30
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Cryptococcus neoformans in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): colonization by C. n. var. gattii and investigation of environmental sources

, &
Pages 263-272 | Published online: 09 Jul 2009

References

  • Ellis DH, Pfeiffer TJ. Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neofor-mans var. gattii. J Gun Microbiol 1990; 28: 1642–1644.
  • Ellis DH, Pfeiffer TJ. Ecology, life cycle, and infectious propagule of Cryptococcus neoformans. Lancet 1990; 336: 923–925.
  • Ellis D, Pfeiffer T. The ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans. Eur J Epidemiol 1992; 8: 321–325.
  • Ellis D, Pfeiffer T. Distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii among the species of Eucalyptus. Aust Mycol News 1996; 15: 47–51.
  • Pfeiffer T, Ellis D. Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from California. J Infect Dis 1991; 163: 929–930.
  • Pfeiffer TJ, Ellis DH. Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from Eucalyptus tereticomis. J Med Vet Mycol 1992; 30: 407–408.
  • Pfeiffer T, Ellis D. Additional eucalypt hosts for Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. (abstract). Parma, Italy, 1997. 13th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM): p. 106 (P111).
  • Halliday CL, Bui T, Krockenberger M, et al. Presence of alpha and a mating types in environmental and clinical collections of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii strains from Australia. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 2920–2926.
  • Lazera MS, Wanke B, Nishikawa MM. Isolation of both varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans from saprophytic sources in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Med Vet Mycol 1993; 31: 449–454.
  • Lazera MS, Pires FD, Camillo-Coura L, et al. Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans in decaying wood forming hollows in living trees. J Med Vet Mycol 1996; 34: 127–131.
  • Lazera MS, Cavakanti MA, Trines L, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii: evidence for a natural habitat related to decaying wood in a pottery tree hollow. Med Mycol 1998; 36: 119–122.
  • Chakrabarti A, Jatana M, Kumar P, et al. Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from Eucalyptus camaldu-lensis in India. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 3340–3342.
  • Malik R, Wigney DI, Muir DB, et al. Cryptococcosis in cats: clinical and mycological assessment of 29 cases and evaluation of treatment using orally administered fluconazole. J Med Vet Mycol 1992; 30: 133–144.
  • Malik R, Wigney DI, Martin P, et al. Veterinary aspects of cryptococcosis. Milan, 1993. 2nd International Conference on Cryptococcus and Cryptococcosis: p. 29.
  • Malik R, Dill-Macky E, Martin P, et al. Cryptococcosis in dogs: a retrospective study of 20 consecutive cases. J Med Vet Mycol 1995; 33: 291–297.
  • Spencer A, Ley C, Canfield P, et al. Meningoencephalitis in a koala (Phascolaraus cinereus) due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii infection. J Zoo Wildl Med 1993; 24: 519–522.
  • Speed B, Dunt D. Clinical and host differences between infections with the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 2834.
  • Mitchell DH, Sorrell TC, Allworth AM, et al. Cryptococcal disease of the CNS in immunocompetent hosts: influence of cryptococcal variety on clinical manifestations and outcome. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20: 611–616.
  • Malik R, Martin P, McGill J, et aL Successful treatment of invasive nasal cryptococcosis in a ferret.2000; 78: 158–159.
  • Malik R, Wigney DI, Muir DB, et al. Asymptomatic carriage of Cryptococcus neoformans in the nasal cavity of dogs and cats. J Med Vet Mycol 1997; 35: 27–31.
  • Howard DH. The commensalism of Cryptococcus neoformans. Sabouraudia 1973; 11: 171–174.
  • Connolly JH, Krockenberger MB, Malik R, et al. Asymptomatic carriage of Cryptococcus neoformans in the nasal cavity of the koala (Phascolaraos cinereus). Med Mycol 1999; 37: 331–338.
  • Casadevall A, Pirofski LA. Host-pathogen interactions: basic concepts of microbial commensalism, colonization, infection, and disease. 2000; 68: 6511-6518.
  • Krockenberger MB, Canfield PJ, Barnes J, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): Serological evidence for subclinical cryptococcosis. Med Mycol 2002; 40: 273–282.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.