References
- Heintze SD. Oral health for the orthodontic patient. Quintessence Publishing Company; 1999. p. 67–70.
- Zachrisson BU, Brobakken BO. Clinical comparison of direct versus indirect bonding with different bracket types and adhesives. Am J Orthod. 1978;74:62–78.
- Summitt JB. Fundamentals of operative dentistry: a contemporary approach. 3. Quintessence Publishing Company; 2006. 978-0-86715-528-0; 9780867155280.
- O’reilly MM, Featherstone JDB. Demineralization and remineralization around orthodontic appliances: an in vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987;92:33–40. Available from. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(87)90293-9.
- Mizrahi E. Enamel demineralization following orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod. 1982;82:62–67.
- Mitchell L. Decalcification during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances—an overview. Br J Orthod. 1992;19:199–205. Available from. DOI:10.1179/bjo.19.3.199.
- Bishara SE, Ostby AW. White spot lesions: formation, prevention, and treatment. Semin Orthod. 2008;14:174–182.
- Miglani S, Aggarwal V, Ahuja B. Dentin hypersensitivity: recent trends in management. J Conserv Dent. 2010;13:218–224.
- Vahid Golpayegani M, Sohrabi A, Biria M, et al. Remineralization effect of topical novamin versus sodium fluoride (1.1%) on caries-like lesions in permanent teeth. J Dent. 2012;9:68–75.
- Hoffman DA, Clark AE, Wj R Jr, et al. A prospective randomized clinical trial into the capacity of a toothpaste containing NovaMin to prevent white spot lesions and gingivitis during orthodontic treatment. Prog Orthod. 2015;16:25.
- Wang Y, Dong J, Wang J, et al. Assessing the drug resistance profiles of oral probiotic lozenges. J Oral Microbiol. 2022;14:2019992.
- Jose JE, Padmanabhan S, Chitharanjan AB. Systemic consumption of probiotic curd and use of probiotic toothpaste to reduce streptococcus mutans in plaque around orthodontic brackets [Internet]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144:67–72. Available from. DOI:10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.02.023.
- Gokce G, Savas S, Kucukyilmaz E, et al. Effects of toothpastes on white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF): an in vitro study. J Orofac Orthop. 2017;78:480–486.
- Staudt CB, Lussi A, Jacquet J, et al. White spot lesions around brackets: in vitro detection by laser fluorescence. Eur J Oral Sci. 2004;112:237–243.
- Sardana D, Li KY, Ekambaram M, et al. Validation of clinical photography and a laser fluorescence device for assessment of enamel demineralization during multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic treatment [Internet]. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2022; 38: 102828. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102828.
- DIAGNOdentTM pen [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 Dec 21]. Available from: https://www.kavo.com/en-in/dental-xray/diagnodent-pen-diagnostic-devices.
- Aljehani A, Tranaeus S, Forsberg C-M, et al. In vitro quantification of white spot enamel lesions adjacent to fixed orthodontic appliances using quantitative light-induced fluorescence and DIAGNOdent. Acta Odontol Scand. 2004;62:313–318.
- Eltayeb MK, Ibrahim YE, El Karim IA, et al. Distribution of white spot lesions among orthodontic patients attending teaching institutes in Khartoum. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17:88.
- Gorelick L, Geiger AM, Gwinnett AJ. Incidence of white spot formation after bonding and banding. Am J Orthod. 1982;81:93–98.
- Geiger AM, Gorelick L, John Gwinnett A, et al. The effect of a fluoride program on white spot formation during orthodontic treatment [Internet]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988;117: 29–37. DOI: 10.1016/0889-5406(88)90190-4.
- Øgaard B White spot lesions during orthodontic treatment: mechanisms and fluoride preventive aspects [Internet]. Semin Orthod. 2008; 12 : 183–193. DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2008.03.003.
- Sundararaj D, Venkatachalapathy S, Tandon A, et al. Critical evaluation of incidence and prevalence of white spot lesions during fixed orthodontic appliance treatment: a meta-analysis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015;5:433–439.
- Tiwari A, Jain RK Comparison of enamel demineralisation scores between passive self-ligation brackets and conventional ligation brackets in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment – a laser fluorescence study [Internet]. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2020; 14 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2020/45724.14252.
- Khalaf K. Factors affecting the formation, severity and location of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2014;5:e4.
- Jain RK, Verma P Visual assessment of extent of white spot lesions in subjects treated with fixed orthodontic appliances: a retrospective study [Internet]. World J Dent. 2022; 7: 245–249. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2042.
- Kau CH, Wang J, Palombini A, et al. Effect of fluoride dentifrices on white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment: a randomized trial [Internet]. The Angle Orthod. 2019; 89: 365–371. DOI: 10.2319/051818-371.1.
- Graudejus O, Wong RP, Varghese N, et al. Bridging the gap between in vivo and in vitro research: reproducing in vitro the mechanical and electrical environment of cells in vivo [Internet]. Front Cell Neurosci. 2018. DOI: 10.3389/conf.fncel.2018.38.00069.
- Hibst R, Paulus R, Lussi A. Detection of occlusal caries by laser fluorescence: basic and clinical investigations [Internet]. J Laser Appl. 2001;16:205–213. Available from. DOI:10.1078/1615-1615-00024.
- Baeshen HA, Lingström P, Birkhed D. Effect of fluoridated chewing sticks (miswaks) on white spot lesions in postorthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:291–297.
- Akin M, Tazcan M, Ileri Z, et al. Incidence of white spot lesion during fixed orthodontic treatment [Internet]. Turk J Orthod. 2013;29: 98–102. DOI: 10.13076/j.tjo.2013.26.02_98.
- Julien KC, Buschang PH, Campbell PM Prevalence of white spot lesion formation during orthodontic treatment [Internet]. The Angle Orthod. 2013; 83: 641–647. DOi: 10.2319/071712-584.1.
- Tufekci E, Dixon JS, Gunsolley JC, et al. Prevalence of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances [Internet]. The Angle Orthodontist. 2011;81:206–210. Available from: 10.2319/051710-262.1.
- Boersma JG, van der Veen MH, Lagerweij MD, et al. Caries prevalence measured with QLF after treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances: influencing factors [Internet]. Caries Research. 2005;39(1):41–47. DOI:10.1159/000081655