References
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- Llobera , Josep R. 1993 . "The Role of the State and the Nation in Europe," ” . In European Identity and the Search for Legitimacy , Edited by: Garcia , Soledad . 64 – 5 . London : Pinter .
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- Huntington , Samuel . 1993 . "The Clash of Civilisations," . Foreign Affairs , 72 ( 3 ) Summer : 21 – 49 .
- Toynbee , Arnold . 1949 . Civilisation on Trial , 9 New York : Oxford University Press .
- 1996 . The Clash of Civilisations and the Remaking of World Order , New York : Simon and Schuster . Huntington, op. cit., 69-70;
- Ibid., 73.
- Kedourie , Elie . 1970 . "The Chatham House Version," ” . In The Chatham House Version and Other Essays , Edited by: Kedourie , Elie . 351 – 94 . London : Weidenfeld and Nicolson .
- Ibid., 355. "… we must remember that he is primarily concerned not with the study of politics but with the study of civilisations."
- The World After the Peace Conference, 50.
- Toynbee , Arnold . Civilisation on Trial 222
- Geyl , Pieter . 1970 . "Toynbee's System," ” . In Pieter Geyl, Debates With Historians, , 122 London : Fontana .
- Civilisation on Trial, 39.
- Ibid., 83.
- Toynbee , Arnold . 1953 . The World and the West , 7 London : Oxford University Press .
- Civilisation on Trial, 49.
- Ibid., 105.
- Toynbee , Arnold J. 1962 . The Economy of the Western Hemisphere , 21 London : Oxford University Press .
- Ibid., 23.
- Toynbee , Arnold . 1969 . Experiences , 109 London : Oxford University Press . Toynbee listed Gibbon along with the Earl of Clarendon, Edward A. Freeman, J. B. Bury and Theodore Mommsen as the chief intellectual influences on his historical thinking
- The World and the West, 39.
- Huntington , Samuel . 1965 . "Political Development and Political Decay," . World Politics , 17 ( 3 ) April : 386 – 430 .
- Packenham , Robert A. 1973 . Liberal America and the Third World , 259 Princeton : Princeton University Press .
- Experiences, 344. His ideas on world federalism were considerably influenced by Lionel Curtis.
- Ibid., 378.
- Wight , Martin . 1966 . "Why is there No International Theory" ” . In Diplomatic Investigations , Edited by: Wight , Martin . 22 London : Alien & Unwin .
- Brewin , Christopher . 1995 . "Arnold Toynbee, Chatham House and Research in a Global Context" ” . In Thinkers of the Twenty Years Crisis , Edited by: Long , David and Wilson , Peter . 278 Oxford : Clarendon Press .
- Ibid., 236.
- Braudel , Fernand . 1994 . A History of Civilisations , 11 Alien Lane : The Penguin Press .
- Braudel , Fernand . 1980 . "The History of Civilisations," ” . In On History , 192 London : Weidenfeld and Nicolson .
- Ibid., 193.
- Braudel , Fernand . 1973 . The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II , 757 London : Fontana .
- Braudel , Fernand . "The History of Civilisations," ” . 178
- Aron , Raymond . 1961 . The Dawn of Universal History New York
- Maur , Gerhard . 1962 . "Distinctive Traits of Western Civilization: Through the Eyes of Western Historians," . American Historical Review , LXVII ( 3 ) April : 591 – 608 .
- A History of Civilisations, 16.
- Ibid., 21.
- Ibid., 60.
- Ibid., 99.
- Ibid., 571.
- Daniels , Robert V. 1993 . The End of Communist Revolution , London and New York : Routledge . For details of this argument see
- Braudel , Fernand . 1980 . "History and the Social Sciences," ” . In Fernand Braudel, On History , 29 London : Weidenfeld and Nicolson . Braudel did not see the concept of the longue durée as especially novel in Western historiography since he considered that it had been widely employed by the historians of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and thereafter carried forward by only a few "great spirits" such as Michelet, Burckhart and Fustel
- "The very fact that, in the twentieth century conflict of ideologies, the Western world has chosen to call itself 'the free world' however mixed its motives, is both fair and appropriate in view of Europe's history during these many centuries," ibid., 315.
- Neumann , Iver B. and Welsh , Jennifer M. 1991 . "The Other in European Self-Definition: An Addendum to the Literature on International Society," . Review of International Studies , 17 : 327 – 48 .
- Rich , Paul B. 1999 . "European Identity and the Myth of Islam: A Reassessment," . Review of International Studies , 25 : 433 – 49 . For reservations concerning this thesis, see
- Shaw , Martin . 1992 . "Global Society and Global Responsibility: The Theoretical, Historical and Political Limits of 'International Society'," . Millennium , 21 ( 3 ) : 421 – 34 .