- Thucydides . 1972 . History of Peloponnesian War , Edited by: Finley , MI and Warner , Rex . 49 London : Penguin Books .
- Machiavelli , N . 1961 . The Prince , 10 – 14 . London : Penguin Books .
- Hobbes , T . 1946 . Leviathan , 64 Oxford : Basil Blackwell .
- Morgenthau , H J . 1946 . Politics Among Nations: The Struggle For Power and Peace , 16 New York : Knopf .
- Ibid, p. 47.
- Waltz , K . 1969 . Man, State and War: A Theoretical Analysis , 5 – 6 . New York : Columbia University Press .
- Waltz . 1979 . Theory of International Politics , 615 – 628 . New York : McGraw-Hill .
- Gilpin , R . 1986 . “ 'The richness of the tradition of political realism' ” . In Neo-Realism and Its Critics , Edited by: Keohane , RO . 318 New York : Columbia University Press .
- Weldes , J , Laffey , M , Gusterson , H and Duvall , R , eds. 1999 . Cultures of Insecurity: States, Communities, and The Production of Danger , 1 Minneapolis, MN : University of Minneapolis .
- Campbell , D . 1998 . Writing Insecurity: US Foreign Policy and The Politics of Identity , 1 – 3 . Minneapolis, MN : University of Minnesota Press .
- Weldes . Cultures of Insecurity 10 – 11 .
- Muppidi , H . “ 'Post-coloniality and the production of international insecurity' ” . In Cultures of Insecurity Edited by: Weldes . 124
- Abraham , I . 1998 . The Making of The Indian Atomic Bomb: Science, Secrecy and the Post-Colonial State , 16 – 19 . New York : Zed Books .
- Krishna . 1999 . Post-Colonial Insecurities: India, Sri Lanka and The Question Of Nationhood , xvii – xix . Minneapolis, MN : University of Minnesota Press .
- Ibid, p xvii.
- Singh , J . 1998 . Nuclear India , 183 New Delhi : Knowledge World .
- Malik , M J . 1998 . 'India goes nuclear: rationales, benefits, costs and implications' . Contemporary South-EastAsia , 20 (2) : 191 – 215 .
- Rajagopalan , R . 1999 . 'Neo-realist theory and the Indo--Pakistani conflict-l' . Strategic Analysis , XXII (9) : 1261 – 1272 .
- Malik . “ 'India goes nuclear' ” . 191 – 215 .
- Vink , G van der , Park , J , Alien , R , Wallace , T and Hennet , C . 1998 . 'False accusations, undetected tests and implications for the CTBT Treaty' . Arms Control Today , 28 (4) : 7 – 13 .
- Singh . Nuclear India 182
- Mahapatra , C . 1998 . 'Pokhran II and after: dark clouds over Indo--US relations' . Strategic Analysis , XXII (5) : 711 – 720 .
- Jones , Rodney W . 1985 . “ 'India' ” . In Non-Proliferation: The Why and The Wherefore , Edited by: Goldblat , J . 101 – 116 . London : Taylor and Francis . In this context, Jones suggests a domestic politics argument to explain India's 1974 detonation which, he believes, was required by the then Prime Minster, Indira Gandhi, to consolidate her political leadership before an ongoing domestic crisis. For details
- Chowdhry , G . 2000 . “ 'Communalism, nationalism and gender: Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Hindu Right in India' ” . In Feminist Approaches To Contemporary Debates , Edited by: Ranchod-Nelson and Tetreault , M A . 97 – 100 . London : Routledge .
- Ibid, p. 102.
- Bharatiya Janata Party . 1996 . For A Strong and Prosperous India: Election Manifesto , 6 New Delhi : BJP .
- Malik , Y and Singh , VB . 1996 . Hindu Nationalists in India , 41 Boulder, CO : Westview .
- Pandey , G . 1993 . The Construction of Colonialism in Colonial North India , 92 New Delhi : Viking .
- Kakkar . 1996 . The Colors of Violence: Cultural Identities, Religion and Conflict , 157 Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press . The Ram Janmbhoomi-Babri Masjid riot occurred on 6 December 1992 at a small town in Ayodhya in Uttar Pradesh. The riot occurred around a religious dispute over the Hindu fundamentalist claim that the Babri Masjid (mosque), built at Ayodhya in 1528 for the Mughal king Babur, was actually constructed on the site of a temple commemorating the birthplace of Ram. Following communal instigation by the Hindu Right, thousands of Hindu fundamentalist agitators called kar sevaks destroyed the mosque. For details
- Chowdhry . “ 'Communalism, nationalism and gender' ” . 98 – 100 .
- Ibid, p. 115
- Bharatiya Jana Sangh . 1965 . Resolutions Passed by The Bharatiya Karya Samiti and The Twelfth Session: January 21-January 26 , 4 Vijaywada : Bharatiya Karya Samiti . emphasis added
- Han , H . 1998 . “ 'Sino-Indian relations and nuclear arms control' ” . In Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control in South Asia After The Test Ban , SIPRI Research Report No 14 Edited by: Arnett , E . 35 – 51 . NY : Oxford University Press . For details
- 1998 . 'Solid Support' . India Today , 25 May Eighty-six percent of those polled in 1998 supported the test and 44 stated that they were more likely to vote for the BJP in the forthcoming elections. Reported in
- Kohli , A . 1990 . Democracy and Its Discontents: India's Growing Crisis of Governability , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . Kohli claims that, after years of quiet on the communal front after India's independence, communalism erupted as a major political force in the 1980s. The Congress Party, which had been the dominant party of India since 1885, lost its stronghold over politics in the 1970s and 1980s, as discrepancies between public promise and party performance began to emerge. As Kohli explains, utilising 'pro-Hindu and communal sentiments' became the most apt strategy for the then contemporary Congress Party leaders to regain their party mobilisation
- Dougherty , JE and Pfaltzgraff , RL . 1997 . Contending Theories of International Relations: A Comprehensive Survey , 272 – 297 . New York : Longman . Analysing psychological traits as explanatory variables in IR has been studied by psychological theorists of the discipline, However, I argue that there are differences between the psychological and postcolonial insecurity interpretations of IR. This is because the psychological theories in IR claim that much of its contradictions are produced as a result of perceived images by state leaders, who view social reality as categorised into neat dichotomous realities of good--bad; black--white; friend--foe, etc. To this extent they may overlap with post-colonial insecurity interpretations, but beyond this there are differences between the two. This is because postcolonial (in)security interpretations analyse how ideological attributes of postcolonial state leaders may be manifested as the nation's quest for modernity and nation-building, and how they may subsequently inform the construction of (in)security 'imaginaries' to suit the purposes of nationhood
- India's Nuclear Draft Doctrine: a critique . 1999 . Movement in India For Nuclear Disarmament , New Delhi : Movement in India For Nuclear Disarmament . Formulated by the National Security Council (NSC), the Draft Nuclear Doctrine is pushing India towards an open-ended, potentially huge, triadic (land-, air- and sea-based) nuclear force of enormous lethality. The DND marks an extremist/maximalist standpoint of the country's realist lobby. However, it has not yet been adopted by the NSC or the Union Cabinet of India. For details see, [online database], accessed 3 February 2001 at http://www. angelfire.com/mi/MIND123/index.html
- Kamath , PK . 1999 . 'Indian national security policy: minimal nuclear deterrence' . Strategic Analysis , XXIII (8) : 1257 – 1274 .
- Ghosh , J . 1998 . “ 'Why women must reject the bomb' ” . In Out Of Nuclear Darkness: The Case For Indian Disarmament , Edited by: Sanghari , K , Malik , N , Chhachhi and Sarkar , T . 17 – 24 . New Delhi : Movement in India For Nuclear Disarmament .
- Ibid, p. 18.
- LaI , V . 1998 . 'The cultural politics of nuclearism' . Los Angeles Times , 19 May
- Bidwai , P and Vanaik , A . 1998 . 'A very political bomb' . Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , 54 (4) : 50
- Rath . “ 'Why are nuclear weapons objectionable: a scientist's perspective' ” . In Out Of Nuclear Darkness Edited by: Sanghari . 25 – 34 .
- AIi , SH . “ 'The environmental impact of nuclear explosion' ” . In Movement in India For Nuclear Disarmament accessed 10 February 2001 at http://www.angelfire. com/mi/MIND123/index.html
- Sanghari , K , Malik , N , Chhacchi and Sarkar , T . 2001 . “ 'Why women reject nuclearisation' ” . In Out of The Nuclear Shadow , Edited by: Kothari and Mian , Z . 156 London : Zed Books .
- Ahmed , A . 'The Hindutva weapon' . Frontline [electronic journal] , 23 May-5 June accessed 10 March 2001 at http://www.hinduonline.com/
- Bidwai , P . 1998 . 'Seeking a paradigmatic shift' . Frontline , 14-24 April accessed 15 March 2001 at http://www.hinduonline.com/
- Dalby , Simon . 1995 . 'Security, intelligence, national interest and the global environment' . Intelligence and National Security , 10 (4) : 175 – 197 .
- Haas , PM , Keohane , RO and Levy , MA . 1995 . Institutions of The Earth: Sources of Effective International Environmental Protection , 16 – 17 . Boston, MA : MIT Press .
- Rajan , MS . 1998 . 'National security and national interest: a conceptual framework' . Man and Development , 20 (3) : 103 – 113 .
- Nye , J Jr . 1999 . 'Re-defining the national interest' . Foreign Affairs , 78 (4) : 22 – 35 .
- Ibid, pp 22-35.
- Rajan, 'National security and national interest'.
Third World Quarterly
Volume 24, 2003 - Issue 1