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Medical Anthropology
Cross-Cultural Studies in Health and Illness
Volume 22, 2003 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

Imagining HIV/AIDS: Morality and perceptions of personal risk in Nigeria

Daniel Jordan Smith Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Box 1921, Providence, RI, 02912
Pages 343-372 | Published online: 26 Oct 2010

  • Adih , W. K. and Alexander , C S. 1999 . Determinants of Condom Use to Prevent HIV Infection among Youth in Ghana . Journal of Adolescent Health , 24 (1) : 63 – 72 .
  • Amazigo , Uche , Suva , Nancy , Kaufman , Joan and Obikeze , Daniel . 1997 . Sexual Activity and Contraceptive Knowledge and Use among In-School Adolescents in Nigeria . International Family Planning Perspectives , 23 (1) : 28 – 33 .
  • Anthony , Douglas . 2002 . Poison and Medicine: Ethnicity, Power and Violence in a Nigerian City, 1966 to 1986 , Portsmouth, NH : Heinemann .
  • Arowujolu , A. O. , Ilesanmi , A. O. , Roberts , O. A. and Okunola , M. A. 2002 . Sexuality, Contraceptive Choice and AIDS Awareness among Nigerian Undergraduates . African Journal of Reproductive Health , 6 (2) : 60 – 70 .
  • Awusabo-Asare , K. , Abane , A. , Badasu , D. and Anarfi , J. 1999 . "All Die Be Die": Obstacles to Change in the Face of HIV Infection in Ghana ” . In Resistances to Behavioral Change to Reduce HIV/AIDS Infection in Predominately Heterosexual Epidemics in Third World Countries , Edited by: Caldwell , J. , Caldwell , P. , Anarfi , J. , Awusabo-Asare , K. , Ntozi , J. , Orubuloye , I. O. , Marck , J. , Cosford , W. , Colombo , R. and Hollings , E. 125 – 132 . Canberra : Australian National University .
  • Blanc , A. K. and Wolff , B. 2001 . Gender and Decision-Making over Condom Use in Two Districts in Uganda . African Journal of Reproductive Health , 5 (3) : 15 – 28 .
  • Caldwell , J. , Anarfi , J. and Caldwell , P. 1997 . “ Mobility, Migration, Sex, STDs and AIDS: An Essay on Sub-Saharan Africa with Other Parallels ” . In Sexual Cultures and Migration in the Era of AIDS: Anthropological and Demographic Perspectives , Edited by: Herdt , Gilbert . 41 – 54 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Chukwuezi , Barth . 2001 . Through Thick and Thin: Igbo Rural-Urban Circularity, Identity and Investment . Journal of Contemporary African Studies , 19 (1) : 55 – 66 .
  • Farmer , Paul . 1999 . Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Fortes , Meyer . 1978 . Parenthood, Marriage and Fertility in West Africa . Journal of Development Studies , 14 (4) : 121 – 148 .
  • Gugler , Josef . 1971 . Life in a Dual System: Eastern Nigerians in Town . Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines , 11 (3) : 400 – 421 .
  • 1991 . "Life in a Dual System" Revisited: Urban-Rural Ties in Enugu, Nigeria, 1961-87 . World Development , 19 (5) : 399 – 409 .
  • 2002 . The Son of a Hawk Does Not Remain Abroad: The Urban-Rural Connection in Africa . African Studies Review , 45 (1) : 21 – 41 .
  • Herdt , Gilbert . 1997 . “ Sexual Cultures and Population Movement Implications for AIDS/STDs ” . In Sexual Cultures and Migration in the Era of AIDS: Anthropological and Demographic Perspectives , Edited by: Herdt , Gilbert . 3 – 22 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Hirsch , Jennifer . 2003 . A Courtship after Marriage: Sexuality and Love in Mexican Transnational Families , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Hirsch , Jennifer , Higgins , Jennifer , Bentley , Margaret and Nathanson , Constance . 2002 . The Social Constructions of Sexuality: Marital Infidelity and Sexually Transmitted Disease-HIV Risk in a Mexican Migrant Community . American Journal of Public Health , 92 (8) : 1227 – 1237 .
  • Kapiga , S. H. and Lugalla , J. L. 2002 . Sexual Behavior and Condom Use in Tanzania: Results from the 1996 Demographic and Health Survey . AIDS Care , 14 (4) : 455 – 469 .
  • Kendall , Carl . 1994 . “ The Construction of Risk in AIDS Control Programs: Theoretical Bases and Popular Responses ” . In Conceiving Sexuality: Approaches to Sex Research in a Postmodern World , Edited by: Parker , R. G. and Gagnon , J. H. 249 – 258 . New York : Routledge .
  • Korra , A. and Haile , M. 1999 . Sexual Behavior and Level of Awareness on Reproductive Health among Youths: Evidence from Harar, Ethiopia . Ethiopian Journal of Health Development , 13 (2) : 107 – 113 .
  • Lear , D. 1995 . Sexual Communication in the Age of AIDS: The Construction of Risk and Trust among Young Adults . Social Science and Medicine , 41 (9) : 1311 – 1323 .
  • Leclerc-Madlala , Suzanne . 1997 . Infect One, Infect All Zulu Youth Response to the AIDS Epidemic in South Africa . Medical Anthropology , 17 (4) : 363 – 380 .
  • Machel , J. Z. 2001 . Unsafe Sexual Behavior among Schoolgirls in Mozambique: A Matter of Class and Gender . Reproductive Health Matters , 9 (17) : 82 – 90 .
  • MacPhail , Catherine and Campbell , Catherine . 2001 . "I think Condoms Are Good but, Aai, I Hate Those Things": Condom Use Among Adolescents and Young people in a South African Township . Social Science and Medicine , 52 (11) : 1613 – 1627 .
  • Maharaj , P. 2001 . Obstacles to Negotiating Dual Protection: Perspectives of Men and Women . African Journal of Reproductive Health , 5 (3) : 150 – 161 .
  • Meekers , D. and Klein , M. 2001 . Determinants of Condom Use among Unmarried Youth in Yaounde and Douala, Cameroon , Working Paper No. 47 Washington, DC : Population Services International .
  • NIC (National Intelligence Council) . 2002 . “ The Next Wave of HIV/AIDS: Nigeria, Ethiopia, Russia, India, China ” .
  • Nichter , Mark . 2001 . “ Risk, Vulnerability, and Harm Reduction: Preventing STIs in Southeast Asia by Antibiotic Prophylaxis, a Misguided Practice ” . In Cultural Perspectives on Reproductive Health , Edited by: Obermeyer , Carla Makhlouf . 101 – 127 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Olayinka , B. A. , Alexander , L. , Mbizvo , M. T. and Gibney , L. 2000 . Generational Differences in Male Sexuality that May Affect Zimbabwean Women's Risk for Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS . East African Medical Journal , 77 (2) : 93 – 97 .
  • Parikh , Shanti . 2000 . Desire, Romance, and Regulation: Adolescent Sexuality in Uganda's Time of AIDS , Yale University . Ph.D. dissertation
  • Schooling and Modernity, Commitment and Condoms among Youth in Uganda . Paper presented at the annual meetings of the African Studies Association . Washington, DC.
  • Power and Consent Sugar Daddies and Female Sexuality in Uganda . Paper presented at conference entitled "Race, Sex and Globalization: Mapping Insurgencies," . University of Arizona .
  • Adams , V. and Pigg , S.L. , eds. “ From Auntie to Disco: The Bifurcation of Risk and Pleasure in Sources of Sexuality Education in Uganda ” . In The Moral Object of Sex: Science, Development and Society in Global Perspective , Durham, NC : Duke University Press . Forthcoming
  • Preston-Whyte , Eleanor . 1999 . “ Reproductive Health and the Condom Dilemma: Identifying Situational Barriers to Condom Use in South Africa ” . In Resistances to Behavioral Change to Reduce HIV/AIDS Infection in Predominately Heterosexual Epidemics in Third World Countries , Edited by: Caldwell , J. , Caldwell , P. , Anarfi , J. , Awusabo-Asare , K. , Ntozi , J. , Orubuloye , I. O. , Marck , J. , Cosford , W. , Colombo , R. and Hollings , E. 139 – 155 . Canberra : Australian National University .
  • Reid , Elizabeth . 1997 . “ The HIV Epidemic as a Development Issue ” . In AIDS in Africa and the Caribbean , Edited by: Bond , G. C. , Kreniske , J. , Susser , I. and Vincent , J. 149 – 157 . Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
  • Schoepf , Brooke . 1993 . “ Women at Risk: Case Studies from Zaire ” . In The Time of AIDS: Social Analysis, Theory, and Method , Edited by: Herdt , G. and Lindenbaum , S. 259 – 286 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Sheldon , K. , ed. 1996 . “ Health, Gender Relations, and Poverty in the AIDS Era ” . In Courtyards, Markets, City Streets: Urban Women in Africa , 153 – 168 . Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
  • Mikell , G. , ed. 1997 . “ AIDS, Gender, and Sexuality during Africa's Economic Crisis ” . In African Feminism: The Politics of Survival in Sub-Saharan Africa , 310 – 332 . Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press .
  • Setel , Philip . 1999 . A Plague of Paradoxes: AIDS, Culture and Demography in Northern Tanzania , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Simmons , Janie , Farmer , Paul and Schoepf , Brooke . 1996 . “ A Global Perspective ” . In Women, Poverty and AIDS: Sex, Drugs and Structural Violence , Edited by: Farmer , P. , Connors , M. and Simmons , J. 39 – 90 . Monroe, Me : Common Courage Press .
  • Smith , Daniel Jordan . 2000 . "These Girls Today Na War-o": Premarital Sexuality and Modern Identity in Southeastern Nigeria . Africa Today , 47 (3-4) : 98 – 120 .
  • 2001 . Romance, Parenthood and Gender in a Modern African Society . Ethnology , 40 (2) : 129 – 151 .
  • Smock , Audrey . 1971 . Ibo Politics: The Role of Ethnic Unions in Eastern Nigeria , Cambridge : Harvard University Press .
  • Sobo , Elisa . 1995 . Choosing Unsafe Sex: AIDS-Risk Denial among Disadvantaged Women , Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press .
  • UNAIDS . 2002 . “ Nigeria: Epidemiological Fact Sheets ” . 2002 Update, http://www.unaids.org/ html/pub/Publications/Fact-SheetsOl/Nigeria EN pdf.pdf
  • UNICEF . 2002 . Young People and HIV/AIDS: Opportunity in Crisis , New York : UNICEF .
  • Wardlow , Holly . 2003 . Giving Birth to Gonolia: "Culture" and Sexually Transmitted Disease among the HuIi of Papua New Guinea . Medical Anthropology Quarterly , 16 (2) : 151 – 175 .
  • Whiteside , A. 2001 . AIDS and Poverty: The Links . AIDS Analysis Africa , 12 (2) : 1 5
  • Winder , A. E. 1993 . Risk Assessment-Risk Perception: Who Shall Decide? . International Quarterly of Community Health Education , 13 (4) : 405 – 410 .
  • Wood , K. and Jewkes , R. 1997 . Violence, Rape and Sexual Coercion: Everyday Love in a South African Township . Gender and Development , 5 : 41 – 46 .

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