References
- Pathak DR, Osuch JR, He J. Breast carcinoma aetiology: current knowledge and new insights into the effects of reproductive and hormonal risk factors in black and white populations. Cancer 2000;88:1230
- Franklin HE. Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2001;344:276–85
- Cauley JA, Frances LL, Lewis H, et al. Elevated serum estradiol and testosterone concentration are associated with a high risk for breast cancer. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:270–7
- Kaaks R. Endogenous hormone metabolism as an exposure marker in breast cancer chemoprevention studies. IARC Sci Publ 2001;154:149–62
- Haiman CA, Hankinson SE, Spiegelman D, et al. A tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism in CYP19 and breast cancer risk. IntJ Cancer 2000;87:204–10
- Lin CS, Lau A, Yeh CC, et al. Upregulation of L-plastin gene by testosterone in breast and prostate cancer cells: identification of three cooperative androgen receptor-binding sequences. DNA Cell Biol 2000;19:1–7
- Magklara A, Grass L, Diamandis EP. Differential steroid hormone regulation of human glandular kallikrein (hK2) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in breast cancer cell lines. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2000;59: 263–70
- Bharaj B, Scorilas A, Diamandis EP, et al. Breast cancer prognostic significance of a single nucleo-tide polymorphism in the proximal androgen response element of the prostate specific antigen gene promoter. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2000;61: 111–19
- Zhou J, Ng S, Adesanva-Famuiva O, et al. Testosterone inhibits estrogen-induced mammary epithelial proliferation and suppresses estrogen receptor expression. FASEB J 2000;14:1725–30
- Tormey DC, Lippmann ME, Edwards BK, et al. Evaluation of tamoxifen doses with and without fluoxymesterone in advanced breast cancer. Ann Intern Med 1983;98:139–44
- Bajetta E, Zilernbo N, Bichisao E, et al. Tumour response and estrogen suppression in breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors. Ann Oncol 2000;11:1017–22
- Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilising the principle of protein—dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976;72:248–54
- Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxic assays. J Immunol Meth 1983;65:55
- Birrell SN, Bentel JM, Hickey TE, et al. Androgens induce divergent proliferative responses in human breast cancer cell lines. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1995;52:459–67
- Jorgensen L, Branner N, Mogens ST, et al. Steroid metabolism in the hormone dependent MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line and its two hor-mone resistant subpopulations MCF-7/LCC1 and MCF-7/LCC2. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1997;63:275–81
- Hackenberg R, Hofmann J, Holzel F, et al. Stimulatory effects of androgen and antiandrogen on the in vitro proliferation of human mammary carcinoma cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1988;114: 593–601
- Sutherland RL, Hall RE, Taylor IW. Cell prolifer-ation kinetics of MCF-7 human mammary carci-noma cells in culture and effects of tamoxifen on exponentially growing and plateau-phase cells. Cancer Res 1983;43: 3998–4006
- Poulin R, Baker D, Labrie F. Androgens inhibit basal and estrogen-induced cell proliferation in the ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cell line. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1988;12: 213–25
- Rochefort H, Garcia M. The estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities of androgens in female target tissues. Pharmacol Ther 1983;23:193–216
- Westley B, Rochefort H. A secret glycoprotein induced by estrogen in human breast cancer cell lines. Cell 1980;20:353–62
- Campagnoli C, Ambroggio S, Biglia N, et al. Con-jugated estrogens and breast cancer risk. Gynecol Endocrinol 1999;6:13–19
- Theriault C, Labrie F. Multiple steroid metabolic pathways in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1991;38:155–64
- Ormandy CJ, Clarke CL, Kelly PA, et al. Androgen regulation of prolactin-receptor gene expression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 human breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer 1992;50:777–82
- Vonderhaar BK. Prolactin: the forgotten hormone of human breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther 1998;79: 169–78
- Simard J, Dauvois S, Haagensen DE, Levesque C, Merand Y, Labrie F. Regulation of progester-one-binding breast cyst protein GCDFP-24 secre-tion by estrogens and androgens in human breast cancer cells: a new marker of steroid action in breast cancer. Endocrinology 1990;126:3223–31
- Kandouz M, Lombet A, Perrot JY, et al. Pro-apoptotic effects of antiestrogens, progestins and androgen in breast cancer cells.J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1999;69:463–71
- Lapointe J, Fournier A, Richard V, et al. Androgens down-regulate bd-2 protooncogene expression in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells. Endocrinology 1999;140:416–21