Donkey milk: An overview on functionality, technology, and future prospects

References

• Jirillo, F.; Martemucci, G.; D’Alessandro, A.; Panaro, M.; Cianciulli, A.; Superbo, M.; Jirillo, E.; Magrone, T. Ability of goat milk to modulate healthy human peripheral blood lymphomonocyte and polymorphonuclear cell function: in vitro effects and clinical implications. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2010, 16(7), 870–876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tesse, R.; Paglialunga, C.; Braccio, S.; Armenio, L. Adequacy and tolerance to ass’s milk in an italian cohort of children with cow’s milk allergy. Ital. J. Pediatr. 2009, 35(19). doi:10.1186/1824-7288-35-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT DATABASE 2012. http://faostat3.fao.org/
   Google Scholar
• Giosuè, C.; Alabiso, M.; Russo, G.; Alicata, M.; Torrisi C. Jennet milk production during the lactation in a Sicilian farming system. Animal 2008, 2(10), 1491–1495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salimei, E.; Fantuz, F.; Coppola, R.; Chiofalo, B.; Polidori, P.; Varisco, G. Composition and characteristics of ass’s milk. Animal Res. 2004, 53(1), 67–78.
   Google Scholar
• D’Alessandro, A.; Martemucci, G. Lactation curve and effects of milking regimen on milk yield and quality, and udder health in Martina Franca jennies (Equus asinus). J. Anim. Sci. 2012, 90(2), 669–681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Alessandro, A.G.; De Petro, R.D.P.; Claps, S.; Pizzillo, M.; Martemucci, G. Yield and quality of milk and udder health in Martina Franca ass: effects of daily interval and time of machine milking. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 8(2s), 697–699.
   Google Scholar
• D’Alessandro, A.; Martemucci, G. Influence of milking number and frequency on milk production in Martina Franca breed asses. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 6(1s), 643–645.
   Google Scholar
• Alabiso, M.; Giosuè, C.; Alicata, M.; Mazza, F.; Iannolino, G. The effects of different milking intervals and milking times per day in jennet milk production. Animal 2009, 3(04), 543–547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martini, M.; Altomonte, I.; Salari, F. Amiata donkeys: fat globule characteristics, milk gross composition and fatty acids. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 2014, 13(1), 123–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosentino, C.; Paolino, R.; Freschi, P.; Calluso, A. Short communication: Jenny milk production and qualitative characteristics. J. Dairy Sci. 2012, 95(6), 2910–2915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernabucci, U.; Lacetera, N.; Baumgard, L.H.; Rhoads, R.P.; Ronchi, B.; Nardone, A. Metabolic and hormonal acclimation to heat stress in domesticated ruminants. Animal 2010, 4(07), 1167–1183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, H.; Pang, K.; Zhang, X.; Zhao, L.; Chen, S.; Dong, M.; Ren, F. Composition, physiochemical properties, nitrogen fraction distribution, and amino acid profile of donkey milk. J. Dairy Sci. 2007, 90(4), 1635–1643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uniacke-Lowe, T.; Huppertz, T.; Fox P.F. Equine milk proteins: chemistry, structure and nutritional significance. Int Dairy J. 2010, 20(9), 609–629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Agamy, E. The challenge of cow milk protein allergy. Small Rumin. Res. 2007, 68(1), 64–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fantuz, F.; Vincenzetti, S.; Polidori, P.; Vita, A.; Polidori, F.; Salimei, E. editors. Study on the protein fractions of donkey milk. In Proceedings of 14th Congress ASPA (Associazione Scientifica di Produzioni Animali), Firenze, Italy; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Tidona, F.; Criscione, A.; Devold, T.G.; Bordonaro, S.; Marletta, D.; Vegarud, G.E. Protein composition and micelle size of donkey milk with different protein patterns: Effects on digestibility. Int. Dairy J. 2014, 35(1), 57–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivanković, A.; Ramljak, J.; Štulina, I.; Antunac, N.; Bašić, I.; Kelava, N.; Konjačić, M. Characteristics of the lactation, chemical composition milk hygiene quality of the Littoral-Dinaric ass. Mljekarstvo. 2009, 59(2), 107–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martemucci, G.; D’Alessandro, A.G. Fat content, energy value and fatty acid profile of donkey milk during lactation and implications for human nutrition. Lipids Health Dis. 2012, 11(111), 113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salimei, E.; Fantuz, F. Horse and donkey milk. In Milk and dairy products in human nutrition: production, composition and health; Park Y.W., Haenlein G.F.W., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons Press: Oxford, 2013; pp 594–613.
   Google Scholar
• Gastaldi, D.; Bertino, E.; Monti, G.; Baro, C.; Fabris, C.; Lezo, A.; Medana, C.; Baiocchi, C.; Mussap, M.; Galvano, F. Donkey’s milk detailed lipid composition. Front Biosci. (Elite Ed). 2010, 2, 537–546.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salimei, E.; Fantuz, F. Equid milk for human consumption. Int. Dairy J. 2012, 24(2), 130–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iacono, G.; Carroccio, A.; Cavataio, F.; Montalto, G.; Soresi, M.; Balsamo, V. Use of ass’ milk in multiple food allergy. J. Pediat. Gastroenterolo. Nut. 1992, 14(2), 177–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tafaro, A.; Magrone, T.; Jirillo, F.; Martemucci, G.; D’alessandro, A.; Amati, L.; Jirillo, E. Immunological properties of donkey’s milk: its potential use in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2007, 13(36), 3711–3717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claeys, W.; Verraes, C.; Cardoen, S.; De Block, J.; Huyghebaert, A.; Raes, K.; Dewettinck, K.; Herman, L. Consumption of raw or heated milk from different species: An evaluation of the nutritional and potential health benefits. Food Cont. 2014, 42, 188–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunsolo, V.; Costa, A.; Saletti, R.; Muccilli, V.; Foti, S. Detection and sequence determination of a new variant β‐lactoglobulin II from donkey. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2007, 21(8), 1438–1446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gubić, J.M.; Šarić, L.Ć.; Šarić, B.M.; Mandić, A.I.; Jovanov, P.T.; Plavšić, D.V.; Okanović, Đ.G. Microbiological, chemical and sensory properties of domestic donkey’S milk from autochthones Serbian Breed. J. Food Nutr. Res. 2014, 2(9), 633–637.
   Google Scholar
• Uniacke‐Lowe, T.; Fox, P. Equid milk. In Encyclopedia of dairy sciences; Fuquay, J.W., Fox, P.F., McSweeney P.L.H., 2nd Eds.; Academic Press: San Diego, 2011; pp 518–529.
   Google Scholar
• Fantuz, F.; Ferraro, S.; Todini, L.; Piloni, R.; Mariani, P.; Salimei, E. Donkey milk concentration of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and magnesium. Int. Dairy J. 2012, 24(2), 143–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fantuz, F.; Ferraro, S.; Todini, L.; Piloni, R.; Mariani, P.; Malissiova, E.; Salimei, E. Minor and potentially toxic trace elements in milk and blood serum of dairy donkeys. J. Dairy Sci. 2015, 98(8), 5125–5132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potortì, A.G.; Di Bella, G.; Turco, V.L.; Rando, R.; Dugo, G. Non-toxic and potentially toxic elements in Italian donkey milk by ICP-MS and multivariate analysis. J. Food Comp. Anal. 2013, 31(1), 161–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fantuz, F.; Ferraro, S.; Todini, L.; Mariani, P.; Piloni, R.; Salimei, E. Essential trace elements in milk and blood serum of lactating donkeys as affected by lactation stage and dietary supplementation with trace elements. Animal 2013, 7(11), 1893–1899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilandžić, N.; Sedak, M.; Đokić, M.; Solomun Kolanović, B.; Varenina, I.; Božić, Đ.; Končurat, A. Differences of the essential mineral element levels in the milk of Croatian Coldblood horse and Littoral-Dinaric donkey. Mljekarstvo. 2014, 64(1), 12–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darragh, A.; Lonnerdal, B. Human milk. In Encyclopedia of dairy sciences; Fuquay, J.W., Fox, P.F., McSweeney P.L.H., 2nd Eds.; Academic Press: San Diego, 2011; pp 581–590.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, R.R. Comparison of trace elements in milk of four species. J. Dairy Sci. 1992, 75(11), 3050–3055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission E. U. Regulation, 2004. EC 853/2004. Official Journal of the European Union, pp 22–82.
   Google Scholar
• Colavita, G.; Amadoro, C.; Salimei, E. Latte di asina: aspetti igienico-sanitari e normativi. Argomenti SIVEMP. 2011, 3, 61–70.
   Google Scholar
• Chiavari, C.; Coloretti, F.; Nanni, M.; Sorrentino, E.; Grazia, L. Use of donkey’s milk for a fermented beverage with lactobacilli. Le Lait. 2005, 85(6), 481–490.
   Google Scholar
• Coppola, R.; Salimei, E.; Succi, M.; Sorrentino, E.; Nanni, M.; Ranieri, P.; Belliblanes, R.; Grazia, L. Behavior of lactobacillus rhamnosus strains in ass’s milk. Anna. Micro. 2002, 52(1), 55–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X.-Y.; Zhao, L.; Jiang, L.; Dong, M.-L.; Ren, F.-Z. The antimicrobial activity of donkey milk and its microflora changes during storage. Food Cont. 2008, 19(12), 1191–1195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doreau, M.; Martin-Rosset, W. Dairy animals: horse. In Encyclopedia of dairy sciences; Fuquay, J.W., Fox, P.F., McSweeney P.L.H., 2nd Eds.; Academic Press: San Diego, 2011; pp 358–364.
   Google Scholar
• Cavallarin, L.; Giribaldi, M.; de los Dolores Soto-Del, M.; Valle, E.; Barbarino, G.; Gennero, M.S.; Civera, T. A survey on the milk chemical and microbiological quality in dairy donkey farms located in NorthWestern Italy. Food Control 2015, 50, 230–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conte, F.; Foti, M.; Malvisi, M.; Giacopello, C.; Piccinini, R. Assessment of antibacterial activity of donkey milk lysozyme. Safety and hygiene issues. Large Anim. Rev. 2012, 18(1), 13–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conte, F.; Passantino, A. Guidelines for physical, chemical and hygienic quality and safety control of donkey’s milk. Milchwissenschaft. 2009, 64(1), 85–88.
   Google Scholar
• Conte, F.; Scatassa, M.; Monsu, G.; Lo Verde, V.; Finocchiaro, A.; De Fino, M. Monitoring of safety and quality of donkey’s milk. In Food safety assurance and veterinary public health: Towards a risk-based chain control; Smulders, F.J.M., Collins, J.D., 1st Eds.; Wageningen Academic Publishers Press: Netherlands, 2006; pp 265–268.
   Google Scholar
• Pilla, R.; Daprà, V.; Zecconi, A.; Piccinini, R. Hygienic and health characteristics of donkey milk during a follow-up study. J. Dairy Res. 2010, 77(04), 392–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarno, E.; Santoro, A.M.; Di Palo, R.; Costanzo, N. Microbiological quality of raw donkey milk from Campania Region. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 2012, 11(3), 49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verraes, C.; Claeys, W.; Cardoen, S.; Daube, G.; De Zutter, L.; Imberechts, H.; Dierick, K.; Herman, L. A review of the microbiological hazards of raw milk from animal species other than cows. Int. Dairy J. 2014, 39(1), 121–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carminati, D.; Tidona, F.; Fornasari, M.; Rossetti, L.; Meucci, A.; Giraffa, G. Biotyping of cultivable lactic acid bacteria isolated from donkey milk. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2014, 59(3), 299–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Šarić, L.Ć.; Šarić, B.M.; Mandić, A.I.; Torbica, A.M.; Tomić, J.M.; Cvetković, D.D.; Okanović, Đ.G. Antibacterial properties of domestic Balkan donkeys’ milk. Int. Dairy J. 2012, 25(2), 142–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neviani, E.; Carminati, D.; Veaux, M.; Hermier, J.; Giraffa, G. Characterization of lactobacillus helveticus strains resistant to lysozyme. Le Lait. 1991, 71(1), 65–73.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, D.G.; Park, J.-M.; Kang, H.; Hong, S.-Y.; Lee, K.R.; Chang, H.-B.; Trujillo, M.E. Asinibacterium lactis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Chitinophagaceae, isolated from donkey (Equus asinus) milk. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2013, 63(9), 3180–3185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Bella, G.; Potortì, A.G.; Turco, V.L.; Licata, P.; Rastrelli, L.; Dugo, G. Donkey’s milk safety: POCs and PCBs levels and infant daily intake. Food Control 2014, 46, 210–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazzaro, F.; Orlando, P.; Fratianni, F.; Coppola, R. Isolation of components with antimicrobial property from the donkey milk: A preliminary study. Open Food Sci. J. 2010, 4, 43–47.
   Google Scholar
• Civardi, G.; Curadi, M.; Orlandi, M.; Cattaneo, T.; Giangiacomo, R. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) applied to analysis of mare’s milk. Milchwissenschaft. 2002, 57(9–10), 515–517.
   Google Scholar
• Miranda, G.; Mahé, M.F.; Leroux, C.; Martin, P. Proteomic tools to characterize the protein fraction of Equidae milk. Proteomics 2004, 4(8), 2496–2509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosentino, C.; Paolino, R.; Freschi, P.; Calluso, A. Short communication: Jenny milk as an inhibitor of late blowing in cheese: A preliminary report. J. Dairy Sci. 2013, 96(6), 3547–3550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosentino, C.; Paolino, R.; Valentini V.; Musto M.; Ricciardi A.; Adduci F.; D’Adamo C.; Pecora G.; Freschi P. Effect of jenny milk addition on the inhibition of late blowing in semihard cheese. J. Dairy Sci. 2015, 98(8), 5133–5142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galassi, L.; Salimei, E.; Zanazzi, M. Impiego del latte di asina in sostituzione di lisozima da uovo nella produzione del formaggio duro italiano: prime esperienze [Grana Padano cheese making with lysozyme from ass’s milk: first results]. J. Ital. Dairy Sci. Assoc. 2012, 63(1), 73–79.
   Google Scholar
• Mao, X.; Gu, J.; Sun, Y.; Xu, S.; Zhang, X.; Yang, H.; Ren, F. Anti-proliferative and anti-tumour effect of active components in donkey milk on A549 human lung cancer cells. Int. Dairy J. 2009, 19(11), 703–708.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monti, G.; Bertino, E.; Muratore, M.C.; Coscia, A.; Cresi, F.; Silvestro, L.; Fabris, C.; Fortunato, D.; Giuffrida, M.G.; Conti, A. Efficacy of donkey’s milk in treating highly problematic cow’s milk allergic children: an in vivo and in vitro study. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 2007, 18(3), 258–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sa, A.; Krishnaa, R.S.; Pavithrab, V.; Hemalathab, V.; Ingalea, P. Production and antibacterial activity of bacteriocin by Lactobacillus paracasei isolated from donkey milk. Int. J. Curr. Sci. 2011, 1, 109–115.
   Google Scholar
• Murua, A.; Todorov, S.; Vieira, A.; Martinez, R.; Cencič, A.; Franco, B. Isolation and identification of bacteriocinogenic strain of Lactobacillus plantarum with potential beneficial properties from donkey milk. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2013, 114(6), 1793–1809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westermarck, E. Ritual and Belief in Morocco: Vol. II. Eds.; Routledge Press: New York. 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Center for Diseases and Prevention.Pertussis: About outbreaks. 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/outbreaks/about.html (accessed March, 10, 2014).
   Google Scholar
• Center for Diseases and Prevention.Pertussis in Other Countries. 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/countries.html (accessed March 10, 2014).
   Google Scholar
• Korhonen, H.; Pihlanto, A. Bioactive peptides: production and functionality. Int. Dairy J. 2006, 16(9), 945–960.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tidona, F.; Sekse, C.; Criscione, A.; Jacobsen, M.; Bordonaro, S.; Marletta, D.; Vegarud, G.E. Antimicrobial effect of donkeys’ milk digested in vitro with human gastrointestinal enzymes. Int. Dairy J. 2011, 21(3), 158–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bidasolo, I.B.; Ramos, M.; Gomez-Ruiz, J.A. In vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of donkeys’ milk. Peptide characterization by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Int. Dairy J. 2012, 24(2), 146–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brumini, D.; Furlund, C.B.; Comi, I.; Devold, T.G.; Marletta, D.; Vegarud, G.E.; Jonassen, C.M. Antiviral activity of donkey milk protein fractions on echovirus type 5. Int. Dairy J. 2013, 28(2), 109–111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Civardi, G.; Curadi, M.; Orlandi, M.; Cattaneo, T.; Giangiacomo, R.; Egito, A.; Haertlé, T. Composition of mare and donkey milk fatty acids and protein. Milchwissenschaft; 2002, 57, 515–517.
   Google Scholar
• Peng, S.; Yang, Y.; Li, S.; Wu, Q.; Shah, N.P.; Wei, H.; Xu, F. Immunomodulatory activities of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ZDY114 and donkey milk in BALB/c mice. Int. Dairy J. 2014, 34(2), 263–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crittenden, R.G.; Bennett, L.E. Cow’s milk allergy: a complex disorder. J, Am. Coll. Nutr. 2005, 24(6), 582S–591S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Host, A.; Halken, S. Cow’s Milk Allergy: Where have we come from and where are we going? Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets. 2014, 14(1), 2–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polidori, P.; Vincenzetti, S. Use of donkey milk in children with cow’s milk protein allergy. Foods. 2013, 2(2), 151–159.
   Google Scholar
• Caffarelli, C.; Baldi, F.; Bendandi, B.; Calzone, L.; Marani, M.; Pasquinelli, P. Cow’s milk protein allergy in children: a practical guide. Ital. J. Pediatr. 2010, 36(5), 1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muraro, M.A.; Giampietro, P.G.; Galli, E. Soy formulas and nonbovine milk. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002, 89(6), 97–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swar, M.O. Donkey milk-based formula: A substitute for patients with cow’s milk protein allergy.Sudan. J. Paediatr. 2011, 11(2), 21–24.
   Google Scholar
• Vincenzetti, S.; Polidori, P.; Mariani, P.; Cammertoni, N.; Fantuz, F.; Vita, A. Donkey’s milk protein fractions characterization. Food Chem. 2008, 106(2), 640–649.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincenzetti, S.; Savini, M.; Cecchini, C.; Micozzi, D.; Carpi, F.; Vita, A.; Polidori, P. Effects of lyophilization and use of Probiotics on donkey’s milk nutritional characteristics. Int. J. Food Eng. 2011, 7(5). doi:10.2202/1556-3758.2032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Cagno, R.; Tamborrino, A.; Gallo, G.; Leone, C.; De Angelis, M.; Faccia, M.; Amirante, P.; Gobbetti, M. Uses of mares’ milk in manufacture of fermented milks. Int. Dairy J. 2004, 14(9), 767–775.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polidori, P.; Vincenzetti, S. Effects of thermal treatments on donkey milk nutritional characteristics. Recent Pat. Food Nutr. Agric. 2013, 5(3), 182–187.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar