The Impacts of Problem Parenting on College Student Mental Health: A Pilot Study

References

• Allen, B. (2008). An analysis of the impact of diverse forms of childhood psychological maltreatment on emotional adjustment in early adulthood. Child Maltreatment, 13(3), 307–312. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559508318394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. The American Psychologist, 55(5), 469.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett, J. J. (2007). Emerging adulthood: What is it, and what is it good for? Child Development Perspectives, 1(2), 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2007.00016.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumrind, D. (1996). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37(4), 887–907. https://doi.org/10.2307/1126611
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein, D. P., & Fink, L. (1998). Child Trauma Questionnaire: A retrospective self-report manual. Harcourt Brace.
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Walker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., Stokes, J., Handelsman, L., Medrano, M., Desmond, D., & Zule, W. (2003). Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(2), 169–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00541-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein, L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2007). Parenting styles and child social development. In R. E. Tremblay, R. G. Bar, & R. Peters (Eds.), Encyclopedia on early childhood development [online] (pp. 496–509). Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Center for Collegiate Mental Health. (2021, January). 2020 Annual Report ( Publication No. STA 21-045)
   Google Scholar
• Christoffersen, M. N., & Diane, D. (2010). Psychological maltreatment and adolescents’ suicidal behavior: A nationwide sample of 1,055 children at risk. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, 3(2), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361521003761242
   Google Scholar
• Cromer, L. D., Freyd, J. J., Binder, A. K., DePrince, A. P., & Becker-Blease, K. (2006). What is the risk in asking? Participant reaction to trauma history questions compared with reaction to other personal questions. Ethics & Behavior, 16(4), 347–362. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327019eb1604_5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crozier, J. C., & Barth, R. P. (2005). Cognitive and academic functioning in maltreated children. Children & Schools, 27(4), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/27.4.197
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan, K. L., & Brassard, M. R. (2011). Trajectories of maternal verbal aggression across the middle school years: Associations with negative view of self and social problems. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(10), 814–830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan, R. D. (2000). Childhood maltreatment and college drop-out rates: Implications for child abuse researchers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15(9), 987–995. https://doi.org/10.1177/088626000015009005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• English, D. J., Upadhyaya, M. P., Litrownik, A. J., Marshall, J. M., Runyan, D. K., Graham, J. C., & Dubowitz, H. (2005). Maltreatment’s wake: The relationship of maltreatment dimensions to child outcomes. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29(5), 597–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/2004.12.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fergusson, D. M., McLeod, G. F. H., & Horwood, L. J. (2013). Childhood sexual abuse and adult developmental outcomes: Findings from a 30-year longitudinal study in New Zealand. Child Abuse and Neglect, 37(9), 664–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009). Burden and consequences of CM in high-income countries. The Lancet, 373(9657), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61706-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karatekin, C., & Ahluwalia, R. (2020). Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Stress, and Social Support on the Health of College Students. Journal of interpersonal violence, 35(1–2), 150–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516681880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khubchandani, J., Brey, R., Kotecki, J., Kleinfelder, J., & Anderson, J. (2016). The psychometric properties of PHQ-4 depression and anxiety screening scale among college students. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 30(4), 457–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2016.01.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. H. (2017). Associations of adverse childhood experiences with depression and alcohol abuse among Korean college students. Child Abuse & Neglect, 67, 338–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.03.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(6), 706–716. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02202.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guildford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kline, T. J. (2005). Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation. Sage publications.
   Google Scholar
• Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R., Williams, J., & Lowe, B. (2009). An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: The PHQ-4. Psychosomatics, 50(6), 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3182(09)70864-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lansford, J. E., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., Crozier, J., & Kaplow, J. (2002). A 12-year prospective study of the long-term effects of early child physical maltreatment on psychological, behavioral, and academic problems in adolescence. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 156(8), 824–830. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.156.8.824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Löwe, B., Wahl, I., Rose, M., Spitzer, C., Glaesmer, H., Wingenfeld, K., Schneider, A., & Brähler, E. (2010). A 4-item measure of depression and anxiety: Validation and standardization of the patient health questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in the general population. Journal of Affective Disorders, 122(1), 86–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald, K., Thomas, M. L., Sciolla, A. F., Schneider, B., Pappas, K., Bleijenberg, G., Bohus, M., Bekh, B., Carpenter, L., Carr, A., Dannlowski, U., Dorahy, M., Fahlke, C., Finzi-Dottan, R., Karu, T., Gerdner, A., Glaesmer, H., Grabe, H. J., Heins, M. (2016). Minimization of Childhood Maltreatment is Common and Consequential: Results from a Large, Multinational Sample Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. PLoS ONE, 11(1), e0146058. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mert, D., Kelleci, M., Yildiz, E., Mizrak, A., & Kugu, N. (2016). Childhood trauma and general cognitive ability: Roles of minimization/denial and gender. Psychiatry Research, 243, 147–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2017). Mplus user’s guide (8th ed.). Muthén & Muthén.
   Google Scholar
• Mvududu, N. H., & Sink, C. A. (2013). Factor analysis in counseling research and practice. Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation, 4(2), 75–98.
   Google Scholar
• Niemiec, C. P., Lynch, M. F., Vansteenkiste, M., Bernstein, J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). The antecedents and consequences of autonomous self-regulation for college: A self-determination theory perspective on socialization. Journal of Adolescence, 29(5), 761–775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.11.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oswalt, S. B., Lederer, A. M., Chestnut-Steich, K., Day, C., Halbritter, A., & Ortiz, D. (2020). Trends in college students’ mental health diagnoses and utilization of services, 2009–2015. Journal of American College Health, 68(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1515748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy, C. A., & Perry, C. (2004). Instruments for the assessment of childhood trauma in adults. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192(5), 343–351. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000126701.23121.fa
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salari, R., Terreros, C., & Sarkadi, A. (2012). Parenting scale: Which version should we use? Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34(2), 268–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-012-9281-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seedat, S., Pienaar, W., Williams, D., & Stein, D. J. (2004). Ethics of research on survivors of trauma. Current Psychiatry Reports, 6(4), 262–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-004-0075-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shi, J., Wang, L., Yao, Y., Su, N., Zhao, X., & Chen, F. (2017). Family impacts on self-esteem in Chinese college freshmen. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8, 279. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slep, A. M. S., Heyman, R. E., & Snarr, J. D. (2011). Child emotional aggression and abuse: Definitions and prevalence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(10), 783–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, A. L., Hays, R. D., & Ware, J. E. (1988). The MOS Short-Form General Health Survey: Reliability and validity in a patient population. Medical Care, 26(7), 724–735. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198807000-00007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strand, V. C., Sarmiento, T. L., & Pasquale, L. E. (2005). Assessment and screening tools for trauma in children and adolescents. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 6(1), 55–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838004272559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Finkelhor, D., Moore, D. W., & Runyan, D. (1998). Identification of child maltreatment with the parent-child conflict tactics scales: Development and psychometric data for a national sample of American parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(4), 249–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00174-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, J. (2005). Assessing goodness of fit in confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 37(4), 240–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2005.11909764
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2020). Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children. Youth and Families, Children’s Bureau, Child Maltreatment 2018, https://www.acf.hhs.gov/cb/research-data-technology/statistics-research/child-maltreatment
   Google Scholar
• Wang, J., Mansfield, A. K., Zhao, X., & Keitner, G. (2013). Family functioning in depressed and non-clinical control families. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 59(6), 561–569. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764012445260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe, D. A., & McIsaac, C. (2011). Distinguishing between poor/dysfunctional parenting and child emotional maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(10), 802–813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.12.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, M. O. D., Crawford, E., & Del Castillo, D. (2009). Childhood emotional maltreatment and later psychological distress among college students: The mediating role of maladaptive schemas. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.12.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, S., & Yiyue, G. (2018). The effects of mother’s education on college student’s depression level: The role of family function. Psychiatry Research, 269, 108–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zielinski, D. S. (2009). Child maltreatment and adult socioeconomic well-being. Child Abuse and Neglect, 33, 666–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar