Sex differences in the auditory system

References

• Altemus , M. , Wexler , B. E. and Boulis , N. 1989 . Changes in perceptual asymmetry with the menstrual cycle . Neuropsychologia , 2 : 233 – 240 .
   Google Scholar
• Axelsson , A. , Aniansson , G. and Costa , O. 1987 . Hearing loss in school children . Scandinavian Audiology , 16 : 137 – 145 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , M. A. and Weiler , E. M. 1977 . Sex of listener and hormonal correlates of auditory thresholds . British Journal of Audiology , 11 : 65 – 68 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bell , A. 1992 . Circadian and menstrual rhythms in frequency variations of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions from human ears . Hearing Research , 58 : 91 – 100 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein , L. R. and Trahiotis , C. 1996 . Binaural beats at high frequencies: Listeners’ use of envelope‐based interaural temporal and intensitive disparities . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 99 : 1670 – 1679 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bomsel‐Helmreich , O. and Al Mufti , W. 1995 . “ The mechanisms of monozygosity and double ovulation ” . In Multiple pregnancy: Epidemiology, gestation, and perinatal outcome , Edited by: Keith , L. G. , Papiernik , E. , Keith , D. M. and Luke , B. 25 – 40 . New York : Parthenon .
   Google Scholar
• Burkhard , M. D. and Sachs , R. M. 1975 . Anthropometric manikin for acoustic research . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 58 : 214 – 222 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns , E. M. , Arehart , K. H. and Campbell , S. L. 1992 . Prevalence of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in neonates . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 91 : 1571 – 1575 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns , E. M. , Campbell , S. L. and Arehart , K. H. 1994 . Longitudinal measurements of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in infants . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 95 : 385 – 394 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns , E. M. , Campbell , S. L. , Arehart , K. H. and Keefe , D. H. 1993 . Long‐term stability of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions . Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology , 16 : 98
   Google Scholar
• Caplan , P. J. , MacPherson , G. M. and Tobin , P. 1985 . Do sex‐related differences in spatial abilities exist? . American Psychologist , 40 : 786 – 799 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung , D. Y. , Mason , K. , Gannon , R. P. and Willson , G. N. 1983 . The ear effect as a function of age and hearing loss . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 73 : 1277 – 1282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , M. M. and Galef , B. G. Jr. 1998 . Effects of intrauterine position on the behavior and genital morphology of litter‐bearing rodents . Developmental Neuropsychology , 14 : 197 – 211 . /this issue).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifton , R. K. and Freyman , R. L. 1989 . Effect of click rate and delay on breakdown of the precedence effect . Perception and Psychophysics , 46 : 139 – 145 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collaer , M. L. and Hines , M. 1995 . Human behavioral sex differences: A role for gonadal hormones during early development? . Psychological Bulletin , 118 : 55 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corso , J. F. 1959 . Age and sex differences in pure‐tone thresholds . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 31 : 498 – 507 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , H. 1983 . An active process in cochlear mechanics . Hearing Research , 9 : 79 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , M. J. and Ahroon , W. A. 1982 . Fluctuations in susceptibility to noise‐induced temporary threshold shift as influenced by the menstrual cycle . Journal of Auditory Research , 22 : 173 – 187 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Daw , N. W. 1995 . Visual development , New York : Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Divenyi , P. L. and Efron , R. 1979 . Spectral versus temporal features in dichotic listening . Brain and Language , 7 : 375 – 386 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Don , M. , Ponton , C. W. , Eggermont , J. J. and Masuda , A. 1993 . Gender differences in cochlear response time: An explanation for gender amplitude differences in the unmasked auditory brain‐stem response . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 94 : 2135 – 2148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkind‐Hirsch , K. E. , Stoner , W. R. , Stach , B. A. and Jerger , J. F. 1992 . Estrogen influences auditory brainstem responses during the normal menstrual cycle . Hearing Research , 60 : 143 – 148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkind‐Hirsch , K. E. , Wallace , E. , Malinak , L. R. and Jerger , J. J. 1994 . Sex hormones regulate ABR latency . Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery , 110 : 46 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmerich , D. S. , Harris , J. , Brown , W. S. and Springer , S. P. 1988 . The relationship between auditory sensitivity and ear asymmetry on a dichotic listening task . Neuropsychologia , 26 : 133 – 143 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferin , M. , Jewelewicz , R. and Warren , M. 1993 . The menstrual cycle: Physiology, reproductive disorders, and infertility , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fitch , R. H. , Brown , D. P. , O'Connor , K. and Tallal , P. 1993 . Functional lateralization for auditory temporal processing in male and female rats . Behavioral Neuroscience , 107 : 844 – 850 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grantham , D. W. 1996 . Left‐right asymmetry in the buildup of echo suppression in normal‐hearing adults . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 99 : 1118 – 1123 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , D. M. and Swets , J. A. 1966 . Signal detection theory and psychophysics , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Haggard , M. and Gaston , J. B. 1978 . Changes in auditory perception in the menstrual cycle . British Journal of Audiology , 12 : 105 – 118 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haggerty , H. S. , Lusted , H. S. and Morton , S. C. 1993 . Statistical quantification of 24‐hour and monthly variabilities of spontaneous otoacoustic emission frequency in humans . Hearing Research , 70 : 31 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampson , E. 1990a . Estrogen‐related variations in human spatial and articulatory‐motor skills . Psychoneuroendocrinology , 15 : 97 – 111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampson , E. 1990b . Variations in sex‐related cognitive abilities across the menstrual cycle . Brain and Cognition , 14 : 26 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jastreboff , P. J. , Issing , W. , Brennan , J. F. and Sasaki , C. T. 1988 . Pigmentation, anesthesia, behavioral factors, and salicylate uptake . Archives of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery , 114 : 185 – 191 .
   Google Scholar
• Jeffress , L. A. 1949 . Interaural phase difference and pitch variation: Day‐to‐day changes . American Journal of Psychology , 62 : 1 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerger , J. , Jerger , S. and Mauldin , L. 1972 . Studies in impedance audiometry: I. Normal and sensor‐ineural ears . Archives of Otolaryngology , 96 : 513 – 523 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamenkovich , V. M. and Alekseenko , N. Y. 1991 . Asymmetry of auditory evoked potentials in the human brain stem . Sensory Systems , 4 : 257 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• Kemp , D. T. 1978 . Stimulated acoustic emissions from within the human auditory system . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 64 : 1386 – 1391 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemp , D. T. 1979 . Evidence of mechanical nonlinearity and frequency selective wave amplification in the cochlea . Archives of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology , 224 : 37 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimberley , B. P. , Brown , D. K. and Eggermont , J. J. 1993 . Measuring human cochlear traveling wave delay using distortion product emission phase responses . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 94 : 1343 – 1350 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura , D. 1992 . Sex differences in the brain . Scientific American , 267 : 118 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura , D. and Hampson , E. 1994 . Cognitive pattern in men and women is influenced by fluctuations in sex hormones . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 3 : 57 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura , D. and Harshman , R. A. 1984 . Sex differences in brain organization for verbal and non‐verbal functions . Progress in Brain Research , 61 : 423 – 441 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koppl , C. 1995 . “ Otoacoustic emissions as an indicator for active cochlear mechanics: A primitive property of vertebrate auditory organs ” . In Advances in hearing research , Edited by: Manley , G. A. , Klump , G. M. , Koppl , C. , Fasti , H. and Oeckinghaus , H. 207 – 218 . London : World Scientific .
   Google Scholar
• Langford , T. L. 1994 . Individual differences in sensitivity to interaural disparities of time and level . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 96 (Suppl. 1) : 3256
   Google Scholar
• Larkin , W. D. , Reilly , J. P. and Kittler , L. B. 1986 . Individual differences in sensitivity to transient electrocutaneous stimulation . IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering , 33 : 495 – 504 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lautenbacher , S. and Strian , F. 1991 . Sex differences in pain and thermal sensitivity: The role of body size . Perception and Psychophysics , 50 : 179 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , R. A. , Liederman , J. and Riley , P. 1988 . The brainstem auditory evoked potential asymmetry is replicable and reliable . Neuropsychologia , 26 : 603 – 614 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licklider , J. C. R. , Webster , J. C. and Hedlun , J. M. 1950 . On the frequency limits of binaural beats . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 22 : 468 – 473 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonsbury‐Martin , B. L. and Martin , G. K. 1988 . Incidence of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in macaque monkeys: A replication . Hearing Research , 34 : 313 – 318 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolis , R. H. and Heller , J. W. 1987 . Screening tympanometry: Criteria for medical referral . Audiology , 26 : 197 – 208 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matthews , L. J. , Lee , F.‐S. , Mills , I. H. and Dubno , J. R. 1997 . Extended high‐frequency thresholds in older adults . Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 40 : 208 – 214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwen , B. S. , Biegnon , A. , Fishette , C. T. , Luine , V. N. , Parsons , B. and Rainbow , T. C. 1984 . “ Toward a neurochemical basis of steroid hormone action ” . In Frontiers in neuroendocrinology , Edited by: Martini , L. and Ganong , W. F. Vol. 8 , 153 – 176 . New York : Raven .
   Google Scholar
• McFadden , D. 1984 . Tinnitus: Facts, theories, and treatments , Washington, DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• McFadden , D. 1993a . A masculinizing effect on the auditory systems of human females having male co‐twins . Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , 90 : 11900 – 11904 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden , D. 1993b . A speculation about the parallel ear asymmetries and sex differences in hearing sensitivity and otoacoustic emissions . Hearing Research , 68 : 143 – 151 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden , D. , Jeffress , L. A. and Russell , W. E. 1973 . Individual differences in sensitivity to interaural differences in time and level . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 37 : 755 – 761 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden , D. and Loehlin , J. C. 1995 . On the heritability of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions: A twins study . Hearing Research , 85 : 181 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden , D. , Loehlin , J. C. and Pasanen , E. G. 1996 . Additional findings on heritability and prenatal masculinization of cochlear mechanisms: Click‐evoked otoacoustic emissions . Hearing Research , 97 : 102 – 119 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden , D. and Mishra , R. 1993 . On the relation between hearing sensitivity and otoacoustic emissions . Hearing Research , 71 : 208 – 213 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden , D. and Pasanen , E. G. 1975 . Binaural beats at high frequencies . Science , 190 : 394 – 396 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden , D. , Plattsmier , H. S. and Pasanen , E. G . 1984 . Aspirin‐induced hearing loss as a model of sensorineural hearing loss . Hearing Research , 16 : 251 – 260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden , D. and Wightman , F. L. 1983 . Audition: Some relations between normal and pathological hearing . Annual Review of Psychology , 34 : 95 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer zum Gottesberge , A. M. 1988 . Physiology and pathophysiology of inner ear melanin . Pigment Cell Research , 1 : 238 – 249 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moore , B. C. J. and O'Loughlin , B. J. 1986 . “ The use of nonsimultaneous masking to measure frequency selectivity and suppression ” . In Frequency selectivity in hearing , Edited by: Moore , B. C. J. 179 – 250 . New York : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Neff , D. L. and Green , D. M. 1987 . Masking produced by spectral uncertainty with multicomponent maskers . Perception and Psychophysics , 41 : 409 – 415 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff , D. L. , Kessler , C. J. and Dethlefs , T. M. 1996 . Sex differences in simultaneous masking with random‐frequency maskers . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 100 : 2547 – 2550 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordeen , E. J. and Yahr , P. 1982 . Hemisphere asymmetries in the behavioral and hormonal effects of sexually differentiating mammalian brain . Science , 218 : 391 – 393 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton , S. J. 1992 . The effects of being a newborn on otoacoustic emissions . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 91 (Suppl. 1) : 2409
   Google Scholar
• Norton , S. J. 1994 . Emerging role of evoked otoacoustic emissions in neonatal hearing screening . American Journal of Otolaryngology , 15 : 4 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Parlee , M. B. 1983 . Menstrual rhythms in sensory processes: A review of fluctuations in vision, olfaction, audition, taste, and touch . Psychological Bulletin , 93 : 539 – 548 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickles , J. O. 1988 . An introduction to the physiology of hearing , 2nd ed. , New York : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Pirilä , T. 1991 . Left‐right asymmetry in the human response to experimental noise exposure: II. Pre‐exposure hearing threshold and temporary threshold shift at 4 kHz frequency . Acta Otolaryngology , 111 : 861 – 866 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Previc , F. H. 1991 . A general theory concerning the prenatal origins of cerebral lateralization in humans . Psychological Review , 98 : 299 – 334 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Probst , R. , Lonsbury‐Martin , B. L. and Martin , G. K. 1991 . A review of otoacoustic emissions . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 89 : 2027 – 2067 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes , F. I. , Boroditsky , R. S. , Winter , J. S. D. and Faiman , C. 1974 . Studies on human sexual development: II. Fetal and maternal serum gonadotropin and sex steroid concentrations . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 38 : 612 – 617 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roche , A. F. , Siervogel , R. M. , Himes , J. H. and Johnson , D. L. 1978 . Longitudinal study of hearing in children: Baseline data concerning auditory thresholds, noise exposure, and biological factors . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 64 : 1593 – 1601 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royster , L. H. , Royster , J. D. and Thomas , W. G. 1980 . Representative hearing levels by race and sex in North Carolina industry . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 68 : 551 – 566 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell , A. F. 1992 . Heritability of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions , Urbana‐Champaign : University of Illinois . Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
   Google Scholar
• Sato , H. , Sando , I. and Takahashi , H. 1991 . Sexual dimorphism and development of the human cochlea. Computer 3‐D measurement . Acta Otolaryngology , 111 : 1037 – 1040 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siervogel , R. M. , Roche , A. F. , Johnson , D. L. and Fairman , T. 1982 . Longitudinal study of hearing in children: Cross‐sectional studies of noise exposure as measured by dosimetry . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 71 : 372 – 377 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smail , P. J. , Reyes , F. I. , Winter , J. S. D. and Faiman , C. 1981 . “ The fetal hormonal environment and its effect on the morphogenesis of the genital system ” . In Pediatric andrology , Edited by: Kogan , S. J. and Hafez , E. S. E. 9 – 19 . Hague, , The Netherlands : Martinus Nijhoff .
   Google Scholar
• Spillman , T. 1994 . Genetic diseases of hearing . Current Opinion in Neurology , 7 : 81 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steel , K. P. and Brown , S. D. M. 1994 . Genes and deafness . Trends in Genetics: DNA, Differentiation, and Development , 10 : 428 – 435 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stelmachowicz , P. G. , Beauchaine , K. A. , Kalberer , A. and Jesteadt , W. 1989 . Normative thresholds in the 8‐ to 20‐kHz range as a function of age . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 86 : 1384 – 1391 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson , S. J. and Dengerink , H. A. 1988 . Changes in pure‐tone thresholds and temporary threshold shifts as a function of menstrual cycle and oral contraceptives . Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , 31 : 569 – 574 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Talmadge , C. L. , Long , G. R. , Murphy , W. J. and Tubis , A. 1993 . New off‐line method for detecting spontaneous otoacouslic emissions in human subjects . Hearing Research , 71 : 170 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teas , D. C. , Eldredge , D. H. and Davis , H. 1962 . Cochlear responses to acoustic transients: An interpretation of the whole‐nerve action potential . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 34 : 1438 – 1459 .
   Google Scholar
• Tobias , J. V. 1965 . Consistency of sex differences in binaural‐beat perception . International Audiology , 4 : 179 – 182 .
   Google Scholar
• Trune , D. R. , Mitchell , C. and Phillips , D. S. 1988 . The relative importance of head size, gender and age on the auditory brainstem response . Hearing Research , 32 : 165 – 174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• vom Saal , F. S. 1989 . Sexual differentiation in litter‐bearing mammals: Influence of sex of adjacent fetuses in utero . Journal of Animal Science , 67 : 1824 – 1840 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• vom Saal , F. S. , Quadagno , D. M. , Even , M. D. , Keisler , L. W. , Keisler , D. H. and Khan , S. 1990 . Paradoxical effects of maternal stress on fetal steroids and postnatal reproductive traits in female mice from different intrauterine positions . Biology of Reproduction , 43 : 751 – 761 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward , W. D. 1957 . Hearing of naval aircraft maintenance personnel . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 29 : 1289 – 1301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward , W. D. 1959 . Susceptibility and sex . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 31 : 1138
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward , W. D. 1963 . “ Auditory fatigue and masking ” . In Modern developments in audiology , Edited by: Jerger , J. 240 – 286 . New York : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Ward , W. D. 1966 . Temporary threshold shift in males and females . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 40 : 478 – 485 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werner , L. A. and Rubel , E. W. 1992 . Developmental psychoacoustics , Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Whitehead , M. L. , Kamal , N. , Lonsbury‐Martin , B. L. and Martin , G. K. 1993 . Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in different racial groups . Scandinavian Audiology , 23 : 3 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , J. P. 1986 . “ The influence of temperature on frequency‐tuning mechanisms ” . In Peripheral auditory mechanisms , Edited by: Allen , J. B. , Hall , J. L. , Hubbard , A. , Neely , S. T. and Tubis , A. 229 – 236 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Wit , H. P. 1985 . Diurnal cycle for spontaneous oto‐acoustic emission frequency . Hearing Research , 18 : 197 – 199 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witelson , S. F. , Glezer , I.I. and Kigar , D. L. 1995 . Women have greater density of neurons in posterior temporal cortex . Journal of Neuroscience , 15 : 3418 – 3428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright , B. A. 1994 . Individual, sex, and ear differences in measures of overshoot and psychophysical two‐tone suppression . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 95 (Suppl. 1) : 2942 – 2943 .
   Google Scholar
• Wynn , V. T. 1972 . Measurements of small variations in “absolute”; pitch . Journal of Physiology , 220 : 627 – 637 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar