Pseudoword context effects on letter perception: The role of word misperception

References

• Baron , J and Thurston , I . (1973) . An analysis of the word superiority effect . Cognitive Psychology , 4 : 207 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr TH (1986) Perceiving visual language In K. R. Boff, L. Kaufman, & J. P. Thomas (Eds.) Handbook of perception and human performance (pp. 29.1–29.82) New York: Wiley
   Google Scholar
• Carr , TH , Davidson , BJ and Hawkins , HL . (1978) . Perceptual flexibility in word recognition: Strategies affect orthographic computation but not lexical access . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 4 : 674 – 690 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr TH Pollatsek A (1985) Recognizing printed words: A look at current models In D. Besner, J. G. Waller, & G. E. MacKinnon (Eds.) Reading research: Advances in theory and practice (Vol. 5, pp. 1–82). Orlando, FL: Academic Press
   Google Scholar
• Carreiras , M , Perea , M and Grainger , J . (1997) . Effects of orthographic neighborhood in visual word recognition: Cross‐task comparisons . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 23 : 857 – 871 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattell , JM . (1886) . The time it takes to see and name objects . Mind , 11 : 53 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Coltheart M Davelaar E Jonasson JT Besner D (1977) Access to the internal lexicon In S. Dornič (Ed.) Attention and performance VI London: Academic Press
   Google Scholar
• Estes , WK and Brunn , JL . (1987) . Discriminability and bias in the word‐superiority effect . Perception and Psychophysics , 42 : 411 – 422 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grainger , J . (1990) . Word frequency and neighborhood frequency effects in lexical decision and naming . Journal of Memory and Language , 29 : 228 – 244 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grainger , J , Bouttevin , S , Truc , C , Bastien , M and Ziegler , JC . (2003) . Word superiority, pseudoword superiority, and learning to read: A comparison of dyslexic and normal readers . Brain and Language , 87 : 432 – 440 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grainger , J and Jacobs , AM . (1994) . A dual read‐out model of word context effects in letter perception: Further investigations of the word superiority effect . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 20 : 1158 – 1176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grainger , J and Jacobs , AM . (1996) . Orthographic processing in visual word recognition: A multiple read‐out model . Psychological Review , 103 : 518 – 565 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grainger , J , O'Regan , K , Jacobs , A and Segui , J . (1989) . On the role of competing word units in visual word recognition: The neighborhood frequency effect . Perception and Psychophysics , 45 : 189 – 195 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grainger , J and Segui , J . (1990) . Neighborhood frequency effects in visual word recognition: A comparison of lexical decision and masked identification latencies . Perception and Psychophysics , 47 : 191 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson L (1982) Orthography and word recognition in reading London: Academic Press
   Google Scholar
• Hildebrandt , N , Caplan , D , Sokol , S and Torreano , L . (1995) . Lexical factors in the word‐superiority effect . Memory and Cognition , 23 : 23 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooper , DA and Paap , KR . (1997) . The use of assembled phonology during performance of a letter recognition task and its dependence on the presence and proportion of word stimuli . Journal of Memory and Language , 37 : 167 – 189 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imbs P (1971) Etudes statistiques sur le vocabulaire français. Dictionnaire des fréquences. Vocabulaire littéraire des XIXe et XXe siècles Centre de recherche pour un trésor de la langue française (CNRS) Nancy. Paris: Librairie Marcel Didier
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs , AM and Grainger , J . (1992) . Testing a semistochastic variant of the interactive activation model in different word recognition experiments . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 18 : 1174 – 1188 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs AM Rey A Ziegler JC Grainger J (1998) MROM‐p: An interactive activation, multiple read‐out model of orthographic and phonological processes in visual word recognition In J. Grainger & A. M. Jacobs (Eds.) Localist connectionist approaches to human cognition Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , JC . (1978) . A test of the sophisticated guessing theory of word perception . Cognitive Psychology , 10 : 123 – 153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luce RD (1959) Individual choice behavior New York: Wiley
   Google Scholar
• Maris , E . (2002) . The role of orthographic and phonological codes in the word and the pseudoword superiority effect: An analysis by means of multinomial processing tree models . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 28 : 1409 – 1431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massaro , DW and Cohen , MM . (1994) . Visual, orthographic, phonological, and lexical influences in reading . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 20 : 1107 – 1128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland , JL and Johnston , JC . (1977) . The role of familiar units in perception of words and nonwords . Perception and Psychophysics , 22 : 249 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland , JL and Rumelhart , DE . (1981) . An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part I. An account of basic findings . Psychological Review , 88 : 375 – 407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paap , K , Chun , E and Vonnahme , P . (1999) . Discrete threshold versus continuous strength models of perceptual recognition . Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , 53 : 277 – 293 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paap , K , Johansen , LS , Chun , E and Vonnahme , P . (2000) . Neighborhood frequency does affect performance in the Reicher task: Encoding or decision? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 26 : 1691 – 1720 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paap , K , Newsome , SL , McDonald , JE and Schvaneveldt , RW . (1982) . An activation‐verification model for letter and word recognition: The word superiority effect . Psychological Review , 89 : 573 – 594 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prinzmetal , W . (1992) . The word‐superiority effect does not require a T‐scope . Perception and Psychophysics , 51 : 473 – 483 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reicher , GM . (1969) . Perceptual recognition as a function of meaningfulness of stimulus material . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 81 : 274 – 280 .
   Google Scholar
• Rumelhart , DE and McClelland , JL . (1982) . An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part II. The contextual enhancement effect and some tests and extensions of the model . Psychological Review , 89 : 60 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snodgrass , JG and Mintzer , M . (1993) . Neighborhood effects in visual word recognition: Facilitatory or inhibitory? . Memory and Cognition , 21 : 247 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeler , DD . (1970) . Processes in word recognition . Cognitive Psychology , 1 : 59 – 85 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziegler , JC and Jacobs , AM . (1995) . Phonological information provides early sources of constraint in the processing of letter strings . Journal of Memory and Language , 34 : 567 – 593 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziegler , JC , Montant , M and Jacobs , AM . (1997) . The feedback consistency effect in lexical decision and naming . Journal of Memory and Language , 37 : 533 – 554 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziegler , JC , van Orden , GC and Jacobs , AM . (1997) . Phonology can help or hurt the perception of print . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 23 : 845 – 860 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar