Addiction, Physical Dependence, and Tolerance

References

• Glajchen M. Chronic pain: treatment barriers and strategies for clinical practice. Journal of American Board of Family Medicine. 2001; 14(3)211–18
   Google Scholar
• Adams N J, Plane M B, Fleming M F, Mundt M P, Saunders L A, Stauffacher E A. Opioids and the treatment of chronic pain in a primary care sample. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2001; 22(3)791–96
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Foley K. Dismantling the barriers: providing palliative and pain care. JAMA 2000; 283: 115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portenoy R K, Savage S R. Clinical realities and economic considerations: special therapeutic issues in intrathecal therapy-tolerance and addiction. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1997; 14(3)S27–S35
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman N G, Chang A J, Lewis D C. Medical student attitudes toward drug addiction policy. Journal of Addictive Diseases. 2000; 19(3)1–12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Academy of Pain Medicine. American Pain Society, and American Society of Addiction Medicine. Organizational Statement for the Liaison Committee on Pain and Addiction (LCPA). 1999
   Google Scholar
• American Academy of Pain Medicine, American Pain Society, and American Society of Addiction Medicine. Definitions Related to the Use of Opioids for the Treatment of Pain. American Academy of Pain Medicine, Glenview, IL 2001
   Google Scholar
• Koob G F, Moal M L. Drug addiction, dysregulation of reward, and allostatsis. Neuropsychopharmacolgy 2001; 24(2)97–129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nestler E J, Landsman D. Learning about addiction from the genome. Nature 2001; 409: 834–35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nestler E J. Molecular basis of long-term plasticity underlying addiction. Nature Reviews/Neuroscience. 2001; 2: 34–43
   Google Scholar
• Kasser C L, Geller A, Howell E, Wartenberg A. Principles of detoxification. Principles of Addiction Medicine, 2nd edition, A W Graham, T K Schultz. American Society of Addiction Medicine, Chevy Chase, MD 1998
   Google Scholar
• Nestler E J, Hyman S E, Malenka R C. Reinforcement and addictive disorders. Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York 2001
   Google Scholar
• Leshner A I. Drug abuse and addiction treatment research: the next generation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54: 691–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wise R A. Addiction becomes a brain disease. Neuron. 2000; 26: 27–33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pappagallo M. The concept of pseudotolerance. J Pharm Care Pain Symptom Control 1998, 6: 95–98
   Google Scholar
• Weissman D E, Haddox J D. Opioid pseudoaddiction: an iatrogenic syndrome. Pain. 1989; 363: 66
   Google Scholar
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. American Psychiatric Association, Washington 2000, Text Revision
   Google Scholar
• Oaklander A K. The pathology of pain. Neuroscientist. 1999; 5(5)302–10
   Google Scholar
• Pasternark G W. The pharmacology of mu analgesics: from patients to genes. Neuroscientist. 2001; 7(3)220–31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garrido M J, Troconiz I F. Methadone: a review of its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 1999; 42: 61–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brookoff D. Abuse potential of various opioid medications. J Gen Intern Med. 1993; 8: 688–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeppetella G, O'Doherty C A, Collins S. Prevalence and characteristics of breakthrough pain in cancer patients admitted to a hospice. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2000; 20(2)87–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Controlled Substances Act. 1970, Pub. L. No. 91–513, 84 Stat. 1242
   Google Scholar
• Melzach R. The tragedy of needless pain. Scientific American. 1990; 262(2)27–33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dole V P. Implications of methadone maintenance for theories of narcotic addiction. JAMA 1988; 260: 3025–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farre M, Cami J. Pharmacokinetic considerations in abuse liability evaluation. British Journal of Addiction. 1991; 86: 1601–06
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abreu M E, Bigelow G E, Fleisher L, Walsh S L. Effect of intravenous injection speed on responses to cocaine and hydromorphone in humans. Psychopharmacology 2001; 154: 76–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stimmel B, Kreek M J. Neurobiology of addictive behaviors and its relationship to methadone maintenance. The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 2000; 67(5&6)375–80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schnoll S H, Finch J. Medical education for pain and addiction: making progress toward answering a need. J Law Med Ethics. 1994; 22(3)252–56
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joranson D E, Gilson A M, Ryan K M, Maurer M A, Nischik J A, Nelson J M. Achieving Balance in State Pain Policy: A Guide to Evaluation. The Pain & Policy Studies Group, University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI 2001
   Google Scholar