Methods for Detecting Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia Coli in Food

References

• Nataro , J.P. and Kaper , J.B. 1998 . Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli . Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , 11 : 142 – 201 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caprioli , A. , Morabito , S. , Brugere , H. and Oswald , E. 2005 . Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission . Vet. Res. , 36 : 289 – 311 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McClure , P. 2000 . The impact of Escherichia coli O157 on the food industry . World J. Microb. Biot. , 16 : 749 – 755 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , D. , Newman , CP. , Hutchinson , D.N. , Walker , A.M. , Rowe , B. and Majid , F. 1993 . Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 infections associated with the consumption of yoghurt . Epidemiol. Infect. , 111 : 181 – 187 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Isaäcson , M. , Canter , P.H. , Effler , P. , Arntzen , L. , Bomans , P. and Heenan , R. 1993 . Haemorrhagic colitis epidemic in Africa . Lancet , 341 : 961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weagant , S.D. , Bryant , J.L. and Bark , D.H. 1994 . Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in mayonnaise and mayonnaise-based sauces at room and refrigerated temperatures . J. Food Protect. , 57 : 629 – 631 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 1995 . Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak linked to commercially distributed dry-cured salami Washington and California . Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. , 44 : 157 – 160 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deschenes , G. , Casenave , C. , Grimont , F. , Desenclos , J.C. , Benoit , S. , Collin , M. , Baron , S. , Mariani , P. , Grimont , P.A.D. and Nivet , H. 1996 . Cluster of cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome due to unpasteurised cheese . Pediat. Nephrol. , 20 : 203 – 205 .
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 1997 . Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection associated with eating alfalfa sprouts . Michigan and Virginia. Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. , 46 : 741 – 744 .
   Google Scholar
• Hilborn , E.D. , Mermin , J.H. , Mshar , P.A. , Hadler , J.L. , Voetsch , A. , Wojtkunski , C. , Swartz , M. , Mshar , R. , Lambert-Fair , M.A. , Farrar , J.A. , Glynn , M.K. and Slutsker , L. 1999 . A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce . Arch. Intern. Med. , 59 : 1758 – 1764 .
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe , Y. , Ozasa , K. , Mermin , J.H. , Griffin , P.M. , Masuda , K. , Imashuku , S. and Sawada , T. 1999 . Factory outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in Japan . Emerg. Infect. Dis. , 5 : 424 – 428 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meng , J. , Doyle , M.P. , Zhao , T. and Zhao , S. 2001 . “ Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ” . In Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers , 2nd , Edited by: Doyle , M.P. , Beuchat , L.R. and Montville , T.J. 193 – 213 . Washington, D.C : ASM Press .
   Google Scholar
• Murphy , M. , Carroll , A. , Whyte , P. , Mahony , M. , Anderson , W. , McNamara , E. and Fanning , S. 2005 . Prevalence and characterization of Escherichia coli O26 and O111 in retail minced beef in Ireland . Foodborne Pathog. Dis. , 2 : 357 – 360 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilshaw , G. , Thirwell , J. , Jones , A. , Parry , S. , Salmon , R. and Hickey , M. 1994 . Verocytotoxin producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beefburgers linked to an outbreak of diarrhea, haemorragic colitis and haemolytic uraemic syndrome in Britain . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. , 19 : 304 – 307 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ILSI Europe Report Series . 2001 . Approach to the control of entero-haemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) , Brussels, Belgium : ILSI Europe Emerging Pathogen Task Force .
   Google Scholar
• Tuttle , J. , Gomez , T. , Doyle , M.P. , Wells , J.G. , Zhao , T. , Tauxe , R.V. and Griffin , P.M. 1999 . Lessons from a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections: insights into the infectious dose and method of widespread contamination of hamburger patties . Epidemiol. Infect. , 22 : 185 – 192 .
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation (WHO) . 1994 . Report on a WHO working group meeting on shiga-like toxin producing Escherichia coli (SLTEC) with emphasis on zoonotic aspects , Italy : Bergamo . Rep. N° WHO/CDS/VPH/94.136
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , R.P. , Clarke , R.C. , Wilson , J.B. , Read , S.C. , Rahn , K. , Renwick , S.A. , Sandhu , K.A. , Alves , D. , Karmali , M.A. , Lior , H. , McEwen , S.A. , Spika , J.S. and Gyles , C.L. 1996 . Growing concerns and recent outbreaks involving non-O157:H7 serotypes of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli . J. Food Protect. , 59 : 1112 – 1122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karch , H. , Bielaszewska , M. , Bitzan , M. and Schmidt , H. 1999 . Epidemiology and diagnosis of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections . Diagn. Micr. Infec. Dis. , 34 : 229 – 243 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Misselwitz , J. , Karch , H. , Bielazewska , M. , John , U. , Ringelmann , F. , Ronnefarth , G. and Patzer , L. 2003 . Cluster of hemolytic–uremic syndrome caused by toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26:H11 . Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. , 22 : 349 – 354 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hussein , H.S. and Sakuma , T. 2005 . Invited review: prevalence of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in dairy cattle and their products . J. Dairy Sci. , 88 : 450 – 465 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hara-Kudo , Y. , Ikedo , M. , Komatsu , O. , Yamamoto , S. and Kumagai , S. 2002 . Evaluation of a chromogenic agar medium for isolation of Escherichia coli O26 . Food Control. , 13 : 377 – 379 .
   Google Scholar
• Catarame , T.M.G. , O'Hanlon , K.A. , Duffy , G. , Sheridan , J.J. , Blair , I.S. and McDowell , D.A. 2003 . Optimisation of enrichment and plating procedures for the recovery of Escherichia coli O111 and O26 from minced beef . J. Appl. Microbiol. , 95 : 949 – 957 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jenkins , C. , Evans , J. , Chart , H. , Willshaw , G.A. and Franke , G. 2008 . Escherichia coli serogroup O26 – a new look at an old adversary . J. Appl. Microbiol. , 104 : 14 – 25 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scientific report of EFSA . 2009 . Technical specifications for the monitoring and reporting of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) on animals and food (VTEC surveys on animals and food) . The EFSA Journal , 7 : 1366
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , P.A. 2000 . Methods available for the detection of Escherichia coli O157 in clinical, food and environmental samples . World J. Microb. Biot. , 16 : 733 – 740 .
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins , K.L. and Hilton , A.C. 2000 . Methods available for the sub-typing of Escherichia coli O157 . World J. Microb. Biot. , 16 : 741 – 748 .
   Google Scholar
• Beneduce , L. , Spano , G. and Massa , S. 2003 . Escherichia coli O157:H7 general characteristics, isolation and identification techniques . Ann. Microbiol. , 53 : 511 – 527 .
   Google Scholar
• Meng , J. , Zhao , S. , Doyle , D. , Mitchell , S. and Kresovich , S. 1997 . A multiplex PCR for identifying Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. , 24 : 172 – 176 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hara-Kudo , Y. , Konuma , H. , Nakagawa , H. and Kumagai , S. 2000 . Escherichia coli O26 detection from food using an enrichment procedure and an immunomagnetic separation method . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. , 30 : 151 – 154 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Šafařiková , M. and Šafařik , I. 2001 . Immunomagnetic separation of Escherichia coli O26, O111 and O157 from vegetables . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. , 33 : 36 – 39 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Su , X.L. and Li , J. 2005 . Quantum dot biolabeling couplet with immunomagnetic separation for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 . Anal. Chem. , 76 : 4806 – 4810 .
   Google Scholar
• García-Aljaro , C. , Bonjoch , X. and Blanch , A.R. 2005 . Combined use of an immunomagnetic separation method and immunoblotting for the enumeration and isolation of Escherichia coli O157 in wastewaters . J. Appl. Microbiol. , 98 : 589 – 597 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murphy , M. , Carroll , A. , Walsh , C. , Whyte , P. , O'Mahony , M. , Anderson , W. , McNamara , E. and Fanning , S. 2007 . Development and assessment of a rapid method to detect Escherichia coli O26, O111 and O157 in retail minced beef . Int. J. Hyg. Envir. Heal. , 210 : 155 – 161 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Sullivan , J. , Bolton , D.J. , Duffy , G. , Baylis , C. , Tozzoli , R. , Wasteson , Y. and Lofdahl , S. Methods for detection and molecular characterisation of pathogenic Escherichia coli . Pathogenic Escherichia coli Network, Co-ordination Action FOOD-CT-2006-036256, 2007 ,
   Google Scholar
• Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. OIE/World Organisation for Animal Health, 2008 (Updated: 14.08.2009) http://www.oie.int/fr/normes/mmanual/2008/pdf/2.09.11_VERO_E_COLI.pdf (http://www.oie.int/fr/normes/mmanual/2008/pdf/2.09.11_VERO_E_COLI.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , J.S. , Hodge , D.S. and Borczyk , A.A. 1990 . Rapid biochemical test to identify vero-cytotoxin-positive strains of Escherichia coli serotype O157 . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 28 : 2165 – 2168 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bettelheim , K.A. 1998 . Studies of E. coli cultured on Rainbow agar O157 with particular reference to enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) . Microbiol. Immunol. , 42 : 265 – 269 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Restaino , L. , Frampton , E.W. , Turner , K.M. and Allison , D.R. 1999 . A chromogenic plating medium for isolating E. coli O157:H7 from beef . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. , 29 : 26 – 30 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manafi , M. and Kremsmaie , B. 2001 . Comparative evaluation of different chromogenic/fluorogenic media for detecting Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 71 : 257 – 262 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISO (International Organization for Standardization) . Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs – Horizontal method for the detection of Escherichia coli O157 . ISO 16654/2001 ,
   Google Scholar
• Vimont , A. , Delignette-Muller , M.L. and Vernozy-Rozand , C. 2007 . Supplementation of enrichment broths by novobiocin for detecting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from food: a controversial use . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. , 44 : 326 – 331 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drysdale , M. , MacRae , M. , Strachan , N.J.C. , Reid , T.M.S. and Ogden , I.D. 2004 . The detection of non-O157 Escherichia coli in food by immunomagnetic separation . J. Appl. Microbiol. , 97 : 220 – 224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiramatsu , R. , M; Matsumoto , M. , Miwa , Y. , Suzuki , Y. , Saito , M. and Miyazaki , Y. 2002 . Characterization of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli O26 strains . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 40 : 922 – 925 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murinda , S.E. , Batson , S.D. , Nguyen , L.T. , Gillespie , B.E. and Oliver , S.P. 2004 . Phenotypic and genetic markers for serotype-specific detection of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26 strains from North America . Foodborne Pathog. Dis. , 1 : 125 – 135 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Possé , B. , De Zutter , L. , Heyndrickx , M. and Herman , L. 2008 . Novel differential and confirmation plating media for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serotypes O26, O103, O111, O145 and sorbitol-positive and -negative O157 . FEMS Microbiol. Lett. , 282 : 124 – 131 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Boer , E. and Beumer , RR. 1999 . Methodology for detection and typing of foodborne microorganisms . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 50 : 119 – 130 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , V.C.H. , Gill , V. , Oberst , R. , Phebus , R. and Fung , D.Y.C. 2004 . Rapid protocol (5.25 H) for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef by an immuno-capture system (Pathatrix) in combination with colortrix and CT-SMAC . J. Rapid Meth. Aut. Mic. , 12 : 57 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Tokarskyy , O. and Marshall , D.L. 2008 . Immunosensors for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 – Perspectives for use in the meat processing industry . Food Microbiol. , 25 : 1 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo , K.H. , Brackett , R.E. and Frank , J.F. 1998 . Rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 using immunomagnetic flow cytometry in ground beef, apple juice, and milk . Int. J. Microbiol. , 44 : 115 – 123 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brovko , L. , Young , D. and Griffiths , M.W. 2004 . Method for assessment of functional affinity of antibodies for live bacteria . J. Microbiol. Meth. , 58 : 49 – 57 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hajra , T.K. , Bag , P.K. , Das , S.C. , Mukherjee , S. , Khan , A. and Ramamurthy , T. 2007 . Development of a simple latex agglutination assay for detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) by using polyclonal antibody against STEC . Clinical and Vaccine Immunology , 14 : 600 – 604 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ho , J.A. , Hsu , H. and Huang , M. 2004 . Liposome-based microcapillary immunosensor for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 . Anal. Biochem. , 330 : 342 – 349 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su , X.L. and Li , Y. 2004 . A self-assembled monolayer-based piezoelectric immunosensor for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 . Biosens. Bioelectron. , 19 : 563 – 574 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shriver-Lake , L.C. , Turner , S. and Taitt , C.R. 2007 . Rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 spiked into food matrices . Anal. Chim. Acta , 584 : 66 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song , J.M. and Vo-Dinh , T. 2004 . Miniature biochip system for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 based on antibody-immobilized capillary reactors and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . Anal. Chim. Acta , 507 : 115 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blais , B.W. , Bosley , J. , Martinez-Perez , A. and Popela , M. 2006 . Polymixin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Escherichia coli O111 and O26 . J. Microbiol. Meth. , 65 : 468 – 475 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oishi , K. , Koles , N.L. , Guelde , G. and Pollack , M. 1992 . Antibacterial and protective properties of monoclonal antibodies reactive with Escherichia coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide: relation to antibody isotype and complementfixing activity . J. Infect. Dis. , 165 : 34 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padhye , N.V. and Doyle , M.P. 1991 . Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli of serotypes O157:H7 and O26:H11 . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 29 : 99 – 103 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kerr , P. , Ball , H. , China , B. , Mainil , J. , Finlay , D. , Pollock , D. , Wilson , I. and Mackie , D. 1999 . Use of a monoclonal antibody against an Escherichia coli O26 surface protein for detection of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic strains . Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. , 6 : 610 – 614 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rivera-Betancourt , M. and Keen , J.E. 2000 . Murine monoclonal antibodies specific for lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O26 and O111 . Appl. Environ. Microb. , 66 : 4124 – 4127 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abolmaaty , A. , El-Shemy , M.G. , Khallaf , M.F. and Levin , R.E. 1998 . Effect of lysing methods and their variables on the yield of Escherichia coli O157:H7 DNA and its PCR amplification . J. Microbiol. Meth. , 34 : 133 – 141 .
   Google Scholar
• Uyttendaele , M. , van Boxstael , S. and Debevere , J. 1999 . PCR assay for detection of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 eae-gene and effect of the sample preparation method on PCR detection of heat-killed Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 2 : 85 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Lindqvist , R. 1997 . Preparation of PCR samples from food by a rapid and simple centrifugation technique evaluated by detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 37 : 73 – 82 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKillip , J.L. , Jaykus , L.A. and Drake , M.A. 2000 . A comparison of methods for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from artificially-contaminated dairy products using PCR . J. Appl. Microbiol. , 89 : 49 – 55 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karch , H. and Meyer , T. 1989 . Evaluation of oligonucleotide probes for identification of Shiga-like-toxin-producing Escherichia coli . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 27 : 1180 – 1186 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paton , J.C. and Paton , A.W. 1998 . Pathogenesis and diagnosis of a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections . Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , 11 : 450 – 479 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , M. , Xu , J. , Kaper , J. , Lior , H. , Prado , V. , Tall , B. , Cataro , J. , Karch , H. and Wachsmuth , K. 1987 . A DNA probe to identify enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli of O157:H7 and other serotypes that cause hemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome . J. Infect. Dis. , 156 : 175 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gannon , V.P.J. , Rashed , M. , King , R.K. and Golsteyn-Thomas , E.J. 1993 . Detection and characterization of the eae gene of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli using polymerase chain reaction . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 31 : 1268 – 1274 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louie , M. , De Azavedo , J. , Clarke , R. , Borczyk , A. , Lior , H. , Richter , M. and Brunton , J. 1994 . Sequence heterogeneity of the eae gene and detection of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli using serotype-specific primers . Epidemiol. Infect. , 112 : 449 – 461 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng , P. 1993 . Identification of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 by DNA probe specific for an allele of uidA gene . Mol. Cell. Probe , 7 : 151 – 154 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desmarchelier , P.M. , Bilge , S.S. , Fegan , N. , Mills , L. , Vary , J.C. and Tarr , P.I. A PCR . 1998 . specific for Escherichia coli O157 based on the rfb locus encoding O157 lypopolysaccharide . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 36 : 1801 – 1804 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmour , M.W. , Olson , A.B. , Andrysiak , A.K. , Ng , L. and Chui , L. 2007 . Sequence-based typing of genetic targets encoded outside of the O-antigen gene cluster is indicative of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroup lineages . J. Med. Microbiol. , 56 : 620 – 628 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guan , J. and Levin , R.E. 2002 . Quantitative detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef by the polymerase chain reaction . Food Microbiol. , 19 : 159 – 165 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshitomi , K.J. , Jinneman , K.C. and Weagant , S.D. 2006 . Detection of Shiga toxin genes stx1, stx2, and the +93 uidA mutation of Escherichia coli O157:H7/H-using SYBR® Green I in a real-time multiplex PCR . Mol. Cell. Probe. , 20 : 31 – 41 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perelle , S. , Dilasser , F. , Grout , J. and Fach , P. 2004 . Detection by 5'-nuclease PCR of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli O26, O55, O91, O103, O111, O113, O145 and O157:H7, associated with the world's most frequent clinical cases . Mol. Cell. Probe. , 18 : 185 – 192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perelle , S. , Dilasser , F. , Grout , J. and Fach , P. 2005 . Detection of Escherichia coli serogroup O103 by realtime polymerase chain reaction . J. Appl. Microbiol. , 98 : 1162 – 1168 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fortin , N.Y. , Mulchandani , A. and Chen , W. 2001 . Use of real-time polymerase chain reaction and molecular beacons for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 . Anal. Biochem. , 289 : 281 – 288 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cocolin , L. , Astori , G. , Manzano , M. , Cantoni , C. and Comi , G. 2000 . Development and evaluation of a PCR-microplate capture hybridization method for direct detection of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains in artificially contaminated food samples . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 54 : 1 – 8 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perelle , S. , Dilasser , F. , Grout , J. and Fach , P. 2007 . Screening food raw materials for the presence of the world's most frequent clinical cases of Shiga toxin-encoding Escherichia coli O26, O103, O111, O145 and O157 . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 113 : 284 – 288 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fach , P. , Perelle , S. , Dilasser , F. and Grout , J. 2001 . Comparison between a PCR-ELISA test and the vero cell assay for detecting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in dairy products and characterization of virulence traits of the isolated strains . J. Appl. Microbiol. , 90 : 809 – 818 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gooding , C.M. and Choudary , P.V. 1998 . Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef in eight hours . J. Microbiol. Meth. , 34 : 89 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Fu , Z. , Rogelj , S. and Kieft , T.L. 2005 . Rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by immunomagnetic separation and real-time PCR . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 99 : 47 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarimehmetoglu , B. , Aksoy , M.H. , Ayaz , N.D. , Ayaz , Y. , Kuplulu , O. and Kaplan , Y.Z. 2009 . Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef using immunomagnetic separation and multiplex PCR . Food Control , 20 : 357 – 361 .
   Google Scholar
• Hara-Kudo , Y. , Konishi , N. , Ohtsuka , K. , Hiramatsu , R. , Tanaka , H. , Konuma , H. and Takatori , K. 2008 . Detection of Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 and O26 in food by plating methods and LAMP method: A collaborative study . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 122 : 156 – 161 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd. Ispiration for Life Science http://www.cosmobio.co.jp/export_e/products/bio_medical/products_nph_20090806.asp?entry_id=3871 (http://www.cosmobio.co.jp/export_e/products/bio_medical/products_nph_20090806.asp?entry_id=3871)
   Google Scholar
• Denka Seiken Co., Ltd. Manufacturer of diagnostic reagents and vaccines http://denka-seiken.jp/english/products/bacteriology/escherichiaColi.html (http://denka-seiken.jp/english/products/bacteriology/escherichiaColi.html)
   Google Scholar
• MATRIX MicroScience http://www.matrixmsci.com/pathatrix.htm#results (http://www.matrixmsci.com/pathatrix.htm#results)
   Google Scholar
• TECRA International Pty Ltd http://www.tecra.net/products/e._coli_o157 (http://www.tecra.net/products/e._coli_o157)
   Google Scholar
• Hallier-Soulier, S.; Fach, P.; Beutin, L. Ready-to-use multiplex real time PCR assays for the detection of STEC & the identification of EHEC http://www.genesystems.fr/images/stories/food/STEC/poster%20iafp-ready-to-use%20multiplex%20real%20time%20pcr%20assays.pdf (http://www.genesystems.fr/images/stories/food/STEC/poster%20iafp-ready-to-use%20multiplex%20real%20time%20pcr%20assays.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Beutin , L. , Jahn , S. and Fach , P. 2009 . Evaluation of the GeneDisc real-time PCR system for detection of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O26, O103, O111, O145 and O157 strains according to their virulence markers and their O- and H-antigen-associated genes . J. Appl. Micorbiol. , 106 : 1122 – 1132 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feldsine , P.T. , Green , S.T. , Lienau , A.H. , Stephens , J. , Jucker , M.T. and Kerr , D.E. 2005 . Evaluation of the Assurance GDS™ for Escherichia coli O157:H7 Method and Assurance GDS for Shiga toxin Genes Method in Selected Foods: Collaborative Study . J. AOAC Int. , 88 : 1334 – 1348 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Flint , S.H. and Hartley , N.J. 1995 . Evaluation of the TECRA Escherichia coli 0157 visual immunoassay for tests on dairy products . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. , 21 : 79 – 82 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rider , T.H. , Petrovick , M.S. , Nargi , F.E. , Harper , J.D. , Schwoebel , E.D. , Mathews , R.H. , Blanchard , D.J. , Bortolin , L.T. , Young , A.M. , Chen , J. and Hollis , M.A. 2003 . A B cell-based sensor for rapid identification of pathogens . Science , 301 : 213 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellingson , J.L. , Koziczkowski , J.J. , Anderson , J.L. , Carlson , S.A. and Sharma , V.K. 2005 . Rapid PCR detection of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in bovine food products and feces . Mol. Cell. Probe. , 19 : 213 – 217 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nielsen , E.M. and Andersen , M.T. 2003 . Detection and characterization of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli by automated 5' nuclease PCR assay . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 41 : 2884 – 2893 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar