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A Crusader Lineage from Spain to the Throne of Jerusalem: The LusignansFootnote

Clément de Vasselot de RégnéUniversité de [email protected]
Pages 95-114 | Published online: 17 Feb 2023

  • Peter W. Edbury, “Propaganda and Faction in the Kingdom of Jerusalem: The Background to Hattin,” in Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth-Century Syria, ed. Maya Shatzmiller (Leiden, 1993), 173–89.
  • Le “Conventum” (vers 1030): un précurseur aquitain des premières épopées, ed. and trans. George Beech, Yves Chauvin and Georges Pon (Geneva, 1995).
  • Chartes de l’abbaye de Nouaillé de 678 à 1200, ed. Pierre de Montsabert (Poitiers, 1936), 174–76.
  • Caesar Baronius, Annales Ecclesiastici, 14:146; Epistolae Karolini aevi, ed. Erich Caspar, MGH Ep, 42–43, 145, 318; Pontificum Romanorum Vitae II, ed. Johann M. Watterich (Leipzig, 1862), 681–83; Oberösterreichisches Urkundenbuch, weltlicher Teil (540–1399), 2 vols. (Vienna, 1856), 2:77–78.
  • Cartulaire de l’abbaye royale de Saint-Jean d’Angély, ed. Georges Musset, Archives historiques de la Saintonge et de l’Aunis 30 (Saintes, 1901), 32–33.
  • La Chronique de Saint-Maixent (751–1140), trans. Jean Verdon (Paris, 1979), 133–35.
  • See: Clément de Vasselot, “La famille de Lusignan de Hugues le Veneur à Hugues VIII (Xe siècle–1164), Domination châtelaine, hiérarchisation et ascension des lignages” (Postgraduate dissertation [M2], ENS de Lyon & Université de Poitiers, 2014), 147–49. Summed up also in Clément de Vasselot, “L’Ascension des Lusignan: les réseaux d’une famille seigneuriale,” Cahiers de Civilisation médiévale 230 (2015): 134–35.
  • PL 148:537.
  • Chartes et documents pour servir à l’histoire de l’abbaye de Saint-Maixent, ed. Alfred Richard, 2 vols. (Poitiers, 1886), 1:260.
  • Jonathan Riley-Smith, The First Crusaders, 1095–1131 (Cambridge, 1997), 43–46.
  • About the networks created by the numerous marriages and children of Almodis, see de Vasselot “L’Ascension des Lusignan,” 132–33.
  • Henri Beauchet-Filleau and Christian de Chergé, Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des familles du Poitou, 2 vols. (Poitiers, 1840–54), 2:321.
  • Adhémar de Chabannes, Chronique, trans. Yves Chauvin and Georges Pon (Turnhout, 2003), 270; and Martin Aurell, Les Noces du comte: mariage et pouvoir en Catalogne (785–1213) (Paris, 1995), 56.
  • Chartes de l’abbaye de Nouaillé de 678 à 1200, ed. de Montsabert, 248–50.
  • Prosper Boissonnade, “Les Relations des ducs d’Aquitaine, comtes de Poitiers avec les États chrétiens d’Aragon et de Navarre,” Bulletin de la Société des Antiquaires de l’Ouest, ser. 3, 10 (1934–35): 282.
  • Marcelin Defourneaux, Les Français en Espagne au XIe et XIIe siècles (Paris, 1949), 144.
  • Riley-Smith, The First Crusaders, 46.
  • La Chronique de Saint-Maixent (751–1140), trans. Verdon, 149.
  • Philippe Sénac, La frontière et les hommes, VIIIe–XIIe siècle: le peuplement musulman au nord de l’Èbre et les débuts de la reconquête aragonaise (Paris, 2000).
  • Béatrice Leroy, La bataille de Las Navas de Tolosa, 16 juillet 1212 (Clermont-Ferrand, 2012), 52–53.
  • Javier Gorosterratzu, Don Rodrigo Jímenez de Rada, gran estadista, escritor y prelado (Pamplona, 1925), 93; and Rodrigo Jímenez de Rada, Historia de rebus Hispanie sive Historia gothica, trans. Juan Fernandez Valverde (Madrid, 1989), 8:6.
  • Chartes de l’abbaye de Nouaillé de 678 à 1200, ed. de Montsabert, 291–92. On Hugh of Jerusalem and the confusion between him and Hugh VI of Lusignan, see Clément de Vasselot, “Un réseau seigneurial salin: implantation et arborescence des Saint-Maixent de l’Aunis à Lusignan (Xe–XIIe siècle),” Aux Sources du pouvoir, ed. Sylvain Gouguenheim (Paris, 2017), 252.
  • Riley-Smith, The First Crusaders, 95–96.
  • Cartulaires du Bas-Poitou (département de la Vendée), ed. Paul Marchegay (Les Roches-Baritaud, 1877), 20–23.
  • The Canso d’Antioca: An Occitan Epic Chronicle of the First Crusade, ed. and trans. Carol Sweetenham and Linda M. Paterson (Aldershot, 2003), 230–31 and 358. Also mentioned in the Historia et Gesta Ducis Godefridi, ed. Paul Riant, RHC Oc, 5:483, but this text was compiled in the fifteenth century and is not very reliable.
  • Peter Tudebode, Historia de Hierosolymitano itinere, ed. John H. Hill and Laurita L. Hill (Paris, 1977), 135.
  • Jonathan Riley-Smith, “The Crusading Heritage of Guy and Aimery of Lusignan,” Cyprus and the Crusades, ed. Nicholas Coureas and Jonathan Riley-Smith (Nicosia, 1995), 31–45.
  • Bartolf de Nangis, Gesta Francorum Iherusalem expugnantium, RHC Oc, 3:531–532.
  • Ibid., 532.
  • William of Tyre, Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum. L’estoire de Eracles empereur et la conqueste de la terre d’Outremer, ed. Arthur Beugnot and A. Langlois, RHC Oc, 1:428–29.
  • FC, 428–37.
  • AA, 591.
  • FC, 43 7–44.
  • Bartolf de Nangis, Gesta Francorum Iherusalem expugnantium, RHC Oc, 3:532–34.
  • Chartes de l’abbaye de Nouaillé de 678 à 1200, ed. de Montsabert, 292–94; La Chronique de Saint-Maixent (751–1140), trans. Verdon, 183.
  • Suger, Histoire du roi Louis VII, ed. Auguste Molinier, Vie de Louis le Gros par Suger suivie de l’Histoire du roi Louis VII (Paris, 1887), 158–59.
  • Ibid., 159.
  • Riley-Smith, The First Crusaders, 191.
  • Paris, Archives Nationales, T110, 216–1.
  • Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Saint-Cybard, ed. Paul Lefrancq (Angoulême, 1930), 127–28.
  • Ibid., 128; Virginia G. Berry, “The Second Crusade,” in Setton, Crusades, 1:499.
  • WT 19.8, p. 873; Nikita Elisséeff, Nur ad-Din: un grand prince musulman de Syrie au temps des croisades (511–569h./1118–1174), 3 vols. (Damascus, 1967) 2:574.
  • WT 19.9, p. 875.
  • RHGF, 16:61–62; PL 155:13.
  • Sidney Painter, “The Lords of Lusignan in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries,” Speculum 32 (1957): 41; Riley-Smith, The First Crusaders, 191; Jacques Duguet, Familles et châteaux dans le comté de Poitiers (Poitou, Aunis, Saintonge) du XIe siècle au XIIIe siècle (Rochefort, 2009), 130; Philip D. Handyside, The Old French William of Tyre (Leiden, 2015), 72.
  • Cart Hosp, 4:249.
  • Chronique d’Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier, ed. Louis de Mas-Latrie (Paris, 1871), 60.
  • Robert de Torigny, Chronique, ed. Léopold Delisle, 2 vols. (Rouen, 1873), 2:4; John of Salisbury, The Letters of John of Salisbury: The Later Letters (1163–1180), ed. W. J. Millor and Christopher N. L. Brooke (Oxford, 1979), 602.
  • Roger of Howden, Chronica, ed. William Stubbs, 4 vols., RS 51 (London, 1868), 1:274.
  • Marie-Aline de Mascureau, “Les Lusignan ou l’insurrection des grands féodaux du duché d’Aquitaine entre 1154 et 1242” (Postgraduate dissertation [M2], Université de Poitiers, 2000), 45–46.
  • Several members of the Lusignan family were called “Hugh the Brown” (see Fig. 4).
  • Cartulaire et chartes de l’abbaye de l’Absie, ed. Bélisaire Ledain (Poitiers, 1895), 132.
  • Cartulaire de l’abbaye royale de Notre-Dame des Châtelliers, ed. Louis Duval (Niort, 1872), 80–81.
  • A charter from Count Richard is witnessed by Guy of Lusignan but there are very serious doubts about its authenticity. See Layettes du trésor des chartes, ed. Alexandre Teulet, 5 vols. (Paris, 1863), 1:114–15. Furthermore, Guy of Lusignan is named along with Geoffrey in a list of rebel barons against Henry II in 1173 in the Gesta regis Henrici secundi, ed. William Stubbs, RS, 2 vols. (London, 1867), 1:46. This testimony is not very reliable because logically, if Guy had stayed in Poitou, Henry would have taken vengeance against him.
  • de Mascureau, “Les Lusignan,” 45–47.
  • Roger of Howden, Chronica, ed. Stubbs, 1:274.
  • de Mascureau, “Les Lusignan,” 142.
  • John of Ibelin, Le Livre des Assises, ed. Peter W. Edbury (Leiden, 2003), 684.
  • WT 10.19, 19.8, pp. 477, 873.
  • WT 10.19, p. 477.
  • Cart Hosp, 4:249.
  • Ibid., 321.
  • Ibid., 319–20.
  • Ibid., 336.
  • Chronique d’Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier, ed. de Mas-Latrie, 59.
  • Ibid., 57–60.
  • WT 22.1, p. 1007.
  • Raymond C. Smail, “The Predicaments of Guy of Lusignan, 1183–87,” in Outremer, 159–76, at 162–64. Peter W. Edbury and John G. Rowe, William of Tyre, Historian of the Latin East (Cambridge, 1988), 17–18. Edbury, “Propaganda and Faction,” 174–76.
  • Marshall W. Baldwin, Raymond III of Tripolis and the Fall of Jerusalem (1140–1187) (Princeton, 1936), 35–45. His interpretation has been heavily criticized by Smail, “The Predicaments of Guy of Lusignan,” 160–61, and Edbury, “Propaganda and Faction,” 173–76.
  • WT 22.1, p. 1007.
  • Ibid.
  • Benedict of Peterborough [= Roger of Howden], Gesta regis Henrici secundi Benedicti abbatis, ed. William Stubbs, 2 vols., RS 49 (London, 1867), 1:343. See also S. Tibble, Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099–1291 (Oxford, 1991), 38–40, 50–51.
  • WT 22.26, p. 1049. See also Bernard Hamilton, The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (Cambridge, 2000), 189.
  • Mayer, Urkunden, 2:801–3, no. 475.
  • WT 22.30, p. 1057.
  • Smail, “The Predicaments of Guy of Lusignan,” 165–71.
  • WT 22.30, p. 1058; Hamilton, The Leper King, 205–10.
  • Chronique d’Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier, ed. de Mas-Latrie, 116–17.
  • Edbury, “Propaganda and Faction,” 178.
  • Smail, “The Predicaments of Guy of Lusignan,” 172–73.
  • Chronique d’Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier, ed. de Mas-Latrie, 131–35.
  • René Grousset, Histoire des croisades, tome II: l’équilibre (Paris, 1935; repr. 1991), 728.
  • On the battle of Hattin, see Benjamin Z. Kedar, “The Battle of Hattin Revisited,” in Horns, 190–207; Zvi Gal, “Saladin’s Dome of Victory at the Horns of Hattin,” ibid., 213–15.
  • Chronique d’Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier, ed. de Mas-Latrie, 158–61.
  • The Chronicle of the Third Crusade: The Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi, trans. Helen J. Nicholson (Aldershot, 1997), 69.
  • La Continuation de Guillaume de Tyr (1184–1197), ed. Margaret Ruth Morgan (Paris, 1982), 89.
  • Egbert Türk, Pierre de Blois, ambitions et remords sous les Plantagenêts (Turnhout, 2006), 210–12.
  • Peter of Blois, Petri Blesensis tractatus duo, Passio Raginaldi principis Antiochie, Conquestio de dilatione vie Ierosolimitane, ed. R. B. C. Huygens (Turnhout, 2002).
  • Tūrk, Pierre de Blois, 212–13.
  • Peter of Blois, Petri Blesensis tractatus duo, ed. Huygens, 51. R. W. Southern, “Peter of Blois and the Third Crusade,” in Studies in Medieval History presented to R. H. C. Davis, ed. H. Mayr-Harting and R. I. Moore (London, 1985), 215–17. John D. Cotts, The Clerical Dilemma: Peter of Blois and Literate Culture in the Twelfth Century (Washington, 2009), 228–30.
  • Peter of Blois, Petri Blesensis tractatus duo, ed. Huygens, 64.
  • Michel Markowski, “Peter of Blois and the conception of the Third Crusade,” in Horns, 264.
  • La Continuation de Guillaume de Tyr, ed. Morgan, 88–89; The Chronicle of the Third Crusade, trans. Nicholson, 69.
  • La Continuation de Guillaume de Tyr, ed. Morgan, 89; The Chronicle of the Third Crusade, trans. Nicholson, 69; Ambroise, L’Estoire de la guerre sainte: The History of the Holy War, ed. Marianne Ailes and Malcolm Barber (Woodbridge, 2003), vv. 2706–7, 2718, 2723.
  • Ambroise, L ‘Estoire de la guerre sainte, ed. Ailes and Barber, vv. 2732–35; The Chronicle of the Third Crusade, trans. Nicholson, 69–70.
  • Ambroise, L’Estoire de la guerre sainte, ed. Ailes and Barber, vv. 2737–81; The Chronicle of the Third Crusade, trans. Nicholson, 70.
  • La Continuation de Guillaume de Tyr, ed. Morgan, 89. For the siege of Acre, see J. D. Hosler, The Siege of Acre, 1189–91 (London, 2017).
  • Ralph of Diceto, Ymagines historiarum, ed. William Stubbs, Radulfi de Diceto decani Lundoniensis opera historica: The Historical Works of Master Ralph de Diceto, Dean of London, 2 vols., RS 68 (London, 1876), 2:54–55.
  • La Continuation de Guillaume de Tyr, ed. Morgan, 88.
  • Ralph of Diceto, Ymagines historiarum, 2:80.
  • Geoffrey’s strength had already been noticed in France as is reported by Guillaume le Breton, Philippide, Oeuvres, ed. Henri-François Delaborde, 2 vols. (Paris, 1885), 73, and by Jean le Long, Ex Joannis Iperii chronico Sythiensi Sancti-Bertin, ed. Léopold Delisle, RHGF 23:596.
  • Jacques de Vitry, Histoire orientale, ed. and trans. Jean Donnadieu (Turnhout, 2008), 446; The Chronicle of the Third Crusade, trans. Nicholson, 69.
  • Ambroise, L’Estoire de la guerre sainte, ed. Ailes and Barber, vv. 2830–33; Alberic of Trois-Fontaines, Ex chronico Alberici Trium-Fontium monachi, ed. Léopold Delisle, RHGF 18:751.
  • Jacques de Vitry, Histoire orientale, ed. and trans. Donnadieu, 450; The Chronicle of the Third Crusade, trans. Nicholson, 81.
  • Roger of Howden, Gesta regis Henrici secundi, ed. William Stubbs, 2 vols., RS 49 (London, 1867), 2:144.
  • De Expugnatione terrae sanctae per Saladinum, libellus, ed. Joseph Stevenson (London, 1875), 255–56; Ambroise, L’Estoire de la guerre sainte, ed. Ailes and Barber, vv. 4061–79; The Chronicle of the Third Crusade, trans. Nicholson, 120.
  • The Chronicle of the Third Crusade, trans. Nicholson, 206.
  • Ibid., 102; Ambroise, L ‘Estoire de la guerre sainte, ed. Ailes and Barber, vv. 3891–902.
  • Ambroise, L’Estoire de la guerre sainte, ed. Ailes and Barber, vv. 1701–31.
  • Ibid., v. 4989–95; Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Saint-Michel du Tréport, ed. Pierre Lafleur de Kermaingant (Paris, 1880), 88–90.
  • The Chronicle of the Third Crusade, trans. Nicholson, 22; Ambroise, L’Estoire de la guerre sainte, ed. Ailes and Barber, vv. 5033–59.
  • Mayer, Urkunden, 2.825–35, nos. 485–86, 488.
  • Peter W. Edbury, “Crusaders and Pilgrims: The Conquest of Cyprus in 1191,” in Byzantine Medieval Cyprus, ed. Demetria Papanikola-Bakirtzis (Nicosia, 1998), 27–34.
  • Peter W. Edbury, The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191–1374 (Cambridge, 1991), 28.
  • John Gillingham, Richard I (London, 1999), 196–97.
  • Wipertus Hugo Rudt de Collenberg, Les Lusignan de Chypre (Nicosia, 1980), 94; Edbury, The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 29; Gilles Grivaud, “Les Lusignan et leur gouvernance du royaume de Chypre (XIIe–XIVe siècles),” in Europäische Governance im Spätmittelalter, Heinrich VII von Luxemburg und die großen Dynastien Europas, ed. Michel Pauly (Luxembourg, 2010), 361–62.
  • La Continuation de Guillaume de Tyr, ed. Morgan, 159.
  • Ibid., 161.
  • Smail, “The Predicaments of Guy of Lusignan,” 164; Edbury, The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 29; Jean Richard, “Les révoltes chypriotes de 1191–1192 et les inféodations de Guy de Lusignan,” Montjoie, 123–28.
  • Chartes et documents pour servir à l’histoire de l’abbaye de Saint-Maixent, ed. Richard, 2:38–39; and Bernard Itier, Chronique, ed. Jean-Loup Lemaître (Paris, 1998), 59.
  • Jean de Joinville, Vie de saint Louis, trans. Jacques Monfrin (Paris, 2010), 54–55; Les registres d’Innocent IV, ed. Elie Berger, 4 vols. (Paris, 1897), 1:564; Recueil des documents de l’abbaye de Fontaine-le-comte (XIIe–XIIIe siècles), ed. Georges Pon (Poitiers, 1982), 82–86.
  • Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, ed. Henry R. Luard, 7 vols., RS 57 (London, 1880), 5:88.
  • Les registres d’Innocent IV, ed. Berger, 1:616.
  • Cartulaire des comtes de la Marche et d’Angoulême, ed. Georges Thomas (Angoulême, 1934), 33–36.
  • Gaël Chenard, “L’Administration d’Alphonse de Poitiers en Poitou et en Saintonge (1241–1271),” 4 vols. (PhD thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2014), 2:76–77.
  • Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, ed. Luard, 5:101.
  • Huw Ridgeway, “William de Valence and his ‘familiares’, 1247–72,” Historical Research 158 (1992): 245.
  • Chenard, “L’Administration d’Alphonse de Poitiers,” 1:100; Les olim ou registres des arrêts rendus par la cour du roi, ed. Jacques C. Beugnot, 4 vols. (Paris, 1839), 1:854–55.
  • Nobility and Kingship in Medieval England: The Earls and Edward I, 1272–1307, ed. Andrew M. Spencer (Cambridge, 2013), 225.

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