REFERENCES
- Bechara , A. , Damasio , H. , Tranel , D. and Anderson , S. W. 1998 . Dissociation of working memory from decision making within the human prefrontal cortex . The Journal of Neuroscience , 18 : 428 – 437 .
- Bechara , A. , Damasio , H. , Tanel , D. and Damasio , A. R. 1997 . Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy . Science , 275 : 1293 – 1295 .
- Bechara , A. , Damasio , A. R. , Damasio , H. and Anderson , S. W. 1994 . Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex . Cognition , 50 : 7 – 15 .
- Bechara , A. , Tranel , D. and Damasio , H. 2000 . Characterization of the decision-making deficit of patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions . Brain , 123 : 2189 – 2202 .
- Bechara , A. , Tranel , D. , Damasio , H. and Damasio , A. R. 1996 . Failure to respond autonomically to anticipated future outcomes following damage to prefrontal cortex . Cerebral Cortex , 6 : 215 – 225 .
- Bolla , K. I. , Eldreth , D. A. , Matochik , J. A. and Cadet , J. L. 2004 . Sex-related differences in a gambling task and it's neurological correlates . Cerebral Cortex , 14 : 1226 – 1232 .
- Boyer , T. W. 2006 . The development of risk-taking: A multi-perspective view . Developmental Review , 26 : 291 – 345 .
- Budhani , S. and Blair , R. J. R. 2005 . Response reversal and children with psychopathic tendencies: Success is a function of salience of contingency change . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 46 : 972 – 981 .
- Byrnes , J. P. , Miller , D. C. and Schafer , W. D. 1999 . Gender differences in risk taking: A meta-analysis . Psychological Bulletin , 125 : 367 – 383 .
- Casey , B. J. , Tottenham , N. , Liston , C. and Durston , S. 2005 . Imaging the developing brain: What have we learned about cognitive development? . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 9 : 104 – 110 .
- Choudhury , S. , Blakemore , S. and Charman , T. 2006 . Social cognitive development during adolescence . Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience , 1 : 165 – 174 .
- Clark , L. , Manes , F. , Antoun , N. , Sahakian , B. and Robbins , T. W. 2003 . The contributions of lesion laterality and lesion volume to decision-making impairment following frontal lobe damage . Neuropsychologia , 41 : 1474 – 1483 .
- Cohen , M. X , Heller , A. S. and Ranganath , C. 2005 . Brain connectivity with anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices during decision-making . Cognitive Brain Research , 23 : 61 – 70 .
- Cohn , L. D. , Macfarlane , S. , Yanez , C. and Imai , W. K. 1995 . Risk perception: Differences between adolescents and adults . Health Psychology , 14 : 217 – 222 .
- Crone , E. A. , Vendel , I. and Van der Molen , M. W. 2003 . Decision-making in disinhibited adolescents and adults: Insensitivity to future consequences or driven by immediate reward? . Personality and Individual Differences , 35 : 1625 – 1641 .
- Crone , E. A. and Van der Molen , M. W. 2004 . Developmental changes in real-life decision-making: Performance on a gambling task previously shown to depend on the ventromedial prefrontal cortex . Developmental Neuropsychology , 25 : 251 – 279 .
- Crone , E. A. , Bunge , S. A. , Latenstein , H. and Van der Molen , M. W. 2005 . Characterization of children's decision-making: Sensitivity to punishment frequency, not task complexity . Child Neuropsychology , 11 : 245 – 263 .
- Ernst , M. , Bolla , K. , Mouratidis , M. , Contoreggi , C. , Matochik , J. A. Kurian , V. 2002 . Decision-making in a risk-taking task: A PET study . Neuropsychopharmacology , 26 : 682 – 691 .
- Ernst , M. , Nelson , E. E. , Jazbec , S. P. , McClure , E. B. , Monk , C. S. Leibenluft , E. 2005 . Amygdala and nucleus accumbens in responses to receipt and omission of gains in adults and adolescents . NeuroImage , 25 : 1279 – 1291 .
- Farrington , D. P. and Loeber , R. 2000 . Some benefits in the dichotomization in psychiatric and criminological research . Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health , 10 : 100 – 122 .
- Feij , J. A. and Van Zuilen , R. W. 1984 . Handleiding bij de Spanningsbehoeftelijst (SBL) , Lisse, , the Netherlands : Swets & Zeitlinger [Manual of the Dutch Sensation Seeking Scale (SBL)] .
- Feij , J. A. and Kuiper , C. M. 1984 . Adolescent Temperament Lijst (ATL) , Lisse, , the Netherlands : Swets & Zeitlinger [Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire] .
- Fromme , K. , Katz , E. C. and Rivet , K. 1997 . Outcome expectancies and risk-taking behavior . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 4 : 421 – 442 .
- Furby , L. and Beyth-Marom , R. 1992 . Risk taking in adolescence: A decision-making perspective . Developmental Review , 12 : 1 – 44 .
- Galvan , A. , Hare , T. A. , Parra , C. E. , Penn , J. , Voss , H. Glover , G. 2006 . Earlier development of the accumbens relative to orbitofrontal cortex might underlie risk-taking behavior in adolescents . The Journal of Neuroscience , 26 : 6885 – 6892 .
- Gardner , M. and Steinberg , L. 2005 . Peer influence on risk taking, risk preference, and risky decision making in adolescence and adulthood: An experimental study . Developmental Psychology , 41 : 625 – 635 .
- Garon , N. and Moore , C. 2004 . Complex decision-making in early childhood . Brain and Cognition , 55 : 158 – 170 .
- Gerrard , M. , Gibbons , F. X. , Benthin , A. C. and Hessling , R. M. 1996 . A longitudinal study of the reciprocal nature of risk behaviors and cognitions in adolescents: What you do shapes what you think, and vice versa . Health Psychology , 15 : 344 – 354 .
- Giedd , J. N. , Blumenthal , J. , Jeffries , N. O. , Castellanos , F. X. , Liu , H. Zijdenbos , A. 1999 . Brain development during childhood and adolescence: A longitudinal MRI study . Nature Neuroscience , 2 : 861 – 863 .
- Gogtay , N. , Giedd , J. N. , Lusk , L. , Hayashi , K. M. , Greenstein , D. Vaituzis , A. C. 2004 . Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 101 : 8174 – 8179 .
- Goldberg , J. H. , Halpern-Felsher , B. L. and Millstein , S. G. 2002 . Beyond invulnerability: The importance of benefits in adolescents' decision to drink alcohol . Health Psychology , 21 : 477 – 484 .
- Hooper , C. J. , Luciana , M. , Conklin , H. M. and Yarger , R. S. 2004 . Adolescents' performance on the Iowa gambling task: Implications for the development of decision making and ventromedial prefrontal cortex . Developmental Psychology , 40 : 1148 – 1158 .
- Kerr , A. and Zelazo , P. D. 2004 . Development of “hot” executive function: The children's gambling task . Brain and Cognition , 55 : 148 – 157 .
- Kirkham , N. Z. and Diamond , A. 2003 . Sorting between theories of perseveration: Performance in conflict tasks requires memory, attention and inhibition . Developmental Science , 6 : 474 – 476 .
- Krain , A. L. , Wilson , A. M. , Arbuckle , R. , Castellanos , F. X. and Milham , M. P. 2006 . Distinct neural mechanisms of risk and ambiguity: A meta-analysis of decision making . Neuroimage , 32 : 477 – 484 .
- Lavery , B. , Siegel , A. W. , Cousins , J. H. and Rubovits , D. S. 1993 . Adolescent risk-taking: An analysis of problem behaviors in problem children . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 55 : 277 – 294 .
- Lejuez , C. W. , Read , J. P. , Kahler , C. W. , Richards , J. B. , Ramsey , S. E. Stuart , G. L. 2002 . Evaluation of a behavioral measure of risk-taking: The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied , 8 : 75 – 84 .
- Lejuez , C. W. , Aklin , W. M. , Zvolensky , M. J. and Pedulla , C. M. 2003 . Evaluation of the balloon analogue risk task (BART) as a predictor of adolescent real-world risk-taking behaviours . Journal of Adolescence , 26 : 475 – 479 .
- Moore , S. and Gullone , E. 1996 . Predicting adolescent risk behavior using a personalized cost-benefit analysis . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 25 : 343 – 359 .
- Overman , W. H. 2004 . Sex differences in early childhood, adolescence, and adulthood on cognitive tasks that rely on orbital prefrontal cortex . Brain and Cognition , 55 : 134 – 147 .
- Rahman , S. , Sahakian , B. J. , Cardinal , R. N. , Rogers , R. D. and Robbins , T. W. 2001 . Decision making and neurpsychiatry . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 5 : 271 – 277 .
- Raven , J. , Raven , J. C. and Court , J. H. 1998 . Manual for Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales , San Antonio, TX : Harcourt Assessment Section 1: General Overview .
- Reavis , R. and Overman , W. 2001 . Adult sex differences on a decision making task previously shown to depend on the orbital prefrontal cortex . Behavioral Neuoscience , 117 : 196 – 206 .
- Rogers , R. D. , Owen , A. M. , Middleton , H. C. , Williams , E. J. , Pickard , J. D. Sahakian , B. J. 1999 . Choosing between small, likely rewards and large, unlikely rewards activates inferior and orbital prefrontal cortex . Journal of Neuroscience , 19 : 9029 – 9038 .
- Rolls , E. T. , Hornak , J. , Wade , D. and McGrath , J. 1994 . Emotion-related learning in patients with social and emotional changes associated with frontal lobe damage . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 57 : 1518 – 1524 .
- Schlottmann , A. 2001 . Children's probability intuitions: Understanding the expected value of complex gambles . Child Development , 72 : 103 – 122 .
- Steinberg , L. 2004 . Risk taking in adolescence: What changes and why? . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 1021 : 51 – 58 .
- Van Leijenhorst , L. , Crone , E. A. and Bunge , S. A. 2006 . Neural correlates of developmental differences in risk estimation and feedback processing . Neuropsychologia , 44 : 2158 – 2170 .
- Zuckerman , M. 1979 . Sensation seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
- Zuckerman , M. , Eysenck , S. and Eysenck , H. J. 1978 . Sensation seeking in England and America: Cross-cultural, age, and sex comparisons . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 46 : 139 – 149 .