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Articles and Studies

Crusader Inscriptions from Southern Lebanon

Denys PringleCardiff University
Pages 131-151 | Published online: 17 Feb 2023

  • Corpus inscriptionum crucesignatorum Terrae Sanctae (1099–1291): testo, traduzione e annotazioni, ed. Sabino de Sandoli, Pubblicazioni dello Studium Biblicum Franciscanum, Collectio maior 21 (Jerusalem, 1974); cf. P. Thomsen, “Die lateinischen und griechischen Inschriften der Stadt Jerusalem und ihrer nächsten Umgebung”, Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 43 (1920), 138–58; 44 (1921), 1–61, 90–168.
  • Corpus, p. lxiii.
  • C. Virolleaud, “Les Travaux archéologiques en Syrie en 1922–1923”, Syria 5 (1924), 113–22 (p. 116).
  • M. de Vogüé, Les Églises de la Terre Sainte (Paris, 1860), pp. 373–74.
  • P. Deschamps, Les Châteaux des croisés en Terre-Sainte, 2. La défense du royaume de Jérusalem: étude historique, géographique et monumentale, 2 vols. (text and plates), Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 34 (Paris, 1939), p. 231; H. Kalayan, “The Sea Castle of Sidon”, Bulletin du Musée de Beyrouth, 26 (1973), 81–89 (pl. X).
  • Denys Pringle, “The Crusader Cathedral of Tyre”, Levant 33 (2001), 165–88 (fig. 10).
  • See Le comte Chandon de Briailles, “Trois sceaux du clergé franc de Beyrouth”, Bulletin du Musée de Beyrouth 3 (1939), 13–24; idem, “Bulle de Clérembaut de Broyes, archevêque de Tyr”, Syria 21 (1940), 82–89; idem, “Matrices de sceaux francs”, Bulletin du Musée de Beyrouth 9 (1949–50), 99–106; idem, “Bulles de l’Orient latin”, Syria 27 (1950), 284–300; G. Schlumberger, F. Chalandon and A. Blanchet, Sigillographie de l’Orient latin (Paris 1943).
  • Corpus, pp. 299–318, nos. 404–20. Note that no. 407 is from Ascalon: see Denys Pringle, “King Richard I and the Walls of Ascalon”, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 116 (1984), 133–47; repr. in Denys Pringle, Fortification and Settlement in Crusader Palestine (Aldershot 2000), ch. 3. For further discussion of no. 417, see also Joshua Prawer, “A Crusader Tomb of 1290 from Acre and the Last Archbishops of Nazareth”, Israel Exploration Journal 24 (1974), 241–51.
  • Cf. Corpus, nos. 404, 416–17.
  • J. Lauffray, “Forums et monuments de Béryte (suite)”, Bulletin du Musée de Beyrouth 8 (1946–48), 7–16 (pp. 8, 11–12, fig. 2); Denys Pringle, The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Corpus, 3 vols. (Cambridge, 1993–), 1:118; L. Nordiguian and J.-C. Voisin, Châteaux et églises du moyen âge au Liban (Beirut, 1999), pp. 371–72.
  • E. M. Renan, Mission en Phénicie, 2 vols. [text + plates by M. Thobais] (Paris, 1864–74), 1:391.
  • Ibid.
  • Ibid.
  • Ibid.
  • Virolleaud, “Travaux”, p. 116; Camille Enlart, Les Monuments des croisés dans le royaume de Jérusalem: architecture religieuse et civile, 2 vols. + 2 albums of plates, Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 7–8 (Paris, 1925–28), 2:338–39, fig. 455, pl. 144; Pringle, Churches, 2:320.
  • Ch. Clermont-Ganneau, “Nouveaux monuments des croisés recueillis en Terre Sainte”, AOL 2.1 (Paris, 1884), 457–64 (p. 462, pl. II.c); Enlart, Monuments, 2:339, fig. 128, pl. 139 bis; Pringle, Churches, 2:320.
  • Lawrence Butler, “Symbols on Medieval Memorials”, Archaeological Journal 144 (1987), 246–55 (pp. 252–53).
  • E. Carus-Wilson, “The Significance of the Secular Sculptures in the Lane Chapel, Cullompton”, Medieval Archaeology 1 (1957), 104–17 (pp. 104–9).
  • K. Baedeker, Southern France including Corsica: Handbook for Travellers, 6th ed. (Leipzig, 1914), p. 221.
  • Clermont-Ganneau, “Nouveaux monuments”, p. 460, pl. I.c; Enlart, Monuments, 2:370; Pringle, “Crusader Cathedral of Tyre”, p. 185.
  • Renan, Mission en Phénicie, 1:545.
  • M. H. Chéhab, Tyr à l’époque des croisés, 2. Histoire sociale, économique et religieuse (Paris, 1979), p. 477; Clermont-Ganneau, “Nouveaux monuments”, pp. 459–60; Pringle, “Crusader Cathedral of Tyre”, p. 185, fig. 28; Hans Hans, Aus Phönizien (Leipzig, 1876), p. 336; J. N. Sepp, Meerfahrt nach Tyrus zur Ausgrabung der Kathedrale mit Barbarossa’s Grab (Leipzig, 1879), p. 264.
  • O. Berggötz, Der Bericht des Marsilio Zorzi: Codex Querini-Stampalia IV3 (1064), Kieler Werkstücke, Reihe C: Beiträge zur europäischen Geschichte des frühen und hohen Mittelalters 2 (Frankfurt am Main–Berne–New York–Paris, 1991), pp. 155, 160; Chéhab, Tyr à l’époque des croisés, 2:477–78.
  • Clermont-Ganneau, “Nouveaux monuments”, p. 459 n. 7; Pringle, “Crusader Cathedral of Tyre”, p. 185, fig. 27; Sepp, Meerfahrt nach Tyrus, p. 261.
  • Patricia M. Bikai, “A New Crusader Church in Tyre”, Bulletin du Musée de Beyrouth 24 (1971), 83–90 (p. 88, fig. 1, pl. XI.1).
  • Ibid., p. 88, fig. 2, pl. XI.1.
  • RRH, p. 125, no. 475.
  • Bikai, “New Crusader Church in Tyre”, p. 88, pl. XI.3.
  • Enlart, Monuments, 2:373, fig. 483.
  • Pringle, Churches, vol. 3 (forthcoming). My investigation of this building in May 1998 was facilitated by an Archaeology Research Grant awarded by the Humanities Research Board of the British Academy. I am also most grateful to Dr Camille Asmar, head of excavation in the Direction Général des Antiquités, for permission to examine and record the remains and to Mr Ali Badawi, the department’s local officer, for his unfailing assistance.
  • Itinerarium Regis Ricardi, 1.26; 3.17–18, ed. William Stubbs, RS 38.1 (London, 1864), pp. 62, 231–33; trans. Helen J. Nicholson, Chronicle of the Third Crusade (Aldershot, 1997), pp. 70, 218–21.
  • RRH, pp. 208–9, no. 784.
  • + Ici : gist : Iohan : / dou : Puis : serga / (n)t : dou : puissa(n)t : / roy : de : Fra(n)ce : / Proies : por : / lame (Here lies John Dupius, sergeant of the powerful king of France. Pray for his soul). This text only came to light after the publication of Fr de Sandoli’s Corpus. See Jerusalem Post (26 Feb. 1976), p. 3; Journal d’Israël (16 April 1976), p. 8; Anon., “Epitaffo del sergente Giovanni di Le-Puy”, La Terra Santa 53 (1977), 15–16; Pringle, Churches, 1:222.
  • RRH, pp. 87–88, no. 336 (1159), and passim; RRH Ad, pp. 36–37, no. 590b (1179).
  • Gulielmus de Caneta, mareschalcus regni Iherosomitani: Tabulae Ordinis Theutonici: ex tabularii regii Berolinensis codice potissimum, ed. Ernest Strehlke, introduction by Hans E. Mayer (Toronto, 1975), p. 118, no. 126.
  • Guillelme, seignor dou Boutron et conestable dou dit reyaume [de Jerusalem]: ibid., p. 114, no. 123.

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