Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Polyphenol-Rich Extracts in Macrophages via NF-κB Pathway

References

• McMacken, M.; Shah, S. A Plant-Based Diet for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. J.Geriatric Cardiol. 2017, 14(5), 342–354. DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.05.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, R. H. Health-Promoting Components of Fruits and Vegetables in the Diet. Adv. Nutr. 2013, 4(3), 384S–392S. DOI: 10.3945/an.112.003517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, K. B.; Rizvi, S. I. Plant Polyphenols as Dietary Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2009, 2(5), 270–278. DOI: 10.4161/oxim.2.5.9498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merecz-Sadowska, A.; Sitarek, P.; Śliwiński, T.; Zajdel, R. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Extracts and Pure Compounds Derived from Plants via Modulation of Signaling Pathways, Especially Pi3k/akt in Macrophages. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(24), 1–32. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249605.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caban, M.; Owczarek, K.; Chojnacka, K.; Lewandowska, U. Overview of Polyphenols and Polyphenol-Rich Extracts as Modulators of IGF-1, IGF-1R, and IGFBP Expression in Cancer Diseases. J. Funct. Foods. 2019, 52. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.003.
   Google Scholar
• Chojnacka, K.; Lewandowska, U. The Antiangiogenic Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts and Its Implication on Cancer Chemoprevention. Food Rev. Int. 2020, 36(1), 77–103. DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1630634.
   Google Scholar
• Chojnacka, K.; Lewandowska, U. Chemopreventive Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts Against Cancer Invasiveness and Metastasis by Inhibition of Type IV Collagenases Expression and Activity. J. Funct. Foods. 2018, 46. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H.; Park, J.; Tak, K.-H.; Bu, S. Y.; Kim, E. Chemopreventive Effects of Curcumin on Chemically Induced Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis in Bk5.Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Transgenic Mice. Vitr. Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim. 2014, 50(9), 883–892. DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9791-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olejnik, A.; Kowalska, K.; Olkowicz, M.; Rychlik, J.; Juzwa, W.; Myszka, K.; Dembczyński, R.; Białas, W. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Gastrointestinal Digested Sambucus Nigra L. Fruit Extract Analysed in Co-Cultured Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages. J. Funct. Foods. 2015, 19, 649–660. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caban, M.; Owczarek, K.; Chojnacka, K.; Lewandowska, U. Overview of Polyphenols and Polyphenol-Rich Extracts as Modulators of Inflammatory Response in Dry Eye Syndrome. Food Rev. Int. 2021, 1–28. DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1874412.
   Google Scholar
• Valko, M.; Leibfritz, D.; Moncol, J.; Cronin, M. T. D.; Mazur, M.; Telser, J. Free Radicals and Antioxidants in Normal Physiological Functions and Human Disease. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2007, 39(1), 44–84. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caban, M.; Chojnacka, K.; Owczarek, K.; Laskowska, J.; Fichna, J.; Podsedek, A.; Sosnowska, D.; Lewandowska, U. Spent Hops (Humulus Lupulus L.) Extract as Modulator of the Inflammatory Response in Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated Raw 264.7 Macrophages. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2020, 71(1), 47–58. DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2020.1.05.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owczarek, K.; Hrabec, E.; Fichna, J.; Sosnowska, D.; Koziołkiewicz, M.; Szymański, J.; Lewandowska, U. Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-KappaB, Cyclooxygenase-2, and Metalloproteinase-9 Expression by Flavanols from Evening Primrose (Oenothera Paradoxa) in Human Colon Cancer SW-480 Cells. J. Funct. Foods. 2017, 37, 553–563. DOI: 10.1016/J.JFF.2017.08.029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sałaga, M.; Lewandowska, U.; Sosnowska, D.; Zakrzewski, P. K.; Cygankiewicz, A. I.; Piechota-Polańczyk, A.; Sobczak, M.; Mosinska, P.; Chen, C.; Krajewska, W. M., et al. Polyphenol Extract from Evening Primrose Pomace Alleviates Experimental Colitis After Intracolonic and Oral Administration in Mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2014, 387(11), 1069–1078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewandowska, U.; Szewczyk, K.; Owczarek, K.; Hrabec, Z.; Podsędek, A.; Sosnowska, D.; Hrabec, E. Procyanidins from Evening Primrose (Oenothera Paradoxa) Defatted Seeds Inhibit Invasiveness of Breast Cancer Cells and Modulate the Expression of Selected Genes Involved in Angiogenesis, Metastasis, and Apoptosis. Nutr. Cancer. 2013, 65(8), 1219–1231. DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.830314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, M.; Hong, J. Roles of NF-ΚB in Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases and Their Therapeutic Approaches. Cells. 2016, 5(2), 15. DOI: 10.3390/cells5020015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aggarwal, B. B.; Shishodia, S. Molecular Targets of Dietary Agents for Prevention and Therapy of Cancer. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2006, 71(10), 1397–1421. DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.02.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence, T. Macrophages and NF-JB in Cancer. Assess. Eval. High. Educ. 2012, 37(October), 435. DOI: 10.1007/82_2010_100.
   Google Scholar
• Duque, G. A.; Descoteaux, A. Macrophage Cytokines: Involvement in Immunity and Infectious Diseases. Front. Immunol. 2014. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffield, J. S. The Inflammatory Macrophage: A Story of Jekyll and Hyde. Clin. Sci. 2003, 104(1), 27. DOI: 10.1042/CS20020240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saqib, U.; Sarkar, S.; Suk, K.; Mohammad, O.; Baig, M. S.; Savai, R. Phytochemicals as Modulators of M1-M2 Macrophages in Inflammation. Oncotarget. 2018, 9(25), 17937–17950. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24788.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cildir, G.; Low, K. C.; Tergaonkar, V. Noncanonical NF-ΚB Signaling in Health and Disease. Trends Mol. Med. 2016, 22(5), 414–429. DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.03.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence, T. The Nuclear Factor NF-KappaB Pathway in Inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009, 1(6), 1–10. DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a001651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorrington, M. G.; Fraser, I. D. C. NF-ΚB Signaling in Macrophages: Dynamics, Crosstalk, and Signal Integration. Front. Immunol. 2019, 10(APR). DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00705.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu, T.; Zhang, L.; Joo, D.; Sun, S. C. NF-ΚB Signaling in Inflammation. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 2017 , 2(1). DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.23.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, S.; Vargas, J.; Hoffmann, A. Signaling via the NFκB System. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Syst. Biol. Med. 2016, 8(3), 227–241. DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Q.; Leonardo, M. J.; Baltimore, D. 30 Years of NF-ΚB: A Blossoming of Relevance to Human Pathobiology. Cell. 2017, 168(1–2), 37–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozaki, K.; Leonard, W. J. Cytokine and Cytokine Receptor Pleiotropy and Redundancy. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277(33), 29355–29358. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.R200003200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, E. Y.; Moudgil, K. D. Regulation of Autoimmune Inflammation by Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. Immunol. Lett. 2008, 120(1–2), 1–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.07.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanada, T.; Yoshimura, A. Regulation of Cytokine Signaling and Inflammation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2002, 13(4–5), 413–421. DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6101(02)00026-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moudgil, K. D.; Choubey, D. Cytokines in Autoimmunity: Role in Induction, Regulation, and Treatment. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 2011, 31(10), 695–703. DOI: 10.1089/jir.2011.0065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kany, S.; Vollrath, J. T.; Relja, B. Cytokines in Inflammatory Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(23), 6008. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley, J. R. TNF-Mediated Inflammatory Disease. J. Pathol. 2008, 214(2), 149–160. DOI: 10.1002/path.2287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parameswaran, N.; Patial, S. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Signaling in Macrophages. Crit. Rev. Eukaryotic Gene Express. 2010, 20(2), 87–103. DOI: 10.1615/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v20.i2.10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garlanda, C.; Dinarello, C. A.; Mantovani, A. The Interleukin-1 Family: Back to the Future. Immunity. 2013, 39(6), 1003–1018. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.11.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unver, N.; McAllister, F. IL-6 Family Cytokines: Key Inflammatory Mediators as Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2018, 41, 10–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.04.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheller, J.; Chalaris, A.; Schmidt-Arras, D.; Rose-John, S. The Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Cytokine Interleukin-6. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell. Res. 2011, 1813(5), 878–888. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.01.034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S. A.; Park, B. R.; Moon, S. M.; Han, S. H.; Kim, C. S. Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Trifolium Pratense L. Leaf Extract in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells and in a Rat Model of Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation. Arch. Physiol. Biochem. 2018, 1–8. DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1493607.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mu, H.; Bai, Y. H.; Wang, S. T.; Zhu, Z. M.; Zhang, Y. W. Research on Antioxidant Effects and Estrogenic Effect of Formononetin from Trifolium Pratense (Red Clover). Phytomedicine. 2009, 16(4), 314–319. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.07.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaisavljevic, S.; Kaurinovic, B.; Popovic, M.; Djurendic-Brenesel, M.; Vasiljevic, B.; Cvetkovic, D.; Vasiljevic, S. Trifolium Pratense L. as a Potential Natural Antioxidant. Molecules. 2014, 19(1), 713–725. DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C. C.; Choy, C. S.; Liu, Y. H.; Cheah, K. P.; Li, J. S.; Wang, J. T. J.; Yu, W. Y.; Lin, C. W.; Cheng, H. W.; Hu, C. M. Protective Effect of Dried Safflower Petal Aqueous Extract and Its Main Constituent, Carthamus Yellow, Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW264.7 Macrophages. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2011, 91(2), 218–225. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du, L.; Li, J.; Zhang, X.; Wang, L.; Zhang, W.; Yang, M.; Hou, C. Pomegranate Peel Polyphenols Inhibits Inflammation in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages via the Suppression of TLR4/NF-ΚB Pathway Activation. Food Nutr. Res. 2019, 63(December 2018), 1–12. DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.3392.
   Google Scholar
• Qomaladewi, N. P.; Aziz, N.; Kim, M.-Y.; Cho, J. Y. Piper Cubeba L. Methanol Extract Has Anti-Inflammatory Activity Targeting Src/syk via NF- κ B Inhibition. Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2019, 2019, 1–8. DOI: 10.1155/2019/1548125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, C.; Kang, J.; Ferguson, M. E.; Nagarajan, S.; Badger, T. M.; Wu, X. Blueberries Reduce Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 Production in Mouse Macrophages by Inhibiting NF-ΚB Activation and the MAPK Pathway. Mol. Nutr Food Res. 2011, 55(10), 1587–1591. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, D. J.; Chang, Y. Y.; Lin, H. W.; Chen, Y. C.; Hsu, S. H.; Lin, J. T. Inhibitory Effect of Litchi (Litchi Chinensis Sonn.) Flower on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Expression of Proinflammatory Mediators in RAW264.7 Cells Through NF-ΚB, ERK, and JAK2/STAT3 Inactivation. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 2014, 62(15), 3458–3465. DOI: 10.1021/jf5003705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, C. Y.; Jiang, J. G.; Huang, C. L.; Zhu, W.; Zheng, C. Y. Polyphenols from Blossoms of Citrus Aurantium L. Var. Amara Engl. Show Significant Anti-Complement and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 2017, 65(41), 9061–9068. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesan, T.; Park, E. J.; Choi, Y. W.; Lee, J.; Kim, Y. K. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ternstroemia Gymnanthera Stem Bark Extracts in Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Murine Macrophage Cells. Pharm. Biol. 2017, 55(1), 837–846. DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1278778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syama, H. P.; Sithara, T.; Lekshmy Krishnan, S.; Jayamurthy, P. Syzygium Cumini Seed Attenuates LPS Induced Inflammatory Response in Murine Macrophage Cell Line RAW264.7 Through NF-ΚB Translocation. J. Funct. Foods. 2018, 44(January), 218–226. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.027.
   Google Scholar
• Guo, C.; Bi, J.; Li, X.; Lyu, J.; Liu, X.; Wu, X.; Liu, J. Immunomodulation Effects of Polyphenols from Thinned Peach Treated by Different Drying Methods on RAW264.7 Cells Through the NF-ΚB and Nrf2 Pathways. Food Chem. 2021, 340(2), 127931. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127931.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hwang, J. H.; Kim, K. J.; Lee, B. Y. Crude Ecklonia Cava Flake Extracts Attenuate Inflammation Through the Regulation of TLR4 Signaling Pathway in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. Molecules. 2017, 22(5), 5. DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050777.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harbeoui, H.; Hichami, A.; Wannes, W. A.; Lemput, J.; Tounsi, M. S.; Khan, N. A. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.) Seed Extract Through the Downregulation of NF-ΚB and MAPK Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages. South African J. Bot. 2019, 125, 1–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2019.06.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sittisart, P.; Chitsomboon, B.; Kaminski, N. E. Pseuderanthemum Palatiferum Leaf Extract Inhibits the Proinflammatory Cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6 Expression in LPS-Activated Macrophages. Food. Chem. Toxicol. 2016, 97, 11–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samsami-Kor, M.; Daryani, N. E.; Asl, P. R.; Hekmatdoost, A. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Resveratrol in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Arch. Med. Res. 2015, 46(4), 280–285. DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.05.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scaioli, E.; Belluzzi, A.; Ricciardiello, L.; Del Rio, D.; Rotondo, E.; Mena, P.; Derlindati, E.; Danesi, F. Pomegranate Juice to Reduce Fecal Calprotectin Levels in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients with a High Risk of Clinical Relapse: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Trials. 2019, 20(1), 1–9. DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3321-8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramsewak, R. S.; DeWitt, D. L.; Nair, M. G. Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Curcumins I–III from Curcuma Longa. Phytomedicine. 2000, 7(4), 303–308. DOI: 10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80048-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shan, J.; Fu, J.; Zhao, Z.; Kong, X.; Huang, H.; Luo, L.; Yin, Z. Chlorogenic Acid Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in RAW264.7 Cells Through Suppressing NF-ΚB and JNK/AP-1 Activation. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2009, 9(9), 1042–1048. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.04.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh, S. W.; Cha, J. Y.; Jung, J. E.; Chang, B. C.; Kwon, H. J.; Lee, B. R.; Kim, D. Y. Curcumin Attenuates Allergic Airway Inflammation and Hyper-Responsiveness in Mice Through NF-ΚB Inhibition. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2011, 136(3), 414–421. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, H.; Chen, C.; Sun, W.; Zang, Y.; Li, Q.; Wang, W.; Zeng, F.; Liu, J.; Zhou, Y.; Zhou, Q., et al. Phenolic C -Glycosides and Aglycones from Marine-Derived Aspergillus Sp. and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities. J. Nat. Prod. 2019, 82(5), 1098–1106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owczarek, K.; Fichna, J., and Lewandowska, U. Aktywność Przeciwzapalna Związków Polifenolowych Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds. Post. Fitoter. 2017, 18(1), 17–23.
   Google Scholar
• Dung, T. T. M.; Lee, J.; Kim, E.; Yoo, B. C.; Ha, V. T.; Kim, Y.; Yoon, D. H.; Hong, S.; Baek, K. S.; Sung, N. Y., et al. Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Gouania Leptostachya Methanol Extract and Its Constituent Resveratrol. Phyther. Res. 2015, 29(3), 381–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, A.; Han, C.; Fang, X.; Sun, J.; Chen, X.; Wan, F. Extractable and Non-Extractable Polyphenols from Blueberries Modulate LPS-Induced Expression of INOS and COX-2 in RAW264.7 Macrophages via the NF-ΚB Signalling Pathway. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2016, 96(10), 3393–3400. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Q.; Yuan, B.; Xiao, H.; Zhao, L.; Wu, X.; Rakariyatham, K.; Zhong, L.; Han, Y.; Muinde Kimatu, B.; Yang, W. Polyphenols-Rich Extract From: Pleurotus Eryngii with Growth Inhibitory of HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells and Anti-Inflammatory Function in RAW264.7 Cells. Food Funct. 2018, 9(3), 1601–1611. DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01794d.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organization, W. H. Overweight and Obesity, 2020.https://www.who./news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
   Google Scholar
• Ricker, M. A.; Haas, W. C. Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Clinical Practice: A Review. Nutr. Clin. Pract. 2017, 32(3), 318–325. DOI: 10.1177/0884533617700353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiNicolantonio, J. J.; O’-Keefe, J. H. Good Fats versus Bad Fats: A Comparison of Fatty Acids in the Promotion of Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, and Obesity. Mo. Med. 2017, 114(4), 303–307.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kinney, J. W.; Bemiller, S. M.; Murtishaw, A. S.; Leisgang, A. M.; Salazar, A. M.; Lamb, B. T. Inflammation as a Central Mechanism in Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer’s Dement. Transl. Res. Clin. Interv. 2018, 4(1), 575–590. DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.06.014.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petrus-Reurer, S.; Romano, M.; Howlett, S.; Jones, J. L.; Lombardi, G.; Saeb-Parsy, K. Immunological Considerations and Challenges for Regenerative Cellular Therapies. Commun. Biol. 2021, 4(1), 798. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02237-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sardo, C. L.; Kitzmiller, J. P.; Apseloff, G.; Harris, R. B.; Roe, D. J.; Stoner, G. D.; Jacobs, E. T. An Open-Label Randomized Crossover Trial of Lyophilized Black Raspberries on Postprandial Inflammation in Older Overweight Males: A Pilot Study. Am. J. Ther. 2016, 23(1), e86–e91. DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e3182a40bf8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edirisinghe, I.; Banaszewski, K.; Cappozzo, J.; Sandhya, K.; Ellis, C. L.; Tadapaneni, R.; Kappagoda, C. T.; Burton-Freeman, B. M. Strawberry Anthocyanin and Its Association with Postprandial Inflammation and Insulin. Br. J. Nutr. 2011, 106(6), 913–922. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511001176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelishadi, R.; Gidding, S. S.; Hashemi, M.; Hashemipour, M.; Zakerameli, A.; Poursafa, P. Acute and Long Term Effects of Grape and Pomegranate Juice Consumption on Endothelial Dysfunction in Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome. J. Res. Med. Sci. 2011, 16(3), 245–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsaeyan, N.; Mozaffari-Khosravi, H.; Absalan, A.; Mozayan, M. R. Beneficial Effects of Cocoa on Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Investigation of Probable Interactions of Cocoa Active Ingredients with Prostaglandin Synthase-2 (PTGS-2/COX-2) Using Virtual Analysis. J. Diabetes Metab. Disord. 2014, 13(1), 1–9. DOI: 10.1186/2251-6581-13-30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thrift, A. G.; Re Donnan, G. A. Does Tea Affect Cardiovascular Disease? a Meta-Analysis. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2002, 156(5), 490–491. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwf066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haghighatdoost, F.; Hariri, M. The Effect of Green Tea on Inflammatory Mediators: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Phyther. Res. 2019, 33(9), 2274–2287. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar