy S, McCullough AJ, Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology Practice Guideline Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver D, Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of G. Alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology. 2010;51(1):307–28. doi:10.1002/hep.23258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn W, Shah VH. Pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. Clin Liver Dis. 2016;20(3):445–56. doi:10.1016/j.cld.2016.02.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arab JP, Cabrera D, Sehrawat TS, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Verma VK, Simonetto D, Cao S, Yaqoob U, Leon J, Freire M, et al. Hepatic stellate cell activation promotes alcohol-induced steatohepatitis through Igfbp3 and SerpinA12. J Hepatol. 2020;73(1):149–60. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.02.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White JV, Guenter P, Jensen G, Malone A, Schofield M, Academy M, Work G, et al. Consensus statement: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition (undernutrition). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012;36(3):275–83. doi:10.1177/0148607112440285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mostafa N, Sayed A, Rashad O, Baqal O. Malnutrition-related mortality trends in older adults in the United States from 1999 to 2020. BMC Med. 2023;21(1):421. doi:10.1186/s12916-023-03143-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giner M, Laviano A, Meguid MM, Gleason JR. In 1995 a correlation between malnutrition and poor outcome in critically ill patients still exists. Nutrition. 1996;12(1):23–9. doi:10.1016/0899-9007(95)00015-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson G, Goldstein M, Levine GM. Impact of nutritional status on DRG length of stay. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1987;11(1):49–51. doi:10.1177/014860718701100149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirlich M, Schütz T, Norman K, Gastell S, Lübke HJ, Bischoff SC, Bolder U, Frieling T, Güldenzoph H, Hahn K, et al. The German hospital malnutrition study. Clin Nutr. 2006;25(4):563–72. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2006.03.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamran U, Towey J, Khanna A, Chauhan A, Rajoriya N, Holt A. Nutrition in alcohol-related liver disease: physiopathology and management. World J Gastroenterol. 2020;26(22):2916–30. doi:10.3748/wjg.v26.i22.2916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClain CJ, Barve SS, Barve A, Marsano L. Alcoholic liver disease and malnutrition. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011;35(5):815–20. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01405.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendenhall CL, Anderson S, Weesner RE, Goldberg SJ, Crolic KA. Protein-calorie malnutrition associated with alcoholic hepatitis. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Alcoholic Hepatitis. Am J Med. 1984;76(2):211–22. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(84)90776-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overview of the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD). The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Available from: https://hcup-us.ahrq.gov/nrdoverview.jsp.
   Google Scholar
• Jaan A, Sarfraz Z, Farooq U, Gutman J, McFarland JE, Mahmood S, Dunnigan K, Cryer B, Okolo P. Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in COVID-19 patients: insights from the National Inpatient Sample. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2024;59(5):615–22. doi:10.1080/00365521.2024.2310161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendenhall CL, Tosch T, Weesner RE, Garcia-Pont P, Goldberg SJ, Kiernan T, Seeff LB, Sorell M, Tamburro C, Zetterman R, et al. VA cooperative study on alcoholic hepatitis. II: prognostic significance of protein-calorie malnutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986;43(2):213–8. doi:10.1093/ajcn/43.2.213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClain CJ, Rios CD, Condon S, Marsano LS. Malnutrition and alcohol-associated hepatitis. Clin Liver Dis. 2021;25(3):557–70. doi:10.1016/j.cld.2021.03.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higuera-de la Tijera F, Servín-Caamaño A, Servìn-Abad L, Pérez-Hernández JL. Malnutrition is a key prognostic factor related to high mortality-rate in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. Nutr Hosp. 2018;35(3):677–82. doi:10.20960/nh.1458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee DU, Fan GH, Hastie DJ, Addonizio EA, Prakasam VN, Ahern RR, Seog KJ, Karagozian R. The impact of malnutrition on the hospital and infectious outcomes of patients admitted with alcoholic hepatitis: 2011 to 2017 analysis of US hospitals. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2022;56(4):349–59. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourke CD, Berkley JA, Prendergast AJ. Immune dysfunction as a cause and consequence of malnutrition. Trends Immunol. 2016;37(6):386–98. doi:10.1016/j.it.2016.04.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseini N, Shor J, Szabo G. Alcoholic hepatitis: a review. Alcohol Alcohol. 2019;54(4):408–16. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agz036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rachakonda V, Bataller R, Duarte-Rojo A. Recent advances in alcoholic hepatitis. F1000Res. 2020;9:97. doi:10.12688/f1000research.20394.1.
   Google Scholar
• Doshi SD, Stotts MJ, Hubbard RA, Goldberg DS. The changing burden of alcoholic hepatitis: rising incidence and sssociations with age, gender, race, and geography. Dig Dis Sci. 2021;66(5):1707–14. doi:10.1007/s10620-020-06346-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustot T, Stadlbauer V, Laleman W, Alessandria C, Thursz M. Transition to decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure: role of predisposing factors and precipitating events. J Hepatol. 2021;75 Suppl 1: S36–S48. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.12.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvares-da-Silva MR, Reverbel da Silveira T. Comparison between handgrip strength, subjective global assessment, and prognostic nutritional index in assessing malnutrition and predicting clinical outcome in cirrhotic outpatients. Nutrition. 2005;21(2):113–7. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2004.02.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman B, Sinclair M, Gow PJ, Testro AG. Malnutrition in cirrhosis: more food for thought. World J Hepatol. 2020;12(11):883–96. doi:10.4254/wjh.v12.i11.883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huisman EJ, Trip EJ, Siersema PD, van Hoek B, van Erpecum KJ. Protein energy malnutrition predicts complications in liver cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;23(11):982–9. doi:10.1097/MEG.0b013e32834aa4bb.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traub J, Reiss L, Aliwa B, Stadlbauer V. Malnutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):540. doi:10.3390/nu13020540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Møller S, Bendtsen F, Christensen E, Henriksen JH. Prognostic variables in patients with cirrhosis and oesophageal varices without prior bleeding. J Hepatol. 1994;21(6):940–6. doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(05)80599-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan DE, Ripoll C, Thiele M, Fortune BE, Simonetto DA, Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J. AASLD Practice Guidance on risk stratification and management of portal hypertension and varices in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2024;79(5):1180–211. doi:10.1097/HEP.0000000000000647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Periyalwar P, Dasarathy S. Malnutrition in cirrhosis: contribution and consequences of sarcopenia on metabolic and clinical responses. Clin Liver Dis. 2012;16(1):95–131. doi:10.1016/j.cld.2011.12.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, Pagliaro L. Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies. J Hepatol. 2006;44(1):217–31. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.10.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antar R, Wong P, Ghali P. A meta-analysis of nutritional supplementation for management of hospitalized alcoholic hepatitis. Can J Gastroenterol. 2012;26(7):463–7. doi:10.1155/2012/945707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fialla AD, Israelsen M, Hamberg O, Krag A, Gluud LL. Nutritional therapy in cirrhosis or alcoholic hepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Int. 2015;35(9):2072–8. doi:10.1111/liv.12798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno C, Deltenre P, Senterre C, Louvet A, Gustot T, Bastens B, Hittelet A, Piquet M-A, Laleman W, Orlent H, et al. Intensive enteral nutrition is ineffective for patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with corticosteroids. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(4):903–10 e8. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.12.038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrade C. Internal, external, and ecological validity in research design, conduct, and evaluation. Indian J Psychol Med. 2018;40(5):498–9. doi:10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_334_18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar