References
- Bauer , R. H. 1977 . Memory processes in children with learning disabilities: Evidence for deficient rehearsal . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 24 : 415 – 430 .
- Bauer , R. H. 1979 . Recall after a short delay and acquisition in learning disabled and non‐disabled children . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 12 : 596 – 607 .
- Bender , L. 1946 . Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test , Odessa, FL : Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. .
- Benton , A. L. 1975 . “ Developmental dyslexia: Neurological aspects ” . In Advances in neurology , Edited by: Friedlander , W. J. Vol. 7 , 1 – 47 . New York : Raven .
- Boder , E. 1973 . Developmental dyslexia: A diagnostic approach based on three atypical reading‐spelling patterns . Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , 15 : 663 – 687 .
- Brady , H. V. 1987 . Interactive effects of mnemonic strategies and patterns of cognitive ability on short‐term memory performance of learning disabled children , Iowa City : University of Iowa . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
- Brainerd , C. J. , Kingma , J. and Howe , M. L. 1986 . “ Long‐term memory development and learning disability: Storage and retrieval loci of disabled/nondisabled differences ” . In Handbook of cognitive, social, and neuropsychological aspects of learning disabilities , Edited by: Ceci , S. 161 – 184 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. .
- Chi , M. T. 1976 . Short‐term memory limitations in children: Capacity or processing deficits? . Memory and Cognition , 4 : 559 – 572 .
- Dallago , M. L. and Moely , B. E. 1980 . Free recall in boys of normal and poor reading levels as a function of task manipulations . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 30 : 62 – 78 .
- Denclda , M. B. 1977 . “ Minimal brain dysfunction and dyslexia: Beyond diagnosis by exclusion ” . In Child neurology , Edited by: Blaw , M. E. , Rapin , I. and Kinsbourne , M. 243 – 262 . New York : Spectrum .
- Ellis , M. 1981 . Visual and name coding in dyslexic children . Psychological Research , 43 : 201 – 218 .
- Fisk , J. L. and Rourke , B. P. 1979 . Identification of subtypes of learning disabled children: A neuropsychological, multivariate approach . Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 1 : 289 – 310 .
- Fletcher , J. M. 1985 . Memory for verbal and nonverbal stimuli in learning disability subgroups: Analysis of selective reminding . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 40 : 244 – 259 .
- Fletcher , J. M. 1986 . “ External validation of learning disability topologies ” . In Neuropsychology of learning disabilities: Essentials of subtype analysis , Edited by: Rourke , B. P. 187 – 211 . New York : Guilford .
- Gagné , E. D. 1985 . The cognitive psychology of school learning , Boston : Little Brown .
- Hiskey , M. 1966 . Hiskey‐Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude , Lincoln, NE : Union College Press .
- Jastak , J. F. , Bijou , S. W. and Jastak , S. 1978 . Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) , Wilmington, DE : Jastak Associates .
- Johnson , D. and Myklebust , H. 1967 . Learning disabilities: Educational principles and practice , New York : Grune & Stratton .
- Kirk , S. , McCarthy , J. and Kirk , L. 1968 . The Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Ability , Urbana : Illinois University Press .
- Koppitz , E. M. 1963 . The Bender Gestalt Test for Young Children , New York : Grune & Stratton .
- Lezak , M. D. 1983 . Neuropsychological assessment , New York : Oxford University Press .
- Lindgren , S. D. and Richman , L. C. 1984 . Immediate memory functions of verbally deficient reading‐disabled children . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 17 : 222 – 225 .
- Lindgren , S. D. , Richman , L. C. and Eliason , M. J. 1986 . Memory processes in reading disability subtypes . Developmental Neuropsychology , 2 : 173 – 181 .
- Mattis , S. 1978 . “ Dyslexia syndromes: A working hypothesis that really works ” . In Dyslexia: An appraisal of current knowledge , Edited by: Benton , A. L. and Pearl , D. 43 – 58 . New York : Oxford University Press .
- Mattis , S. , French , J. H. and Rapin , I. 1975 . Dyslexia in children and young adults: Three independent neuropsychological syndromes . Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , 17 : 150 – 163 .
- McCracken , R. A. 1966 . Standard Reading Inventory (SRI) , Klamath Falls, OR : Klamath .
- Morris , R. , Blashfield , R. and Satz , P. 1981 . Neuropsychology and cluster analysis: Problems and pitfalls . Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 3 : 79 – 99 .
- Olson , R. K. , Davidson , B. J. , Kliegle , R. and Davis , S. E. 1984 . Development of phonetic memory in disabled and normal readers . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 37 : 187 – 206 .
- Perfetti , C. A. and Lesgold , A. M. 1979 . “ Coding and comprehension in skilled reading and implications for reading instruction ” . In Theory and practice in early reading , Edited by: Resnick , L. B. and Weaver , P. 57 – 84 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. .
- Petrauskas , R. J. and Rourke , B. P. 1979 . Identification of subtypes of retarded readers: A neuropsychological, multivariate approach . Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 1 : 17 – 37 .
- Rey , A. 1964 . L'examen clinique en psychologie , Paris : Presses Universitaires de France .
- Richman , L. C. and Lindgren , S. D. 1980 . Patterns of intellectual ability in children with verbal deficits . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 8 : 65 – 81 .
- Rourke , B. P. 1985 . Neuropsychology of learning disabilities: Essentials of subtype analysis , New York : Guilford .
- Rourke , B. P. and Finlayson , M. A. J. 1978 . Neuropsychological significance of variations in patterns of academic performance: Verbal and visual disabilities . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 6 : 121 – 133 .
- Rourke , B. P. and Strang , J. D. 1978 . Neuropsychological significance of variations in patterns of academic performance: Motor, psychomotor, and tactile‐perceptual abilities . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 2 : 62 – 66 .
- Satz , P. and Morris , R. 1981 . “ Learning disability subtypes: A review ” . In Neuropsychological and cognitive processes in reading , Edited by: Pirozzolo , F. J. and Wittrock , M. C. 109 – 144 . New York : Academic .
- Strang , J. D. and Rourke , B. P. 1983 . Concept‐formation/non‐verbal reasoning abilities of children who exhibit specific academic problems in arithmetic . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 12 : 33 – 39 .
- Swanson , L. 1983 . Effects of rehearsal activity and level of word processing on learning disabled and normal readers’ recall . Journal of General Psychology , 108 : 61 – 72 .
- Tarver , S. G. , Hallahan , D. P. , Kauffman , J. M. and Ball , D. W. 1976 . Verbal rehearsal and selective attention in children with learning diabilities: A developmental lag . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 22 : 375 – 386 .
- Torgesen , J. K. 1977 . Memorization processes in reading disabled children . Journal of Educational Psychology , 69 : 571 – 578 .
- Torgesen , J. K. 1982 . “ The study of short‐term memory in learning disabled children: Goals, methods, and conclusions ” . In Advances in learning and behavioral disorders , Edited by: Gadow , K. and Bailer , I. Vol. 1 , 117 – 149 . Greenwich, CT : JAI .
- Torgesen , J. K. 1985 . Memory processes in reading disabled children . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 18 : 350 – 357 .
- Torgesen , J. K. and Goldman , T. 1977 . Rehearsal and short‐term memory in reading disabled children . Child Development , 48 : 56 – 60 .
- Torgesen , J. K. and Houck , D. G. 1980 . Processing deficiencies of learning disabled children who perform poorly on the Digit Span test . Journal of Educational Psychology , 72 : 141 – 160 .
- Wechsler , D. 1974 . Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Revised , New York : Psychological Corporation .
- Winer , B. J. 1971 . Statistical principles in experimental design , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
- Wood , K. M. , Richman , L. C. and Eliason , M. E. in press . Immediate memory functions in reading disability subtypes . Brain and Language ,