References
- Allen, W. R. (1992). The color of success: African American college student outcomes at a predominantly White and historically Black public colleges and universities. Harvard Education Review, 62(1), 26–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.62.1.wv5627665007v701
- Anglin, D. M., Alberti, P. M., Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2008). Racial differences in beliefs about the effectiveness and necessity of mental health treatment. American Journal of Community Psychology, 42(1–2), 17–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-008-9189-5
- Barksdale, C. L., & Molock, S. D. (2009). Perceived norms and mental health help seeking among African American college students. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 36(3), 285–299. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-008-9138-y
- Blake, M. K. (2018). All talk and no action? Racial differences in college behaviors and attendance. Sociological Perspectives, 61(4), 553–572. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121418777237
- Boyraz, G., Horne, S. G., Owens, A. C., & Armstrong, A. P. (2016). Depressive symptomatology and college persistence among African American college students. The Journal of General Psychology, 143(2), 144–160. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2016.1163251
- Bridges, L. S., Sharma, M., Lee, J. H. S., Bennett, R., Buxbaum, S. G., & Reese-Smith, J. (2018). Using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model for an online peer-to-peer suicide prevention and awareness for depression (SPAD) intervention among African American college students: Experimental study. Health Promotion Perspectives, 8(1), 15–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798407310538
- Brown, D. L. (2008). African American resiliency: Examining racial socialization and social support as protective factors. Journal of Black Psychology, 34(1), 32–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798407310538
- Brun, C., & Rapp, R. C. (2001). Strengths-based case management: Individuals’ perspectives on strengths and the case manager relationship. Social Work, 46(3), 278–288. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/46.3.278
- Byrd, D. R., & McKinney, K. J. (2012). Individual, interpersonal, and institutional level factors associated with the mental health of college students. Journal of American College Health, 60(3), 185–193. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2011.584334
- Canadian Institute for Health Information [CIHI]. (2009). Improving the health of Canadians: Exploring positive mental health. Ottawa, Ontario: CIHI.
- Cheng, T. C., & Robinson, M. A. (2013). Factors leading to African Americans and Black Carribbeans to use social work services for treating mental and substance use disorders. Health and Social Work, 38(2), 99–109. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlt005
- Christopher, M. S., & Skillman, G. D. (2009). Exploring the link between self-construal and distress among African American and Asian American college students. Journal of College Counseling, 12(1), 44–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.2009.12.issue-1
- Cokley, K., McClain, S., Enciso, A., & Martinez, M. (2013). An examination of the impact of minority status stress and impostor feelings on the mental health of diverse ethnic minority college students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 14(2), 82–95. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2013.00029.x
- Darrell, L., Littlefield, M., & Washington, E. M. (2016). Safe spaces, nurturing places. Journal of Social Work Education, 52(2), 43–49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2016.1119016
- Davidson, M. M., Yakushka, O. F., & Sanford-Martens, T. C. (2004). Racial and ethnic minority clients’ utilization of a university counseling center: An archival study. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 32, 259–271.
- Donovan, R. A., Huynh, Q. L., Park, I. J., Kim, S. Y., Lee, R. M., & Robertson, E. (2013). Relationships among identity, perceived discrimination, and depressive symptoms in eight ethnic‐generational groups. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(4), 397–414. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21936
- Dzokoto, V., Hicks, T., & Miller, E. (2007). Student lifestyles and emotional well-being at a historically Black university. Education, 127(4), 511–522.
- Eisenberg, D., Gollust, S. E., Golberstein, E., & Hefner, J. L. (2007). Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality among university students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77(4), 534–542. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.77.4.534
- Eisenberg, D., Nicklett, E. J., Roeder, K., & Kirz, N. E. (2011). Eating disorder symptoms among college students: Prevalence, persistence, correlates, and treatment-seeking. Journal of American College Health, 59(8), 700–707. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2010.546461
- Eklund, K., Dowdy, E., Jones, C., & Furlong, M. (2010). Applicability of the dual-factor model of mental health for college students. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 25(1), 79–92. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/87568225.2011.532677
- Fink, J. E. (2014). Flourishing: Exploring predictors of mental health within the college environment. Journal of American College Health, 62(6), 380–388. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2014.917647
- Greer, T. M., & Chwalisz, K. (2007). Minority-related stressors and coping processes among African American college students. Journal of College Student Development, 48(4), 388–404. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2007.0037
- Hefner, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2009). Social support and mental health among college students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79(4), 491–499. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016918
- Henderson, F., & Kritsonis, W. A. (2007). Graduation rates at historically Black colleges and universities: A review of the literature. National Journal for Publishing and Mentoring Doctoral Student Research, 4(1), 1–11. Online Submission.
- Herrman, H., Saxena, S., Moodie, R., & Walker, L. (2005). Introduction: Promoting mental health as a public health priority. In H. Hermann, S. Saxena, & R. Moodie (Eds.), Promoting mental health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice (pp. 2–15). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
- Hout, M. (2012). Social and economic returns to college education in the United States. Annual Review of Sociology, 38, 379–400. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102503
- Hunt, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2010). Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(1), 3–10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.08.008
- Keyes, C. L. (2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Research, 43(2), 207–222.
- Keyes, C. L. (2007). Towards a mentally flourishing society: Mental health promotion, not cure. Journal of Public Mental Health, 6(2), 4–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/17465729200700009
- Keyes, C. L. (2009). The Black–White paradox in health: Flourishing in the face of social inequality and discrimination. Journal of Personality, 77(6), 1677–1706. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00597.x
- Keyes, C. L. (2010). The next steps in the promotion and protection of positive mental health. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 42(3), 17–28.
- Keyes, C. L. (2013). Promoting and protecting positive mental health: Early and often throughout the lifespan. In C. L. Keyes (Ed.), Mental Well-Being: International Contribution to the Study of Positive Mental Health (pp. 3–28). New York, NY: Springer.
- Keyes, C. L. (2014). Mental heath as a complete state: How the salutogenic perspective completes the picture. In G. F. Bauer & O. Hammig (Eds.), Bridging occupational, organizational and public health: A transdisciplinary approach (pp. 179–192). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
- Keyes, C. L., Eisenberg, D., Perry, G., Dube, S., Kroenke, K., & Dhingra, S. S. (2012). The relationship of level of positive mental health with current mental disorders in predicting suicidal behavior and academic impairment in college students. Journal of American College Health, 60(2), 126–133. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2011.608393
- Lee, J. A., & Barnes, A. R. (2015). Predominately White institutions: Transition programs to address academic underpreparedness and experiences of discrimination. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 1(4), 401–410. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000043
- Lindsey, R., Reed, S., Lyons, R., Hendricks, D., Mead, A., & Butler, K. L. (2011). Sources of stress among gender and classification for African American college students. College Student Journal, 45(4), 749–757.
- Lipson, S. K., Gaddis, M., Heinze, J., Beck, K., & Eisenberg, D. (2015). Variations in student mental health and treatment utilization across US colleges and universities. Journal of American College Health, 63(6), 388–396. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2015.1040411
- Logan, J. R., Minca, E., & Adar, S. (2012). The geography of inequality: Why separate means unequal in American public schools. Sociology of Education, 85(3), 287–301. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0038040711431588
- Low, K. G. (2011). Flourishing, substance use, and engagement in students entering college: A preliminary study. Journal of American College Health, 59(6), 555–561. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2011.563432
- Luna, N., & MacMillan, T. (2015). The relationship between spirituality and depressive symptom severity, psychosocial functioning impairment, and quality of life: Examining the impact of age, gender, and ethnic differences. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 18(6), 513–525. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2015.1087481
- Maton, K. I., Hrabowski, F. A. I., & Schmitt, C. L. (2000). African American college students excelling in the sciences: College and postcollege outcomes in the Meyerhoff Scholars Program. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 37(7), 629–654. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1098-2736
- McGee, E. O., & Stovall, D. (2015). Reimagining critical race theory in education: Mental health, healing, and the pathway to liberatory praxis. Educational Theory, 65(5), 491–511. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/edth.2015.65.issue-5
- Musu-Gillette, L., de Brey, C., McFarland, J., Hussar, W., Sonnenberg, W., & Wilkinson- Flicker, S. (2017). Status and trends in the education of racial and ethnic groups 2017 (NCES 2017-051). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch
- National Center for Education Statistics. (2016a). Table 306.10: Total fall enrollment in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by level of enrollment, sex, attendance status and race/ethnicity of student: Selected years, 1976 through 2015. Retrieved from National Center for Education Statistics https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16_306.10.asp?current=yes
- National Center for Education Statistics. (2016b). Table 322.20: Bachelor’s degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: Selected years, 1976-77 through 2014-15. Retrieved from National Center for Education Statistics https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16_322.20.asp?current=yes
- Negga, F., Applewhite, S., & Livingston, I. (2007). African American college students and stress: School racial composition, self-esteem and social support. College Student Journal, 41(4), 823–830.
- Nelson, L. J., & Padilla-Walker, L. M. (2013). Flourishing and floundering in emerging adult college students. Emerging Adulthood, 1(1), 67–78. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696812470938
- Nicolas, G., Helms, J. E., Jernigan, M. M., Sass, T., Skrzypek, A., & DeSilva, A. M. (2008). A conceptual framework for understanding the strengths of Black youths. Journal of Black Psychology, 34(3), 261–280. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798408316794
- Obasi, E. M., & Leong, F. T. (2009). Psychological distress, acculturation, and mental health- seeking attitudes among people of African descent in the United States: A preliminaryinvestigation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(2), 227–238. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014865
- Oliver, M. D., Datta, S., & Baldwin, D. R. (2017). Wellness among African-American and Caucasian students attending a predominantly White institution. Journal of Health Psychology. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317694484
- Pieterse, A. L., Todd, N. R., Neville, H. A., & Carter, R. T. (2012). Perceived racism and mental health among Black American adults: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(1), 1–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026208
- Rasheem, S., Alleman, A. S., Mushonga, D., Anderson, D., & Vakalahi, H. F. (2018). Mentor- shape: Exploring the mentoring relationships of Black women in doctoral programs. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 26(1), 50–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13611267.2018.1445443
- Saleebey, D. (1996). The strengths perspective in social work practice: Extensions and cautions. Social Work, 41(3), 296–305.
- Seaton, E. K., Caldwell, C. H., Sellers, R. M., & Jackson, J. S. (2010). An intersectional approach for understanding perceived discrimination and psychological well-being among African American and Caribbean Black youth. Developmental Psychology, 46(5), 1372–1379. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019869
- Seligman, M. E. (2008). Positive health. Applied Psychology, 57(s1), 3–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00351.x
- Semega, J. L., Fontenot, K. R., & Kollar, M. A. (2017). U.S. Census Bureau, current population reports (Income and Poverty in the United States: 2016). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved From https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2017/demo/P60-259.pdf
- Siebert, D. C., Wilke, D. J., Delva, J., Smith, M. P., & Howell, R. L. (2003). Differences in African American and White college students’ drinking behaviors: Consequences, harm reduction strategies, and health information sources. Journal of American College Health, 52(3), 123–129. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07448480309595734
- Smith, K. M., Chesin, M. S., & Jeglic, E. L. (2014). Minority college student mental health: Does majority status matter? Implications for college counseling services. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 42(2), 77–92. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jmcd.2014.42.issue-2
- Suicide Prevention Resource Center. (2013). Suicide among racial/ethnic populations in the U.S.: Blacks. Retrieved from http://www.sprc.org/sites/default/files/migrate/library/Blacks%20Sheet%20August%2028%202013%20Final.pdf
- US Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Mental Health. (2018). Mental health and African Americans. Retrieved from https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=24
- Weick, A., Rapp, C., Sullivan, W. P., & Kisthardt, W. (1989). A strengths perspective for social work practice. Social Work, 34(4), 350–354. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/34.4.350
- Whaley, A. L. (2001). Cultural mistrust and mental health services for African Americans: A review and meta-analysis. The Counseling Psychologist, 29(4), 513–531. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000001294003
- Williams, D. R., Yu, Y., Jackson, J. S., & Anderson, N. B. (1997). Racial differences in physical and mental health. Journal of Health Psychology, 2(3), 335–351. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/135910539700200305
- Winzer, R., Lindblad, F., Sorjonen, K., & Lindberg, L. (2014). Positive versus negative mental health in emerging adulthood: A national cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 1–10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1238
- World Health Organization. (2014, August). Mental health: A state of well-being. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/en/
- Zavadil, A., & Kooyman, L. (2014). Understanding diverse populations on the college campus. In S. Degges-White & C. Borzumator-Gainey (Eds.), College student mental health counseling: A developmental approach (pp. 51–67). New York, NY: Springer.
- Zivin, K., Eisenberg, D., Gollust, S. E., & Golberstein, E. (2009). Persistence of mental health problems and needs in a college student population. Journal of Affective Disorders, 117(3), 180–185. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.01.001