Ankle Plantarflexor Strength and Endurance in 7–9 Year Old Children as Measured by the Standing Single Leg Heel-Rise Test

References

• Ager C. L., Olivett B. L., Johnson C. L. Grasp and pinch strength in children 5 to 12 years old. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 1984; 38(2)107–111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews A., Thomas M., Bohannon R. Normative values for isometric muscle force measurements obtained with hand-held dynamometers. Physical Therapy 1996; 76(3)248–259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backman E., Odenrick P., Henriksson K. G., Ledin T. Isometric muscle force and anthropometric values in normal children aged between 3.5 and 15 years. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1989; 21: 105–114
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beasley W. C. Quantitative muscle testing: Principles and applications to research and clinical services. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1961; 42: 398–425
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beenakker E. A. C., van der Hoeven J. H., Fock J. M., Maurits N. M. Reference values of maximum isometric muscle force obtained in 270 children aged 4–16 years by hand-held dynamometry. Neuromuscular Disorders 2001; 11: 441–446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohannon R. W. Test-retest reliability of hand-held dynamometry during a single session of strength assessment. Physical Therapy 1985; 66: 206–209
   Google Scholar
• Brostrom E., Nordlund M., Cresswell A. Plantar-and dorsiflexor strength in prepubertal girls with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2004; 85: 1224–1230
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bruininks R. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Examiner's Manual. American Guidance Service, Circle Pines, MN 1978
   Google Scholar
• Castro M. J., Apple D. F., Staron R. S., Campos G. E. R., Dudley G. A. Influence of complete spinal cord injury on skeletal muscle within 6 months of injury. Journal of Applied Physiology 1999; 86(1)350–358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels L., Worthingham C. Muscle Testing: Techniques of Manual Examination. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA 1986
   Google Scholar
• Dawson C., Croce R., Quinn T., Vroman N. Reliability of the Nicholas manual muscle tester on upper body strength in children ages 8–10. Pediatric Exercise Science 1992; 4: 340–350
   Google Scholar
• Eriksrud O., Bohannon R. Relationship of knee extension force to independence in sit-to-stand performance in patients receiving acute rehabilitation. Physical Therapy 2003; 83(6)544–551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folio M., Fewell R. Peabody Developmental Motor Scales II. Pro-Ed, Austin, TX 2000
   Google Scholar
• Harkins K. M., Mattacola C. G., Uhl T. L., Malone T. R. M. J. L. Effects of 2 ankle fatigue models on the duration of postural stability dysfunction. Journal of Athletic Training 2005; 40(3)191–196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris K. D., Heer D. M., Roy T. C., Santos D. M., Whitman J. M., Wainner R. S. Reliability of a measurement of neck flexor muscle endurance. Physical Therapy 2005; 85(12)1349–1355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedengren E., Knutson L. M., Haglund-Akerlind Y., Hagelberg S. Lower extremity isometric joint torque in children with juvenile chronic arthritis. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 2001; 30: 69–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosking J. P., Bhat U. S., Dubowitz V., Edwards R. H. Measurements of muscle strength and performance in children with normal and diseased muscle. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1976; 51: 957–963
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imoto C., Nonaka I. The significance of type I fiber atrophy (hypotrophy) in childhood neuromuscular disorders. Brain and Development 2001; 23(5)298–302
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jan M.-H., Chai H.-M., Lin Y.-F., Lin J. C. H., Tsai L.-Y., Ou Y.-C., Lin D.-H. Effects of age and sex on the results of an ankle plantar-flexor manual muscle test. Physical Therapy 2005; 85(10)1078–1084
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones C. J., Rikli R. E., Beam W. C. A 30-s chair-stand test as a measure of lower body strength in community-residing older adults. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 1999; 70(2)113–119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall F. P., McCreary E. K., Provance P. G., Rodgers M. M., Romani W. A. Muscle Testing and Function with Posture and Pain. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD 2005
   Google Scholar
• Kosak M., Smith T. Comparison of the 2-, 6-, and 12-minute walk tests in patients with stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development 2005; 42(1)103–108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunsford B. R., Perry L. The standing heel-rise test for ankle plantar flexion: Criterion for normal. Physical Therapy 1995; 75(8)694–698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy E. K., Horvat M. A., Holtsberg P. A., Wisenbaker J. M. Repeated chair stands as a measure of lower limb strength in sexagenarian women. Journal of Gerontology: A. Biological Science Medical Science 2004; 59A(11)1207–1212
   Google Scholar
• Mikkelsson L. O., Nupponen H., Kaprio J., Kautianinen H., Mikkelsson M., Kujata U. M. Adolescent flexibility, endurance strength and physical activity as predictors of adult tension neck, low back pain, and knee injury: A 25 year follow up study. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2006; 40(2)107–113
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Milner-Brown H. S., Mellenthin M., Miller R. G. Quantifying human muscle strength, endurance and fatigue. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1986; 67: 530–535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molnar G. E., Alexander J. Development of quantitative standard for muscle strength in children. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1974; 55: 490–493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulroy S. J., Lassen K. D., Chambers S. H., Perry J. The ability of male and female clinicians to effectively test knee extension strength using manual muscle testing. Journal of Orthopedic Sports Physical Therapy 1997; 26(4)192–199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newcomer K., Sinaki M., Wollan P. C. Physical activity and four-year development of back strength in children. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1997; 76(1)52–57
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Omran H., Ketelsen U.-P., Heinen F., Sauer M., Rudnik-Schoneborn S., Wirth B., Zerrer K., Kratzer W., Korinthenberg R. Axonal neuropathy and predominance of type II myofibers in infantile spinal muscular atrophy. Journal of Child Neurology 1998; 13(7)327–331
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parker D. F., Round J. M., Sacco P., Jones D. A. A cross-sectional study of upper and lower limb strength in boys and girls during childhood and adolescence. Annals of Human Biology 1990; 17(3)199–211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne V. G., Isaacs L. D. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach. Mayfield, Publishing Co, Mountain View, CA 1999
   Google Scholar
• Pohl P., Startzell J., Duncan P., Wallace D. Reliability of lower extremity isokinetic strength testing in adults with stroke. Clinical Rehabilitation 2000; 14: 601–607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portney L. G., Watkins M. P. Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice. Prentice Hall Health, New Jersey 2000
   Google Scholar
• Rainville J., Jouve C., Finno M., Limke J. Comparison of four tests of quadriceps strength in L3 or L4 radiculopathies. Spine 2003; 28(21)2466–2471
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reid K. Accuracy and precision of the V1 Allsport digital motion analysis tool:A preliminary report. Oakland University. 2005, Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Robertson L. D., Brodowicz G. R., Swafford A. R. Improved detection of submaximal effort in upper extremity strength and strength-endurance performance testing. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 1997; 7(2)83–95
   Google Scholar
• Ropponen A., Gibbons L. E., Viderman T., Battie M. C. Isometric back extension endurance testing: Reasons for test termination. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 2005; 35(7)437–442
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rose J., McGill K. C. The motor unit in cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 1998; 40: 270–277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenkman M., Hughes M. A., Samsa G., Studentski S. The relative importance of strength and balance in chair rise by functionally impaired older individuals. Journal of American Society for Geriatric Dentistry 1996; 44: 1441–1446
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt G. L. Biomechanical analysis for knee flexion and extension. Journal of Biomechanics 1973; 6: 79–92
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sewall L., Micheli L. J. Strength training for children. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics 1986; 6(2)143–146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparto P. J., Parnianpour M., Reinsel T. E., Simon S. The effect of fatigue on multijoint kinematics, coordination, and postural stability during a repetitive lifting test. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 1997; 25(1)3–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuberg W. A., Metcalf W. K. Reliability of quantitative muscle testing in healthy children and in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a handheld dynamometer. Physical Therapy 1988; 68(6)977–982
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van der Ploeg R. J. O., Oosterhuis H. J. G. H., Reuvekamp J. Measuring muscle strength. Journal of Neurology 1984; 231: 200–203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S. S., Normile S. O., Lawshe B. T. Reliability and smallest detectable change determination for serratus anterior muscle strength and endurance tests. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 2006; 22(1)33–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang W. Y., Chen S. M. Balance and muscular strength in normal children aged 9–12 years. Kaohslung Journal of Medical Science 1999; 15: 226–233
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wikholm J. B., Bohannon R. W. Hand-held dynamometer measurements: Test strength makes a difference. Journal of Orthopedic Sports Physical Therapy 1991; 13: 191–198
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiley M. E., Damiano D. L. Lower-extremity strength profiles in spastic cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 1998; 40: 100–107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winter D. A. Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York 1990
   Google Scholar