The emerging role of pharmacogenetics: implications for clinical psychiatry

References

• Haan E A. The clinical geneticist and the ‘new genetics’. Medical Journal of Australia 2003; 178: 458–462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans W E, Relling M V. Pharmacogenomics: translating functional genomics into rational therapeutics. Science 1999; 286: 487–491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt T E, et al. Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 2003; 301: 386–389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu Y W, Tsai S J, Chen T J, Lin C H, Hong C J. Association study of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism and symptomatology and antidepressant response in major depressive disorders. Molecular Psychiatry 2002; 7: 1115–1119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serretti A, Lilli R, Mandelli L, Lorenzi C, Smeraldi E. Serotonin transporter gene associated with lithium prophylaxis in mood disorders. Pharmacogenomics Journal 2001; 1: 71–77
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lesko L, Woodcock J. Pharmacogenetic-guided drug development: regulatory prespective. Pharmacogenomics Journal 2002; 2: 20–24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin K M, Poland R E, Wan Y Y, Smith M, Lesser I M. The evolving science of pharmacogenetics: clinical and ethnic perspectives. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 1996; 32: 205–217
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Poolsup N, Li W P, Knight T L. Pharmacogenetics and psychopharmacotherapy. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 2000; 197: 197–220
   Google Scholar
• Pi E H, Gray G E. A cross-cultural perspective on psychopharmacology. Essential Psychopharmacology 1998; 2: 233–259
   Google Scholar
• Lin K M, Smith M W, Ortiz V. Culture and psychopharmacology. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2001; 24: 523–537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer U A. Pharmacogenetics and adverse drug reactions. Lancet 2000; 356: 1667–1671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchheiner J, Brosen K, Dahl M L, et al. CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotype-based dose recommendations for antidepressants: a first step towards subpopulation-specific dosages. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2001; 104: 173–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly A K, Brockmoller J, Broly F, et al. Nomenclature for human CYP2D6 alleles. Pharmacogenetics 1996; 6: 193–201
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Daniel H I, Ediki T I. Genetic polymorphism of S-metphenytoin 4′ -hydroxylation. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 1996; 32: 219–230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalen P, Dahl M-L, Ruiz M LB, Nordin J, Bertilsson L. 10-hydroxylation of nortriptyline in white persons with 0, 1, 2, 3 and 13 functional CYP2D6 genes. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1998; 63: 444–452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein J A, Ishizaki T, Chiba K, et al. Frequencies of the defective CYP2C19 alleles responsible for the mephenytoin poor metabolizer phenotype in various Oriental, Caucasian, Saudi Arabian and American black populations. Pharmacogenetics 1997; 7: 59–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roh H K, Dahl M L, Johansson I, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Cha Y N, Bertilsson L. Debrisoquine and S-metphenytoin hydroxylation phenotypes and genotypes in a Korean population. Pharmacogenetics 1996; 6: 441–447
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin K M, Poland R E, Smith M W, Strickland T L, Mendoza R. Pharmacokinetic and other related factors affecting psychotropic responses in Asians. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 1991; 27: 427–438
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gray G E, Pi E H. Ethnicity and medication-induced movement disorders. Journal of Practical Psychiatry and Behavioural Health 1998; 5: 259–264
   Google Scholar
• Meyer U A, Amrein R, Balant L P, et al. Antidepressants and drug-metabolizing enzymes –expert group report. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1996; 93: 71–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz R S. Racial profiling in medical research. New England Journal of Medicine 2001; 29: 1392–1393
   Google Scholar
• Arranz M J, Munro J, Birkett J, et al. Pharmacogenetic prediction of clozapine response. Lancet 2000; 355: 1615–1616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winsberg B G, Comings D E. Association of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) with poor methyphenidate response. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1999; 38: 1474–1477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman T, Szobot C, Martins S, Biederman J, Rohde L, Hutz M. Dopamine transporter gene and response to methylphenidate in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pharmacogenetics 2002; 12: 496–499
   Google Scholar
• Smeraldi E, Zanardi R, Benedetti F, et al. Polymorphism within the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene and antidepressant efficacy of fluoxamine. Molecular Psychiatry 1998; 3: 508–511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanardi R, Benedetti F, Di Bella D, Catalano M, Smeraldi E. Efficacy of paroxetine in depression is influenced by a functional polymorphism within the promoter of serotonin transporter gene. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2000; 20: 105–107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollock B G, Ferrell R E, Mulsant B, et al. Allelic variation in the serotonin transporter promoter affeacts onset of paroxetine treatment response in late-life depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2000; 23: 587–590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanardi R, Serretti A, Rossini D, et al. Factors affecting fluvoxamine antidepressant activity: influence of pindolol and 5-HTTLPR in delusional and nondelusional depression. Biological Psychiatry 2001; 50: 323–330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim D K, Lim S W, Lee S, et al. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and antidepressant response. Neuroreport 2000; 11: 215–219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida K, Ito K, Sato K, et al. Influence of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region on the antidepressant response to fluvoxamine in Japanese depressed patients. Progressive Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2002; 26: 383–386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito K, Yoshida K, Sato K, et al. A variable number of tandem repeats in the serotonin transporter gene does not affect the antidepressant response to fluvoxamine. Psychiatry Research 2002; 111: 235–239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rausch J L, Johnson M E, Fei Y J, et al. Initial conditions of serotonin transporter kinetics and genotype: influence on SSRI treatment trial outcome. Biological Psychiatry 2002; 51: 723–732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topic E, Stefanovic M, Ivanisevic A M, Blazinic F, Culav J, Skocilic Z. CYP2D6 genotyping in patients on psychoactive drug therapy. Clinical Chemical and Laboratory Medicine 2000; 38: 921–927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Leon J, Barnhill J, Rogers T, et al. Pilot study of the cytochrome P450–2D6 genotype in a psychiatric state hospital. America Journal of Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1278–1280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandel P, Haffen E, Vandel S, et al. Drug extrapyramidal side effects: CYP2D6 genotypes and phenotypes. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1999; 55: 659–665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen S, Chou W H, Blouin R A, et al. The cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme polymorphism: screening costs and influence on clinical outcomes in psychiatry. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1996; 60: 522–534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts R L, Mulder R T, Joyce P R, Luty S E, Kennedy M A. No evidence of increased adverse reactions in cytochrome P450 2D6 poor metabolizers treated with fluoxetine or nortriptyline. Human Psychopharmacology 2003; 18: 1–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bertilsson L, Dahl M-L, Sjoqvist F, et al. Molecular basis for rational megaprescribing in ultrarapid hydroxylators of debrisoquine. Lancet 1993; 341: 63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McElroy S, Sachse C, Brockmoller J, et al. CYP2D6 genotyping as an alternative to phenotyping for determination of metabolic status in a clinical trial setting. AAPS pharmsci (electronic resource) 2000; 2: E33, Available at: http://www.aapspharmsci.org/
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dahl M L, Sjoqvist F. Pharmacogenetic methods as a complement to therapeutic monitoring of antidepressants and neuroleptics. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 2000; 22: 114–117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin K M, Smith M W. Psychopharmacotherapy in the context of culture and ethnicity. Ethnicity and psychopharmacology, Ruiz, P. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC 2000; 1–36
   Google Scholar
• Allen J G, Rack P, Vaddadi K. Differences in the effects of clomipramine on English and Asian volunteers: preliminary report on a pilot study. Postgraduate Medical Journal 1977; 53: 79–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson K E, McCleery R B, Vesell E S, et al. Diet and cimetidine induce comparable changes in theophylline metabolism in normal subjects. Hepatology 1991; 13: 941–946
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vane C L. Pharmacogenetics and drug metabolism of newer antidepressant agents. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1994; 55(Suppl. 12)38–45
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuhr U. Drug interactions with grapefruit juice: extent, probable mechanism and clinical relevance. Drug Safety 1998; 18: 251–272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awad A G, Hogan T P, Voruganti L N, Heslegrave R J. Patient's subjective experiences on antipsychotic medications: implications for outcome and quality of life. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1995; 10: 123–132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swartzman L C, Burkell J. Expectations and the placebo effect in clinical drug trials: why we should not turn a blind eye to unblinding, and other cautionary notes. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1998; 64: 1–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng C H. Stigma of Mental Illness in Asian Cultures. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1997; 31: 382–390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong M Y, Tan C H, Fuji S, et al. Antipsychotic drug prescription for schizophrenia in East Asia: a rational for change. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 2004; 58: 61–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sim K, Su A, Ungvari G S, et al. Depot antipsychotic use in schizophrenia: an East Asian perspective. Human Psychopharmacology 2004; 19: 103–109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar