853
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

From Apple to Juice—The Fate of Polyphenolic Compounds

, , &
Pages 276-293 | Published online: 28 May 2013

References

  • Femenías, D.G.R. Fresh fruit and vegetables as health foods in the human diet http://www.frutas-hortalizas.com/pdf_UK09/168_181.pdf (http://www.frutas-hortalizas.com/pdf_UK09/168_181.pdf) (Accessed: 5 May 2011 ).
  • Riboli , E. and Norat , T. 2003 . Epidemiologic evidence of the protective effect of fruit and vegetables on cancer risk . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 78 : 559S – 569S .
  • Roupas , P. and Noakes , M. 2010 . Apples, Their Antioxidants and Benefits to Human Health , 1 – 56 . Australia : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) .
  • Bouayed , J. , Hoffmann , L. and Bohn , T. 2011 . Total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion and dialysis of apple varieties: Bioaccessibility and potential uptake . Food Chem. , 128 : 14 – 21 .
  • Lee , W. , Young , J. , Dea-OK , K. , Yong , J. and Chang , Y. 2003 . Major phenolics in apple and their contribution to the total antioxidant capacity . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 51 : 6516 – 6520 .
  • Apple and Pear Australia Ltd. and Horticulture Australia Ltd . 2006 . 2005–06 Apple and Pear Industry Report , Australia : Horticulture Australia Limited (HAL) .
  • Buxton , K. 2007 . “ Victorian Pome Fruit Industry Situation and Needs Analysis: In an Australian Context ” . In Department of Primary Industries , 2 – 5 . Victoria : Australia .
  • Brown , A. 2004 . Understanding Food, Principles and Preparation , 2nd , California : Thompson Learning, Inc .
  • Cabalerro , B. , Truga , L. and Finglass , P. 2003 . Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition , 2nd , London : Academic Press .
  • Boyer , J. and Liu , R.H. 2004 . Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits . Nutr. J. , 3 : 1 – 45 .
  • Wolfe , K.L. , Kang , X. , He , X. , Dong , M. , Zhang , Q. and Liu , R.H. 2008 . Cellular antioxidant activity of common fruits . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 56 : 8418 – 8426 .
  • Vinson , J.A. , Su , X. , Zubik , L. and Bose , P. 2001 . Phenol antioxidant quantity and quality in foods: Fruits . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 49 : 5315 – 5321 .
  • Somerset , S.M. and Johannot , L. 2008 . Dietary flavonoid sources in australian adults . Nutr. Cancer , 60 : 442 – 449 .
  • Lee , K.W. , Kim , Y.J. , Kim , D.O. , Lee , H.J. and Lee , C.Y. 2003 . Major phenolics in apple and their contribution to the total antioxidant capacity . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 51 : 6516 – 6520 .
  • Van der Sluis , A.A. , Dekker , M. and Van Boekel , M.A.J.S. 2005 . Activity and concentration of polyphenolic antioxidants in apple juice. 3. Stability during storage . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 53 : 1073 – 1080 .
  • Schieber , A. , Hilt , P. , Endreß , H.U. , Rentschler , C. and Carle , R. 2003 . A new process for the combined recovery of pectin and phenolic compounds from apple pomace . Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. , 4 : 99 – 107 .
  • Escarpa , A. and González , M.C. 1998 . High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection for the determination of phenolic compounds in peel and pulp from different apple varieties . J. Chromatogr. A , 823 : 331 – 337 .
  • Oszmianski , J. , WojdyLo , A. and Kolniak , J. 2009 . Effect of enzymatic mash treatment and storage on phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, and turbidity of cloudy apple juice . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 57 : 7078 – 7085 .
  • Van der Sluis , A.A. , Dekker , M. , Skrede , G. and Jongen , W.M.F. 2002 . Activity and concentration of polyphenolic antioxidants in apple juice. 1. Effect of existing production methods . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 50 : 7211 – 7219 .
  • Van Der Sluis , A.A. , Dekker , M. , Skrede , G. and Jongen , W.M.F. 2004 . Activity and concentration of polyphenolic antioxidants in apple juice. 2. Effect of novel production methods . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 52 : 2840 – 2848 .
  • Duda-Chodak , A. , Tarko , T. and Tuszynski , T. 2011 . Antioxidant activity of apples—An impact of maturity stage and fruit part . Acta Sci. Pol. Technol. Aliment. , 10 : 443 – 454 .
  • Robbins , R.J. 2003 . Phenolic acids in foods: An overview of analytical methodology . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 51 : 2866 – 2887 .
  • Zadernowski , R. , Czaplicki , S. and Naczk , M. 2009 . Phenolic acid profiles of mangosteen fruits (Garcinia mangostana) . Food Chem. , 112 : 685 – 689 .
  • Awad , M.A. , De Jager , A. and Van Westing , L.M. 2000 . Flavonoid and chlorogenic acid levels in apple fruit: Characterisation of variation . Sci. Horticult. , 83 : 249 – 263 .
  • Russell , L.F. , Wolfe , L.I. and Ryan , D.A.J. 2002 . Method development and generation of profiles for selected phenolics from apple cultivars used for processed products . J. Food Sci. , 67 : 2819 – 2826 .
  • Pandey , K.B. and Rizvi , S.I. 2009 . Current understanding of dietary polyphenols and their role in health and disease . Curr. Nutr. Food Sci. , 5 : 249 – 263 .
  • Ross , K.A. , Beta , T. and Arntfield , S.D. 2009 . A comparative study on the phenolic acids identified and quantified in dry beans using hplc as affected by different extraction and hydrolysis methods . Food Chem. , 113 : 336 – 344 .
  • Tomás-Barberan , F.A. , Ferreres , F. and Gil , M.I. 2000 . Antioxidant phenolic metabolites from fruit and vegetables and changes during postharvest storage and processing . Stud. Nat. Prod. Chem. , 23 : 739 – 795 .
  • Hollman , P.C.H. and Katan , M.B. 1999 . Dietary flavonoids: Intake, health effects and bioavailability . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 37 : 937 – 942 .
  • Tomás-Barberán , F.A. and Clifford , M.N. 2000 . Flavanones, chalcones and dihydrochalcones - nature, occurrence and dietary burden . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 80 : 1073 – 1080 .
  • Bentes , A.L.A. , Borges , R.S. , Monteiro , W.R. , Macedo , L.G.M.d. and Alves , C.N. 2011 . Structure of dihydrochalcones and related derivatives and their scavenging and antioxidant activity against oxygen and nitrogen radical species . Molecules , 16 : 1749 – 1760 .
  • Kahle , K. , Kempf , M. , Schreier , P. , Scheppach , W. , Schrenk , D. , Kautenburger , T. , Hecker , D. , Huemmer , W. , Ackermann , M. and Richling , E. 2011 . Intestinal transit and systemic metabolism of apple polyphenols . Eur. J. Nutr. , 50 : 507 – 522 .
  • Thielen , C. , Will , F. , Zacharias , J. , Dietrich , H. and Jacob , H. 2004 . Polyphenols in apples: Distribution of polyphenols in apple tissue and comparison of the fruit with apple juice [in German] . Dtsch. Lebensm. Rundsch. , 100 : 389 – 398 .
  • Versari , A. , Biesenbruch , S. , Barbanti , D. and Farnell , P.J. 1997 . Adulteration of fruit juices: Dihydrochalcones as quality markers for apple juice identification . LWT Food Sci. Technol. , 30 : 585 – 589 .
  • Boots , A. , Haenen , G. and Bast , A. 2008 . Health effects of quercetin: From antioxidant to nutraceutical . Eur. J. Pharmacol. , 585 : 325 – 337 .
  • Oszmianski , J. , Wolniak , M. , Wojdylo , A. and Wawer , I. 2007 . Comparative study of polyphenolic content and antiradical activity of cloudy and clear apple juices . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 87 : 573 – 579 .
  • Angst , E. , Park , J. , Moro , A. , Lu , Q. , Lu , X. , Li , G. , King , J. , Chen , M. , Reber , H. Go , V. 2013 . The flavonoid quercetin inhibits pancreatic cancer growth in vitro and in vivo . Pancreas J. , 42 ( 2 ) : 223 – 229 .
  • Fiuza , S.M. , Gomes , C. , Teixeira , L.J. , Girão Da Cruz , M.T. , Cordeiro , M.N.D.S. , Milhazes , N. , Borges , F. and Marques , M.P.M. 2004 . Phenolic acid derivatives with potential anticancer properties—A structure-activity relationship study. Part 1: Methyl, propyl and octyl esters of caffeic and gallic acids . Bioorgan. Med. Chem. , 12 : 3581 – 3589 .
  • Nishiumi , S. , Miyamoto , S. , Kawabata , K. , Ohnishi , K. , Mukai , R. , Murakami , A. , Ashida , H. and Terao , J. 2011 . Dietary flavonoids as cancer-preventive and therapeutic biofactors . Front. Biosci. (Scholar Edition) , 1 : 1332 – 1362 .
  • Bhushan , S. , Kalia , K. , Sharma , M. , Singh , B. and Ahuja , P.S. 2008 . Processing of apple pomace for bioactive molecules . Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. , 28 : 285 – 296 .
  • Wolfe , K. , Wu , X. and Liu , R.H. 2003 . Antioxidant activity of apple peels . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 51 : 609 – 614 .
  • Kahle , K. , Karaus , M. and Richling , E. 2005 . Polyphenol profiles of apple juices . Mol. Nutr. Food Res. , 49 : 797 – 806 .
  • Van der Sluis , A.A. , Dekker , M. , De Jager , A. and Jongen , W.M.F. 2001 . Activity and concentration of polyphenolic antioxidants in apple: Effect of cultivar, harvest year, and storage conditions . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 49 : 3606 – 3613 .
  • Awad , M.A. , De Jager , A. , Van der Plas , L.H.W. and Van der Krol , A.R. 2001 . Flavonoid and chlorogenic acid changes in skin of ‘elstar’ and ‘jonagold’ apples during development and ripening . Sci. Horticult. , 90 : 69 – 83 .
  • Awad , M.A. , Wagenmakers , P.S. and De Jager , A. 2001 . Effects of light on flavonoid and chlorogenic acid levels in the skin of ‘jonagold’ apples . Sci. Horticult. , 88 : 289 – 298 .
  • Drogoudi , P.D. , Michailidis , Z. and Pantelidis , G. 2008 . Peel and flesh antioxidant content and harvest quality characteristics of seven apple cultivars . Sci. Horticult. , 115 : 149 – 153 .
  • Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA . 2008 . World Markets and Trade: Apple Juice , Washington , DC : United States Department of Agriculture .
  • Bates , R. , Morris , J. and Crandall , P. 2001 . Principles and Practices of Small- and Medium-Scale Fruit Juice Processing , 1 – 357 . Rome : United Nation Food and Agriculture Organization . FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 146
  • Eiselea , T.A. and Drakeb , S.R. 2005 . The partial compositional characteristics of applejuice from 175 apple varieties . J. Food Compos. Anal. , 18 : 213 – 221 .
  • Guyot , S. , Marnet , N. , Sanoner , P. and Drilleau , J.F. 2003 . Variability of the polyphenolic composition of cider apple (malus domestica) fruits and juices . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 51 : 6240 – 6247 .
  • Renard , C.M.G.C. , Baron , A. , Guyot , S. and Drilleau , J.F. 2001 . Interactions between apple cell walls and native apple polyphenols: Quantification and some consequences . Int. J. Biol. Macromol. , 29 : 115 – 125 .
  • Markowski , J. and Witold , P. 2006 . Determination of phenolic compounds in apples and processed apple products . J. Fruit Ornament. Plant Res. , 14 : 133 – 142 .
  • Candrawinata , V.I. , Blades , B.L. , Golding , J.B. , Stathopoulos , C.E and Roach , P.D. 2012 . Effect of clarification on the polyphenolic compound content and antioxidant activity of commercial apple juices . Int. Food Res. J. , 19 : 1055 – 1061 .
  • Markowski , J. , Plocharski , W. and Mieszczakowska , M. 2007 . Effect of cultivar and processing on phenolics and antioxidant activity of apple products . ISHS Acta Horticulturae , 744 : 363 – 368 .
  • Rocha , A.M.C.N. and Morais , A.M.M.B. 2001 . Characterization of polyphenoloxidase (PPO) extracted from ‘jonagored’ apple . Food Control , 12 : 85 – 90 .
  • Barth , S.W. , Fähndrich , C. , Bub , A. , Dietrich , H. , Watzl , B. , Will , F. , Briviba , K. and Rechkemmer , G. 2005 . Cloudy apple juice decreases DNA damage, hyperproliferation and aberrant crypt foci development in the distal colon of DMH-initiated rats . Carcinogenesis , 26 : 1414 – 1421 .
  • Fu , L. , Xu , B.T. , Xu , X.R. , Gan , R.Y. , Zhang , Y. , Xia , E.Q. and Li , H.B. 2011 . Antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents of 62 fruits . Food Chem. , 129 : 345 – 350 .
  • Hollman , P.C.H. 2001 . Evidence for health benefits of plant phenols: Local or systemic effects? . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 81 : 842 – 852 .
  • Jan , A.T. , Kamli , M.R. , Murtaza , I. , Singh , J.B. , Ali , A. and Haq , Q.M.R. 2010 . Dietary flavonoid quercetin and associated health benefits-an overview . Food Rev. Int. , 26 : 302 – 317 .
  • Liu , R.H. 2003 . Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 78 : 517S – 520S .
  • Martínez-Navarrete , N. , del Mar Camacho Vidal , M. and José Martínez Lahuerta , J. 2008 . The bioactive compounds of fruits and their effects on health (in spanish) . Activ. Diet. , 12 : 64 – 68 .
  • Knekt , P. , Isotupa , S. , Rissanen , H. , Heliövaara , M. , Järvinen , R. , Häkkinen , S. , Aromaa , A. and Reunanen , A. 2000 . Quercetin intake and the incidence of cerebrovascular disease . Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. , 54 : 415 – 417 .
  • Scalbert , A. , Manach , C. , Morand , C. , Rémésy , C. and Jiménez , L. 2005 . Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases . Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. , 45 : 287 – 306 .
  • Chai , S.C. , Hooshmand , S. , Saadat , R.L. , Payton , M.E. , Brummel-Smith , K. and Arjmandi , B.H. 2012 . Daily apple versus dried plum: Impact on cardiovascular disease risk factors in postmenopausal women . J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. , 112 : 1158 – 1168 .
  • Pearson , D.A. , Tan , C.H. , German , J.B. , Davis , P.A. and Gershwin , M.E. 1999 . Apple juice inhibits human low density lipoprotein oxidation . Life Sci. , 64 : 1913 – 1920 .
  • Aprikian , O. , Levrat-Verny , M.-A. , Besson , C. , Busserolles , J. , Remesy , C. and Demigne , C. 2001 . Apple favourably affects parameters of cholesterol metabolism and of anti-oxidative protection in cholesterol-fed rats . Food Chem. , 75 : 445 – 453 .
  • Hertog , M.G.L. , Feskens , E.J.M. , Hollman , P.C.H. , Katan , M.B. and Kromhout , D. 1993 . Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: The Zutphen Elderly Study . Lancet , 342 : 1007 – 1011 .
  • Hertog , M.G.L. , Feskens , E.J.M. and Kromhout , D. 1997 . Antioxidant flavonols and coronary heart disease risk . Lancet , 349 : 699
  • Cutler , G.J. , Nettleton , J.A. , Ross , J.A. , Harnack , L.J. , Jacobs , D.R. Jr. , Scrafford , C.G. , Barraj , L.M. , Mink , P.J. and Robien , K. 2008 . Dietary flavonoid intake and risk of cancer in postmenopausal women: The Iowa Women's Health Study . Int. J. Cancer , 123 : 664 – 671 .
  • Hertog , M.G.L. , Feskens , E.J.M. , Hollman , P.C.H. , Katan , M.B. and Kromhout , D. 1994 . Dietary flavonoids and cancer risk in the Zutphen Elderly Study . Nutr. Cancer , 22 : 175 – 184 .
  • Eberhardt , M.V. , Lee , C.Y. and Liu , R.H. 2000 . Antioxidant activity of fresh apples . Nature , 405 : 903 – 904 .
  • McCann , M.J. , Gill , C.I.R. , O’ Brien , G. , Rao , J.R. , McRoberts , W.C. , Hughes , P. , McEntee , R. and Rowland , I.R. 2007 . Anti-cancer properties of phenolics from apple waste on colon carcinogenesis in vitro . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 45 : 1224 – 1230 .
  • Rossi , M. , Negri , E. , Talamini , R. , Bosetti , C. , Parpinel , M. , Gnagnarella , P. , Franceschi , S. , Dal Maso , L. , Montella , M. Giacosa , A. 2006 . Flavonoids and colorectal cancer in italy . Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prevent. , 15 : 1555 – 1558 .
  • Jung , J. , Lee , J. , Kim , J. , Lee , S. , You , G. , Park , S. , Park , J. , Kim , E. , Suh , P. An , J. 2010 . Quercetin suppresses HeLa cell viability via AMPK-induced HSP70 and EGFR down-regulation . J. Cell. Physiol. , 223 : 408 – 414 .
  • Sun , Z. , Chen , G. , Hu , X. , Zhang , W. , Liu , Y. , Zhu , L. , Zhou , Q. and Zhao , Y. 2010 . Activation of pi3k/akt/ikk-alpha/nf-kappab signaling pathway is required for the apoptosis-evasion in human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma: Its inhibition by quercetin . Apoptosis , 17 : 850 – 863 .
  • Vidya , P.R. , Senthil , M.R. , Maitreyi , S. , Ramalingam , K. , Karunagaran , D. and Nagini , S. 2010 . The flavonoid quercetin induces cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells through p53 induction and NF-κB inhibition . Eur. J. Pharmacol. , 649 : 84 – 91 .
  • Johnson , J. , Rupasinghe , S. , Stefani , F. , Schuler , M. and Gonzalez de Mejia , E. 2011 . Citrus flavonoids luteolin, apigenin, and quercetin inhibit glycogen synthase kinase-3ß enzymatic activity by lowering the interaction energy within the binding cavity . J. Med. Food , 14 : 325 – 333 .
  • Wang , K. , Liu , R. , Li , J. , Mao , J. , Lei , Y. , Wu , J. , Zeng , J. , Zhang , T. , Wu , H. Chen , L. 2011 . Quercetin induces protective autophagy in gastric cancer cells: Involvement of akt-mtor- and hypoxia-induced factor 1a-mediated signaling . Autophagy , 7 : 966 – 978 .
  • Woods , R.K. , Walters , E.H. , Raven , J.M. , Wolfe , R. , Ireland , P.D. , Thien , F.C.K. and Abramson , M.J. 2003 . Food and nutrient intakes and asthma risk in young adults . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 78 : 414 – 421 .
  • Shaheen , S.O. , Sterne , J.A.C. , Thompson , R.L. , Songhurst , C.E. , Margetts , B.M. and Burney , P.G.J. 2001 . Dietary antioxidants and asthma in adults: Population-based case-control study . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , 164 : 1823 – 1828 .
  • Clifford , M.N. 2004 . Diet-derived phenols in plasma and tissues and their implications for health . Planta Med. , 70 : 1103 – 1114 .
  • Hanhineva , K. , Törrönen , R. , Bondia-Pons , I. , Pekkinen , J. , Kolehmainen , M. , Mykkänen , H. and Poutanen , K. 2010 . Impact of dietary polyphenols on carbohydrate metabolism . Int. J. Mol. Sci. , 11 : 1365 – 1402 .
  • Soler , C. , Soriano , J.M. and Mañes , J. 2009 . Apple-products phytochemicals and processing: A review . Nat. Prod. Commun. , 4 : 659 – 670 .
  • Mullineaux , P.M. and Creissen , G.P. 1996 . Opportunities for the genetic manipulation of antioxidants in plant foods . Biochem. Soc. Trans. , 24 : 829 – 835 .
  • Campoa , G.d. , Santosa , J.I. , Berregia , I. and Munduateb , A. 2005 . Differentiation of basque ciderapple juices from different cultivars by means of chemometric techniques . Food Control , 16 : 549 – 555 .
  • Lobo , A.P. , García , Y.D. , Sánchez , J.M. , Madrera , R.R. and Valles , B.S. 2009 . Phenolic and antioxidant composition of cider . J. Food Compos. Anal. , 22 : 644 – 648 .
  • de Vito , F. , Ferrari , G. , Lebovka , N.I. , Shynkaryk , N.V. and Vorobiev , E. 2008 . Pulse duration and efficiency of soft cellular tissue disintegration by pulsed electric fields . Food Bioprocess Technol. , 1 : 307 – 313 .
  • Dietrich , H. , Rechner , A. , Patz , C.D. , Bitsch , R. , Böhm , V. , Bitsch , I. and Netzel , M. 2003 . Influence of processing on the phenolic antioxidants of apple juices [in German] . Dtsch. Lebensm. Rundsch. , 99 : 1 – 11 .
  • Angersbach , A. , Heinz , V. and Knorr , D. 2000 . Effects of pulsed electric fields on cell membranes in real food systems . Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. , 1 : 135 – 149 .
  • Bazhal , M. and Vorobiev , E. 2000 . Electrical treatment of apple cossettes for intensifying juice pressing . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 80 : 1668 – 1674 .
  • Bazhal , M.I. 2001 . On the influence of pulse repetition time on the effectiveness of vegetable tissues electroplasmolysis . Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov , : 56 – 63 .
  • Bazhal , M.I. , Lebovka , N.I. and Vorobiev , E. 2001 . Pulsed electric field treatment of apple tissue during compression for juice extraction . J. Food Eng. , 50 : 129 – 139 .
  • Chan , C. , Yusoff , R. , Ngoh , G. and Kung , F. 2011 . Microwave-assisted extractions of active ingredients from plants . J. Chromatogr. A , 1218 : 6213 – 6225 .
  • Dongowski , G. and Sembries , S. 2001 . Effects of commercial pectolytic and cellulolytic enzyme preparations on the apple cell wall . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 49 : 4236 – 4242 .
  • Giner , J. , Gimeno , V. , Barbosa-Cánovas , G.V. and Martín , O. 2001 . Effects of pulsed electric field processing on apple and pear polyphenoloxidases . Food Sci. Technol. Int. , 7 : 339 – 345 .
  • Grimi , N. , Mamouni , F. , Lebovka , N. , Vorobiev , E. and Vaxelaire , J. 2010 . Acoustic impulse response in apple tissues treated by pulsed electric field . Biosyst. Eng. , 105 : 266 – 272 .
  • Grimi , N. , Mamouni , F. , Lebovka , N. , Vorobiev , E. and Vaxelaire , J. 2011 . Impact of apple processing modes on extracted juice quality: Pressing assisted by pulsed electric fields . J. Food Eng. , 103 : 52 – 61 .
  • Heinz , V. , Toepfl , S. and Knorr , D. 2003 . Impact of temperature on lethality and energy efficiency of apple juice pasteurization by pulsed electric fields treatment . Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. , 4 : 167 – 175 .
  • Jemai , A.B. and Vorobiev , E. 2002 . Effect of moderate electric field pulses on the diffusion coefficient of soluble substances from apple slices . Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. , 37 : 73 – 86 .
  • Lebovka , N.I. , Bazhal , M.I. and Vorobiev , E. 2002 . Estimation of characteristic damage time of food materials in pulsed-electric fields . J. Food Eng. , 54 : 337 – 346 .
  • Lebovka , N.I. , Praporscic , I. and Vorobiev , E. 2003 . Enhanced expression of juice from soft vegetable tissues by pulsed electric fields: Consolidation stages analysis . J. Food Eng. , 59 : 309 – 317 .
  • Lebovka , N.I. , Praporscic , I. and Vorobiev , E. 2004 . Combined treatment of apples by pulsed electric fields and by heating at moderate temperature . J. Food Eng. , 65 : 211 – 217 .
  • Li , H. , Deng , Z. , Wu , T. , Liu , R. , Loewen , S. and Tsao , R. 2012 . Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolics with maximal antioxidant activities in tomatoes . Food Chem. , 130 : 928 – 936 .
  • Luthria , D.L. 2012 . Optimization of extraction of phenolic acids from a vegetable waste product using a pressurized liquid extractor . J. Funct. Foods , 4 ( 4 ) : 842 – 850 .
  • Orio , L.L. , Alexandru , L.L. , Cravotto , G.G. , Mantegna , S.S. and Barge , A.A. 2012 . UAE, MAE, SFE-CO2 and classical methods for the extraction of Mitragyna speciosa leaves . Ultrason. Sonochem. , 19 : 591 – 595 .
  • Oszmianski , J. , Wojdylo , A. and Kolniak , J. 2011 . Effect of pectinase treatment on extraction of antioxidant phenols from pomace, for the production of puree-enriched cloudy apple juices . Food Chem. , 127 : 623 – 631 .
  • Rodríguez-Rojo , S. , Visentin , A. , Maestri , D. and Cocero , M.J. 2012 . Assisted extraction of rosemary antioxidants with green solvents . J. Food Eng. , 109 : 98 – 103 .
  • Sack , M. , Sigler , J. , Frenzel , S. , Eing , C. , Arnold , J. , Michelberger , T. , Frey , W. , Attmann , F. , Stukenbrock , L. and Müller , G. 2010 . Research on industrial-scale electroporation devices fostering the extraction of substances from biological tissue . Food Eng. Rev. , 2 : 147 – 156 .
  • Schols , H.A. , H.i , Veld, P. , van Deelen , W. and Voragen , A.G.J. 1991 . The effect of the manufacturing method on the characteristics of apple juice . Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. , 192 : 142 – 148 .
  • Spanos , G.A. , Wrolstad , R.E. and Heatherbell , D.A. 1990 . Influence of processing and storage on the phenolic composition of apple juice . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 38 : 1572 – 1579 .
  • Tabart , J. , Kevers , C. , Sipel , A. , l , Pincemail, J. , Defraigne , J.-O. and Dommes , J. 2007 . Optimisation of extraction of phenolics and antioxidants from black currant leaves and buds and of stability during storage . Food Chem. , 105 : 1268 – 1275 .
  • Taiwo , K.A. , Angersbach , A. and Knorr , D. 2003 . Effects of pulsed electric field on quality factors and mass transfer during osmotic dehydration of apples . J. Food Process Eng. , 26 : 31 – 48 .
  • Vorobiev , E. , Praporscic , L. and Lebovka , N. 2007 . Pulsed electric field assisted solid/liquid expression of agro-food materials: Towards a novel environmentally friendly technology . Filtration , 7 : 45 – 49 .
  • Vuong , Q. , Golding , J. , Stathopoulos , C. , Nguyen , M. and Roach , P. 2011 . Optimizing conditions for the extraction of catechins from green tea using hot water . J. Sep. Sci. , 34 : 3099 – 3106 .
  • Wang , H. and Helliwell , K. 2001 . Determination of flavonols in green and black tea leaves and green tea infusions by high-performance liquid chromatography . Food Res. Int. , 34 : 223 – 227 .
  • Corrales , M. , Toepfl , S. , Butz , P. , Knorr , D. and Tauscher , B. 2008 . Extraction of anthocyanins from grape by-products assisted by ultrasonics, high hydrostatic pressure or pulsed electric fields: A comparison . Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. , 9 : 85 – 91 .
  • Bravo , L. 1998 . Polyphenols: Chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism, and nutritional significance . Nutr. Rev. , 56 : 317 – 333 .
  • Lu , Y. and Foo , L.Y. Identification and quantification of major polyphenols in apple pomace . Food Chem. 1997 , 59 187 – 194 .
  • Williamson , G. and Manach , C. Bioavailability and bioefficiency of polyphenols in humans. II. Review of 93 intervention studies . Amer. J. Clin. Nutri. 2005 , 81 243S – 2455S .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.