References
- Benton , A. 1986 . Reaction time in brain disease: Some reflections . Cortex , 22 : 129 – 149 .
- Comstock , E. M. 1973 . Processing capacity in a letter‐matching task . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 100 : 63 – 72 .
- Craik , F. I. M. and Byrd , M. 1982 . “ Aging and cognitive deficits ” . In Aging and cognitive processes , Edited by: Craik , F. I. M. and Trehub , S. 191 – 211 . New York : Plenum .
- Craik , F. I. M. and McDowd , J. M. 1987 . Age differences in recall and recognition . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 13 : 474 – 479 .
- Duara , R. , Margolin , R. A. , Robertson‐Tchabo , E. A. , London , E. D. , Schwartz , M. , Renfrew , J. W. , Koziarz , B. J. , Sundaram , M. , Grady , C. , Moore , A. M. , Ingvar , D. H. , Sokoloff , L. , Weingartner , H. , Kessler , R. M. , Manning , R. G. , Channing , M. A. , Cutler , N. R. and Rapoport , S. I. 1983 . Cerebral glucose utilization as measured with positron emission tomography in 21 resting healthy men between the ages of 21 and 83 years . Brain , 106 : 761 – 775 .
- Fisk , A. D. , Derrick , W. L. and Schneider , W. 1986 . A methodological assessment and evaluation of dual‐task paradigms . Current Psychological Research and Reviews , 5 : 315 – 327 .
- Hasher , L. M. and Zacks , R. 1979 . Automatic and effortful processes in memory . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 108 : 356 – 388 .
- Hines , T. , Poon , L. W. , Cerella , J. and Fozard , J. L. 1982 . Age‐related differences in the time course of encoding . Experimental Aging Research , 8 : 175 – 178 .
- Hoffman , J. E. 1986 . Spatial attention in vision . Psychological Research , 48 : 221 – 229 .
- Howard , D. V. , Shaw , R. J. and Heissey , J. G. 1986 . Aging and the time course of semantic activation . Journal of Gerontology , 41 : 195 – 203 .
- Johnson , P. J. , Forester , J. A. , Calderwood , R. and Weisgerber , S. A. 1983 . Resource allocation and the attentional demands of letter encoding . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 4 : 616 – 638 .
- Kahneman , D. 1973 . Attention and effort , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice‐Hall .
- Kahneman , D. and Treisman , A. 1984 . “ Changing views of attention and automaticity ” . In Varieties of attention , Edited by: Parasuraman , R. and Davies , D. R. 29 – 61 . Orlando, FL : Academic .
- Kausler , D. H. 1982 . Experimental psychology and aging , New York : Wiley .
- Macht , M. L. and Buschke , H. 1983 . Age differences in cognitive effort in recall . Journal of Gerontology , 38 : 695 – 700 .
- Madden , D. J. 1984 . Data‐driven and memory‐driven selective attention in visual search . Journal of Gerontology , 39 : 72 – 78 .
- Madden , D. J. 1986 . Adult age differences in the attentional capacity demands of visual search . Cognitive Development , 1 : 335 – 363 .
- Madden , D. J. 1987 . Aging, attention, and the use of meaning during visual search . Cognitive Development , 2 : 201 – 216 .
- Mahurin , R. K. and Pirozzolo , F. J. 1986 . Chronometric analysis: Clinical applications in aging and dementia . Developmental Neuropsychology , 2 : 345 – 362 .
- McDowd , J. M. 1986 . The effects of age and extended practice on divided attention performance . Journal of Gerontology , 41 : 764 – 769 .
- McLeod , P. 1978 . Does probe RT measure central processing demands? . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 30 : 83 – 89 .
- Millar , K. 1975 . Processing capacity requirements of stimulus encoding . Acta Psychologica , 39 : 393 – 410 .
- Milner , D. A. 1986 . Chronometric analysis in neuropsychology . Neuropsychologia , 24 (1) : 115 – 128 .
- Naveh‐Benjamin , M. 1987 . Coding of spatial location information: An automatic process? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 13 : 595 – 605 .
- Ogden , W. C. , Martin , D. W. and Paap , K. R. 1980 . Processing demands of encoding: What does secondary task performance reflect? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 6 : 355 – 367 .
- Parasuraman , R. and Nestor , P. 1986 . “ Energetics of attention and Alzheimer's disease ” . In Energetics and human information processing , Edited by: Hockey , G. R. J. , Gaillard , A. and Coles , M. G. H. 395 – 407 . Dordrecht, , Netherlands : Nijhoff .
- Posner , M. I. 1978 . Chronometric explorations of mind , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. .
- Posner , M. I. and Boies , S. J. 1971 . Components of attention . Psychological Review , 78 : 391 – 408 .
- Posner , M. I. and Klein , R. M. 1973 . “ On the functions of consciousness ” . In Attention and performance IV , Edited by: Kornblum , S. 21 – 35 . New York : Academic .
- Posner , M. I. and Snyder , C. R. R. 1975 . “ Attention and cognitive control ” . In Information processing and cognition: The Loyola Symposium , Edited by: Solso , R. 55 – 85 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. .
- Prinzmetal , W. , Presti , D. E. and Posner , M. I. 1986 . Does attention affect visual feature integration? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 12 : 361 – 369 .
- Proctor , R. W. and Fisicaro , S. A. 1977 . Time, capacity, and selection between perceptual attributes . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 3 : 337 – 348 .
- Proctor , R. W. and Proctor , J. D. 1979 . Secondary task modality, expectancy, and the measurement of attentional capacity . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 5 : 610 – 624 .
- Rabbitt , P. M. A. 1979 . “ Some experiments and a model for changes in attentional selectivity with old age ” . In Brain function in old age , Edited by: Hoffmeister , F. and Muller , C. 82 – 94 . Bonn : Springer‐Verlag .
- Rabbitt , P. M. A. 1981 . “ Cognitive psychology needs models for change in old age ” . In Attention and performance IX , Edited by: Long , J. and Baddeley , A. D. 555 – 573 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. .
- Salthouse , T. A. , Rogan , J. D. and Prill , K. A. 1984 . Division of attention: Age differences on a visually presented memory task . Memory & Cognition , 12 : 613 – 620 .
- Schneider , W. and Shiffrin , R. M. 1977 . Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention . Psychological Review , 84 : 1 – 66 .
- Shwartz , S. P. 1976 . Capacity limitations in human information processing . Memory & Cognition , 4 : 763 – 768 .
- Somberg , B. L. and Salthouse , T. A. 1982 . Divided attention abilities in young and old adults . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 8 : 651 – 663 .
- Wickens , C. D. 1984 . “ Processing resources in attention ” . In Varieties of attention , Edited by: Parasuraman , R. and Davies , D. R. 63 – 102 . Orlando, FL : Academic .