2,012
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Systematic overview of neuroanatomical differences in ADHD: Definitive evidence

ORCID Icon, &

References

  • Aoki, Y., Inokuchi, R., Suwa, H., & Aoki, A. (2013). Age-related change of neurochemical abnormality in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37(8), 1692–1701. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.019
  • Aron, A. R., & Poldrack, R. A. (2005). The cognitive neuroscience of response inhibition: Relevance for genetic research in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1285–1292. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.026
  • Boonstra, A. M., Oosterlaan, J., Sergeant, J. A., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2005). Executive functioning in adult ADHD: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Medicine, 35(8), 1097–1108. doi:10.1017/S003329170500499X
  • Booth, A., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Moher, D., Petticrew, M., & Stewart, L. (2011). An international registry of systematic-review protocols. The Lancet, 377(9760), 108–109. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60903-8
  • Brown, F. C., Roth, R. M., & Katz, L. J. (2015). Allocentric but not egocentric visual memory difficulties in adults with ADHD may represent cognitive inefficiency. Psychiatry Research, 228(3), 649–658. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.051
  • Bunse, T., Wobrock, T., Strube, W., Padberg, F., Palm, U., Falkai, P., & Hasan, A. (2014). Motor cortical excitability assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review. Brain Stimulation, 7(2), 158–169. doi:10.1016/j.brs.2013.08.009
  • Bush, G., Valera, E. M., & Seidman, L. J. (2005). Functional neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review and suggested future directions. Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1273–1284. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.034
  • Cao, M., Shu, N., Cao, Q., Wang, Y., & He, Y. (2014). Imaging functional and structural brain connectomics in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Molecular Neurobiology, 50(3), 1111–1123. doi:10.1007/s12035-014-8685-x
  • Carp, J., & Compton, R. J. (2009). Alpha power is influenced by performance errors. Psychophysiology, 46(2), 336–343. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00773.x
  • Castellanos, F. X., & Acosta, M. T. (2002). El sindrome de deficit de atencion con hiperactividad como expresion de un trastorno funcional organico. Revista De Neurologia, 35(1), 1–11.
  • Castellanos, F. X., & Proal, E. (2012). Large-scale brain systems in ADHD: Beyond the prefrontal-striatal model. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(1), 17–26. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.007
  • Chen, L., Hu, X., Ouyang, L., He, N., Liao, Y., Liu, Q., … Gong, Q. (2016). A systematic review and meta-analysis of tract-based spatial statistics studies regarding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 68, 838–847. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.022
  • Cherkasova, M. V., & Hechtman, L. (2009). Neuroimaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Beyond the frontostriatal circuitry. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(10), 651–664. doi:10.1177/070674370905401002
  • Cole, M. W., & Schneider, W. (2007). The cognitive control network: Integrated cortical regions with dissociable functions. NeuroImage, 37(1), 343–360. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.071
  • The Cochrane Collaboration. (2011). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0. In J. P. Higgins, & S. Green (Eds.).
  • Cooper, P. S., Wong, A. S. W., Fulham, W. R., Thienel, R., Mansfield, E., Michie, P. T., & Karayanidis, F. (2015). Theta frontoparietal connectivity associated with proactive and reactive cognitive control processes. NeuroImage, 108, 354–363. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.028
  • Cortese, S., Kelly, C., Chabernaud, C., Proal, E., Di Martino, A., Milham, M. P., & Castellanos, F. X. (2012). Toward systems neuroscience of ADHD: A meta-analysis of 55 fMRI sudies. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(10), 1038–1055. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11101521
  • Cubillo, A., Halari, R., Smith, A., Taylor, E., & Rubia, K. (2012). A review of fronto-striatal and fronto-cortical brain abnormalities in children and adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and new evidence for dysfunction in adults with ADHD during motivation and attention. Cortex, 48(2), 194–215. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.04.007
  • Dickstein, S. G., Bannon, K., Xavier Castellanos, F., & Milham, M. P. (2006). The neural correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ALE meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 47(10), 1051–1062. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01671.x
  • Durston, S. (2003). A review of the biological bases of ADHD: What have we learned from imaging studies? Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 9(3), 184–195. doi:10.1002/mrdd.10079
  • Durston, S., De Zeeuw, P., & Staal, W. G. (2009). Imaging genetics in ADHD: A focus on cognitive control. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 33(5), 674–689. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.08.009
  • Dutra, T. G., Baltar, A., & Monte-Silva, K. K. (2016). Motor cortex excitability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 56, 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2016.01.022
  • Eickhoff, S. B., Bzdok, D., Laird, A. R., Kurth, F., & Fox, P. T. (2012). Activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis revisited. NeuroImage, 59(3), 2349–2361. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.017
  • Ellison-Wright, I., Ellison-Wright, Z., & Bullmore, E. (2008). Structural brain change in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder identified by meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 51. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-8-51
  • Emond, V., Joyal, C., & Poissant, H. (2009). Neuroanatomie structurelle et fonctionnelle du trouble déficitaire dattention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDAH). Encephale, 35(2), 107–114. doi:10.1016/j.encep.2008.01.005
  • Faraone, S. V., & Biederman, J. (1998). Neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 44(10), 951–958. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00240-6
  • Frodl, T., & Skokauskas, N. (2012). Meta-analysis of structural MRI studies in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder indicates treatment effects. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 125(2), 114–126. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01786.x
  • García Murillo, L., Cortese, S., Anderson, D., Di Martino, A., & Castellanos, F. X. (2015). Locomotor activity measures in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Meta-analyses and new findings. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 252, 14–26. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.03.001
  • Germano, G. D., Pinheiro, F. H., Okuda, P. M. M., & Capellini, S. A. (2013). Visual-motor perception in students with attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder. CoDAS, 25(4), 337–341. doi:10.1590/S2317-17822013000400007
  • Giedd, J. N., Blumenthal, J., Molloy, E., & Castellanos, F. X. (2001). Brain imaging of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 931, 33–49. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05772.x
  • Graziano, P. A., & Garcia, A. (2016). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and children’s emotion dysregulation: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.011
  • Harding, I. H., Yücel, M., Harrison, B. J., Pantelis, C., & Breakspear, M. (2015). Effective connectivity within the frontoparietal control network differentiates cognitive control and working memory. NeuroImage, 106, 144–153. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.039
  • Hart, H., Radua, J., Mataix-Cols, D., & Rubia, K. (2012). Meta-analysis of fMRI studies of timing in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(10), 2248–2256. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.08.003
  • Hart, H., Radua, J., Nakao, T., Mataix-Cols, D., & Rubia, K. (2013). Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of inhibition and attention in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Exploring task-specific, stimulant medication, and age effects. JAMA Psychiatry, 70(2), 185–198. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.277
  • Herrmann, M. J., Biehl, S. C., Jacob, C., & Deckert, J. (2010). Neurobiological and psychophysiological correlates of emotional dysregulation in ADHD patients. ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 2(4), 233–239. doi:10.1007/s12402-010-0047-6
  • Hlinka, J., Alexakis, C., Diukova, A., Liddle, P. F., & Auer, D. P. (2010). Slow EEG pattern predicts reduced intrinsic functional connectivity in the default mode network: An inter-subject analysis. NeuroImage, 53(1), 239–246. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.002
  • Hutchinson, A. D., Mathias, J. L., & Banich, M. T. (2008). Corpus callosum morphology in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology, 22(3), 341–349. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.22.3.341
  • The Joanna Briggs Institute. (2014). Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual: 2014 edition/Supplement. Adelaide, Australia.
  • Kaiser, M. L., Schoemaker, M. M., Albaret, J. M., & Geuze, R. H. (2015). What is the evidence of impaired motor skills and motor control among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? Systematic review of the literature. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 36, 338–357. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.09.023
  • Kelly, A. M. C., Margulies, D. S., & Castellanos, F. X. (2007). Recent advances in structural and functional brain imaging studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports, 9(5), 401–407. doi:10.1007/s11920-007-0052-4
  • Kofler, M. J., Rapport, M. D., Sarver, D. E., Raiker, J. S., Orban, S. A., Friedman, L. M., & Kolomeyer, E. G. (2013). Reaction time variability in ADHD: A meta-analytic review of 319 studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 795–811. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.06.001
  • Konrad, K., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2010). Is the ADHD brain wired differently? A review on structural and functional connectivity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Human Brain Mapping, 31(6), 904–916. doi:10.1002/hbm.21058
  • Laird, A. R., Eickhoff, S. B., Kurth, F., Fox, P. M., Uecker, A. M., Turner, J. A., … Fox, P. T. (2009). ALE meta-analysis workflows via the brainmap database: Progress towards a probabilistic functional brain atlas. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 3, 23. doi:10.3389/neuro.11.023.2009
  • Lansbergen, M. M., Kenemans, J. L., & Van Engeland, H. (2007). Stroop interference and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychology, 21(2), 251–262. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.21.2.251
  • Lei, D., Du, M., Wu, M., Chen, T., Huang, X., Du, X., … Gong, Q. (2015). Functional MRI reveals different response inhibition between adults and children with ADHD. Neuropsychology, 29(6), 874–881. doi:10.1037/neu0000200
  • Lijffijt, M., Kenemans, J. L., Verbaten, M. N., & Van Engeland, H. (2005). A meta-analytic review of stopping performance in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Deficient inhibitory motor control? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(2), 216–222. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.114.2.216
  • Loo, S. K., & Makeig, S. (2012). Clinical utility of EEG in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A research update. Neurotherapeutics, 9(3), 569–587. doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0131-z
  • Mendeley Ltd. (2016). Mendeley desktop. Version, 1.17.6. Elsevier/Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  • Mana, S., Paillere Martinot, M. L., & Martinot, J. L. (2010). Brain imaging findings in children and adolescents with mental disorders: A cross-sectional review. European Psychiatry, 25(6), 345–354. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.04.010
  • Matthews, M., Nigg, J. T., & Fair, D. A. (2013). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, 16, 235–266. doi:10.1007/7854_2013_249
  • McCarthy, H., Skokauskas, N., & Frodl, T. (2014). Identifying a consistent pattern of neural function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 44(4), 869–880. doi:10.1017/S0033291713001037
  • Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., … Stewart, L. A. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews, 4(1), 1. doi:10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
  • Montori, V. M., Wilczynski, N. L., Morgan, D., & Haynes, R. B. (2005). Optimal search strategies for retrieving systematic reviews from Medline: Analytical survey. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 330(7482), 68. doi:10.1136/bmj.38336.804167.47
  • Mowinckel, A. M., Pedersen, M. L., Eilertsen, E., & Biele, G. (2015). A meta-analysis of decision-making and attention in adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 19(5), 355–367. doi:10.1177/1087054714558872
  • Mullane, J. C., & Klein, R. M. (2008). Literature review: Visual search by children with and without ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 12(1), 44–53. doi:10.1177/1087054707305116
  • Nakao, T., Radua, J., Rubia, K., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2011). Gray matter volume abnormalities in ADHD: Voxel-based meta-analysis exploring the effects of age and stimulant medication. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(11), 1154–1163. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11020281
  • Noreika, V., Falter, C. M., & Rubia, K. (2013). Timing deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Evidence from neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychologia, 51(2), 235–266. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.036
  • Paloyelis, Y., Mehta, M. A., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P. (2007). Functional MRI in ADHD: A systematic literature review. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 7(10), 1337–1356. doi:10.1586/14737175.7.10.1337
  • Pappa, I., Mileva-Seitz, V. R., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Tiemeier, H., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2015). The magnificent seven: A quantitative review of dopamine receptor d4 and its association with child behavior. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 57, 175–186. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.009
  • Pauli-Pott, U., & Becker, K. (2015). Time windows matter in ADHD-related developing neuropsychological basic deficits: A comprehensive review and meta-regression analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 55, 165–172. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.011
  • Perlov, E., Philipsen, A., Matthies, S., Drieling, T., Maier, S., Bubl, E., … Tebartz Van, E. L. (2009). Spectroscopic findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Review and meta-analysis. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry : the Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, 10(4 Pt 2), 355–365. doi:10.1080/15622970802176032
  • Plichta, M. M., & Scheres, A. (2014). Ventral-striatal responsiveness during reward anticipation in ADHD and its relation to trait impulsivity in the healthy population: A meta-analytic review of the fMRI literature. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 38, 125–134. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.012
  • Polanczyk, G. V., Salum, G. A., Sugaya, L. S., Caye, A., & Rohde, L. A. (2015). Annual research review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 56(3), 345–365. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12381
  • Posner, J., Park, C., & Wang, Z. (2014). Connecting the dots: A review of resting connectivity MRI studies in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychology Review, 24(1), 3–15. doi:10.1007/s11065-014-9251-z
  • Rogers, J. C., & De Brito, S. A. (2015). Cortical and subcortical gray matter volume in youths with conduct problems a meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 73, 1–9. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2423
  • Rothwell, J. C., Day, B. L., Thompson, P. D., & Kujirai, T. (2009). Short latency intracortical inhibition: One of the most popular tools in human motor neurophysiology. The Journal of Physiology, 587(1), 11–12. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2008.162461
  • Rubia, K. (2011). “Cool” inferior frontostriatal dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder versus “hot” ventromedial orbitofrontal-limbic dysfunction in conduct disorder: A review. Biological Psychiatry, 69(12), e69–87. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.023
  • Rubia, K., Alegria, A., & Brinson, H. (2014b). Imaging the ADHD brain: Disorder-specificity, medication effects and clinical translation. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 14(5), 519–538. doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.907526
  • Rubia, K., Alegria, A. A., & Brinson, H. (2014a). Brain abnormalities in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A review. Rev Neurol, 58, S3–S18.
  • Rubia, K., Halari, R., Christakou, A., & Taylor, E. (2009). Impulsiveness as a timing disturbance: Neurocognitive abnormalities in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during temporal processes and normalization with methylphenidate. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 364(1525), 1919–1931. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0014
  • Rudo-Hutt, A. S. (2015). Electroencephalography and externalizing behavior: A meta-analysis. Biological Psychology, 105, 1–19. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.12.005
  • Sampson, M., McGowan, J., Cogo, E., Grimshaw, J., Moher, D., & Lefebvre, C. (2009). An evidence-based practice guideline for the peer review of electronic search strategies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(9), 944–952. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.10.012
  • Schunemann, H. J., Oxman, A. D., Higgins, J. P., Vist, G. E., Glasziou, P. P., & Guyatt, G. H. (2008). Presenting results and “Summary of Findings” tables. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series, 335–357. doi:10.1002/9780470712184.ch11
  • Schwartz, K., & Verhaeghen, P. (2008). ADHD and Stroop interference from age 9 to age 41 years: A meta-analysis of developmental effects. Psychological Medicine, 38(11), 1607–1616. doi:10.1017/S003329170700267X
  • Seymour, K. E., Reinblatt, S. P., Benson, L., & Carnell, S. (2015). Overlapping neurobehavioral circuits in ADHD, obesity, and binge eating: Evidence from neuroimaging research. CNS Spectrums, 20(4), 401–411. doi:10.1017/S1092852915000383
  • Sigi Hale, T., Hariri, A. R., & McCracken, J. T. (2000). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Perspectives from neuroimaging. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 6(3), 214–219. doi:10.1002/1098-2779(2000)6:3<214::AID-MRDD9>3.0.CO;2-M
  • Smith, V., Devane, D., Begley, C. M., & Clarke, M. (2011). Methodology in conducting a systematic review of systematic reviews of healthcare interventions. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11(1), 15. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-11-15
  • Snyder, S. M., & Hall, J. R. (2006). A meta-analysis of quantitative EEG power associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 23(5), 440–455. doi:10.1097/01.wnp.0000221363.12503.78
  • Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2005). Causal models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: From common simple deficits to multiple developmental pathways. Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1231–1238. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.008
  • Spencer, A. E., Uchida, M., Kenworthy, T., Keary, C. J., & Biederman, J. (2014). Glutamatergic dysregulation in pediatric psychiatric disorders. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 75(11), 1226–1241. doi:10.4088/JCP.13r08767
  • Stanley, J. A., Kipp, H., Greisenegger, E., MacMaster, F. P., Panchalingam, K., Pettegrew, J. W., … Bukstein, O. G. (2006). Regionally specific alterations in membrane phospholipids in children with ADHD: An in vivo 31P spectroscopy study. Psychiatry Research, 148(2–3), 217–221. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.08.003
  • Swanson, J. M., Kinsbourne, M., Nigg, J., Lanphear, B., Stefanatos, G. A., Volkow, N., … Wadhwa, P. D. (2007). Etiologic subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Brain imaging, molecular genetic and environmental factors and the dopamine hypothesis. Neuropsychology Review, 17(1), 39–59. doi:10.1007/s11065-007-9019-9
  • Swanson, J. M., Sergeant, J. A., Taylor, E., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Jensen, P. S., & Cantwell, D. P. (1998). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperkinetic disorder. Lancet, 351(9100), 429–433. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11450-7
  • Tannock, R. (1998). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Advances in cognitive, neurobiological, and genetic research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 39(1), 65–99. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00304
  • Tye, C., McLoughlin, G., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P. (2011). Electrophysiological markers of genetic risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine, 13(March), e9. doi:10.1017/S1462399411001797
  • Valera, E. M., Faraone, S. V., Murray, K. E., & Seidman, L. J. (2007). Meta-analysis of structural imaging findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 61(12), 1361–1369. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.011
  • Van Ewijk, H., Heslenfeld, D. J., Zwiers, M. P., Buitelaar, J. K., & Oosterlaan, J. (2012). Diffusion tensor imaging in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(4), 1093–1106. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.01.003
  • Van Mourik, R., Oosterlaan, J., & Sergeant, J. A. (2005). The Stroop revisited: A meta-analysis of interference control in AD/HD. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 46(2), 150–165. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00345.x
  • Weyandt, L., Swentosky, A., & Gudmundsdottir, B. G. (2013). Neuroimaging and ADHD: FMRI, PET, DTI findings, and methodological limitations. Developmental Neuropsychology, 38(4), 211–225. doi:10.1080/87565641.2013.783833
  • Wilczynski, N. L., & Haynes, R. B. (2007). EMBASE search strategies achieved high sensitivity and specificity for retrieving methodologically sound systematic reviews. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 60(1), 29–33. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.04.001
  • Willis, W. G., & Weiler, M. D. (2005). Neural substrates of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Electroencephalographic and magnetic resonance imaging evidence. Developmental Neuropsychology, 27(1), 135–182. doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2701_6
  • Yeo, B. T. T., Krienen, F. M., Sepulcre, J., Sabuncu, M. R., Lashkari, D., Hollinshead, M., … Buckner, R. L. (2011). The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. Journal of Neurophysiology, 106(3), 1125–1165. doi:10.1152/jn.00338.2011
  • Zimmer, L. (2009). Positron emission tomography neuroimaging for a better understanding of the biology of ADHD. Neuropharmacology, 57(7–8), 601–607. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.08.001

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.