A Marijuana Screening Inventory (Experimental Version): Description and Preliminary Psychometric Properties

References

• Ewing J A. Detecting alcoholism: the CAGE questionnaire. JAMA 1984; 252: 1905–1907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seltzer M L. The Michigan alcoholism screening test: the quest for a new diagnostic instrument. Am J Psychiatry 1971; 127: 1653–1658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seltzer M L. A self administered short Michigan alcoholism screening test (SMAST). J Stud Alcohol 1975; 36: 117–126
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blow F C, Brower K J, Schulenberg J E, Demo‐Danberg L M, Young J P, Beresford T P. The Michigan alcoholism screening test‐geriatric version (MAST‐G): a new elderly specific screening instrument. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1992; 16(2)372–380
   Google Scholar
• Reinert D F, Allen J P. The alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): a review of recent research. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002; 26(2)272–279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russel M. New assessment tools for risk drinking during pregnancy: T‐ACE, TWEAK and others. Alcohol Health Res World 1994; 18(1)55–61
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alexander D E. Is specific screening for marijuana use really necessary?: clinical pilot experience using a marijuana screening inventory. Unpublished Manuscript. July, 2002
   Google Scholar
• Johnston L D, O'Malley P M, Bachman J G. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2000: College Students and Adults Ages 19 to 40; (NIH publication No. 01‐4925). National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 2001
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition, Text Revision, (DSM IV‐TR). American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC 2000
   Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Summary of Findings from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse 2000. NHSDA Series H‐13, DHHS Publication No. SMA 01‐3549, SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD February, 2002, http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/nhsda.htm (accessed June 2002)
   Google Scholar
• National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Quick Facts. May 5, 2002, http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/databases/qf.htm#dkpat (accessed June 2002)
   Google Scholar
• National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. Advertisement In New York Times Newspaper. Tuesday, April 9, 2002; A 13
   Google Scholar
• Ungerleider J T. Medical marijuana: what in the world is going on?. Subst Abuse 1999; 20(2)78–89
   Google Scholar
• Stroup R K. Chapter 1: marijuana should be legalized for recreational and medical purposes. Marijuana: At Issue. An Opposing Viewpoint Series, W Dudley. Greenhaven Press, Inc., San Diego, CA 1999; 9–16
   Google Scholar
• Greenspoon L, Bakalar J B. Chap. 6: marijuana is safe and effective medicine. Marijuana: At Issue. An Opposing Viewpoint Series, W Dudley. Greenhaven Press, Inc., San Diego, CA 1999; 34–37
   Google Scholar
• Gerdes L I. Chapter 2: should marijuana be legalized?. Marijuana: Contemporary Issues, L I Gerdes. Greenhaven Press, Inc., San Diego, CA 2002; 47–81
   Google Scholar
• Gerdes L I. Chapter 3: The controversy over medical marijuana. Marijuana Contemporary Issues, L I Gerdes. Greenhaven Press, Inc, San Deigo, CA 2000; 82–116
   Google Scholar
• Hoge W. Britain to Stop Arresting Most Private Users of Marijuana in New York Times Newspaper. Thursday, July 11, 2002; A3
   Google Scholar
• Ford P. The European attitude toward marijuana. Marijuana: Contemporary Issues, L I Gerdes. Greenhaven Press, Inc., San Diego, CA 2000; 78–81
   Google Scholar
• Zimmer L, Morgan J P. Marijuana Myths, Marijuana Facts: A Review of the Scientific Evidence. Lindesmith Center, New York 1997
   Google Scholar
• Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base, J E Joy, S J Watson, J A Benson. Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1999
   Google Scholar
• Mack A, Joy J E. Marijuana as Medicine: The Science Beyond the Controversy. Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, Washington, DC 2000
   Google Scholar
• Kandel D B, Chen K. Types of marijuana users by longitudinal course. J Stud Alcohol 2000; 61(3)367–378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The Physicians Guide to Helping Patients with Alcohol Problems. NIH publication No. 95‐3756, NIAAA, Rockville, MD 1995
   Google Scholar
• Shedler J, Block J. Adolescent drug abuse and psychological health: a longitudinal inquiry. Am Psychol 1990; 45(5)612–629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kouri E, Pope H G, Yurgelun‐Todd D, Gruber S. Attributes of heavy vs. occasional marijuana smokers in a college population. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 38(7)475–481
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kutchins H, Kirk S A. Making Us Crazy: DSM – The Psychiatric Bible and the Creation of Mental Disorders. The Free Press, New York 1997
   Google Scholar
• Swift W, Copeland J, Hall W. Choosing a diagnostic cutoff for cannabis dependence. Addiction 1998; 93(11)1681–1692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuckit M A, Daeppen J B, Danko G P, Tripp M L, Smith T L, Li T K, Hesselbrock V M, Bucholz K K. Clinical implications for four drugs of the DSM IV distinction between substance dependence with and without a physiological component. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156(1)41–49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winters K C, Latimer W, Stinchfield R D. The DSM‐IV criteria for adolescent and cannabis use disorders. J Stud Alcohol 1999; 60(3)337–344
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anthony J C, Warner L A, Kessler R C. Comparative epidemiology of dependence on tobacco, alcohol, controlled substances, and inhalants: basic findings from the National Comorbidity Survey. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994; 2: 244–268
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budney A J, Novy P L, Hughes J R. Marijuana withdrawal among adults seeking treatment for marijuana dependence. Addiction 1999; 94(9)1311–1322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kouri E M, Pope H G, Lukas S E. Changes in aggressive behavior during withdrawal from long‐term marijuana use. Psychopharmacology 1999; 143(3)302–308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith N T. A review of the published literature into cannabis withdrawal symptoms in human users. Addiction 2002; 97: 621–632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley J, Lu N, Thylor B. Drug screening: a comparison of urinalysis results from two independent laboratories. J Drug Issues 2000; 30(1)171–186
   Google Scholar
• Mura P, Klintz P, Papet Y, Ruesch G, Piriou A. Evaluation of six rapid tests for screening of cannabis in sweat, saliva, and tears. Acta Clin Belg 1999; 1: 35–38
   Google Scholar
• James W H, Moore D D. Examining the relationship between gender and drug‐using behaviors in adolescents: the use of diagnostic assessments and biochemical analyses of urine samples. J Drug Educ 1999; 29(3)235–249
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith D E, Gtgesell M E, Schwartz R H, Thorne M M, Bogema S. Federal guidelines for marijuana screening should have lower cutoff levels: a comparison of results from immunoassays and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1989; 113(11)1299–1300
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cone E J, Johnson R E. Contact highs and urinary cannabinoid excretion after passive exposure to marijuana smoke. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986; 40(3)247–256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown R L, Leonard T, Saunders L A, Papasouliotis O. A two item screening test for alcohol and other drug problems. J Fam Pract 1997; 44(2)151–160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skinner H A. The drug abuse screening test (DAST). Addict Behav 1982; 7(4)363–371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maisto S A, Carey M P, Carey K B, Gordon C M, Gleason J R. Use of the audit and dast‐10 to identify alcohol and drug use disorders among adults with severe and persistent mental illness. Psychol Assess 2000; 12(2)186–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown R L, Rounds L A. Conjoint screening questionnaires for alcohol and drug abuse. Wisc Med J 1995; 94: 135–140
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knight J R, Shrier L A, Bravender T D, Farrel M, Vander‐Bilt J, Shaffer H J. A new brief screen for adolescent substance abuse. Arch Pediatr Med 1999; 153: 591–596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller G. The SASSI Manual, 2nd Edition: Substance Abuse Measures, Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI‐3) Manual. SASSI Institue, Springville, IN 1999
   Google Scholar
• Winters K C. A new multiscale measure of adult substance abuse. J Subst Abuse Treat 1999; 16(3)237–246
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winters K. Personal Experience Inventory for Adults (PEI‐A); Personal Experience Inventory for adolescents (PEI); and Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire for Adolescents (PESQ). Western Psychological Services 2001 Catalogue, Los Angeles, CA 2001; Vol. 75: 79–80
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Drug Abuse. Assessing Client Needs Using the ASI: Resource Manual for the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). NIH publication No. 95‐3620, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 1993, Addiction Severity Index, LITE Version 1998 CF from www.accurateassessments.com.
   Google Scholar
• Weisner C, McLellan A T, Hunkeler E M. Addiction severity index data from a general membership and treatment samples of HMO members: one case of norming the ASI. J Subst Abuse Treat 2000; 19(2)103–109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santisteban D A, Tejeda M, Dominicis C, Szapocznik J. An efficient tool for screening for maladaptive family functioning in adolescent drug abusers: the problem oriented screening instrument for teenagers. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1999; 25(2)197–206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aarons G A, Brown S A, Stice E, Coe M T. Psychometric evaluation of the marijuana and stimulant effect expectancy questionnaires for adolescents. Addict Behav 2001; 26(2)219–236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer J, Brown S A. Marijuana and cocaine effects expectancies and drug use patterns. J Consult Clin Psychol 1991; 59(4)558–565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heishman S J, Singleton E G, Liguori A. Marijuana craving questionnaire: development and initial validation of a self‐report instrument. Addiction 2001; 96(7)1023–1034
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singleton E G, Trotman A J, Zavahir M, Taylor R C, Heishman S J. Determinants of the reliability and validity of the marijuana craving questionnaire using imagery scripts. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2002; 10(1)47–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorelick D. The Marijuana Quit Questionnaire. Unpublished Manuscript and Poster Session, S Boyd, D Gorelick, M Huestis, S Heishman, J C Dermand, M S Simmons, D P Tashkin. Quitting and Relapse Among Non‐Treatment Seeking Marijuana Smokers. Personal Email Correspondence Regarding the MQQ with Dr. David Gorelick, July 11, 2002
   Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The DASIS Report: Marijuana Admissions Increase: 1993–1999. SAMHSA Drug and Alcohol Services Information System: Office of Applied Studies, Jan 18, 2002, updated April 10, 2002, www. drugabusestatistics.samhsa.gov/ (accessed June 2002)
   Google Scholar
• Gruber A J, Pope H G, Oliva P. Very long term users of marijuana in the US: a pilot study. Subst Use Misuse 1997; 32(3)249–264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwenk C R. Marijuana and job performance: comparing the major streams of research. J Drug Issues 1998; 28(4)941–970
   Google Scholar
• Troisi A, Pasini A, Saracco M, Spalletta G. Psychiatric symptoms in male cannabis users not using other illicit drugs. Addiction 1998; 93(4)487–492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurzthaler I, Hummer M, Miller C, Sperner‐Unterweger B, Gunther V, Wechdorn H, Battista H J, Fleischhacker W W. Effects of cannabis use on cognitive functions and driving ability. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60(6)395–399
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Staton M, Leukefeld C, Logan T K, Zimmerman R, Lynam D, Milich R, Martin C, McClanhan K, Clayton R. Risky sex behavior and substance use among young adults. Health Soc Work 1999; 24(2)147–154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bearutrais A L, Joyce P R, Mulder R T. Cannabis abuse and serious suicide attempts. Addiction 1999; 94(8)1155–1164
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hubbard J R, Franco S E, Onaivi E S. Marijuana: medical implications. Am Fam Phys 1999; 60(9)2583–2588
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boyer C B, Shafer M A, Teitle E, Wibbelsman C J, Seeberg D, Schachter J. Sexually transmitted diseases in a health maintenance organization teen clinic: association of race, partner's age and marijuana use. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999; 153(8)838–844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald S, Wells S. Factors related to self‐reported violent and accidental injuries. Drug Alcohol Rev 2001; 20(3)299–307
   Google Scholar
• Ramaekers J G, Robbe H W, O'Hanlon J F. Marijuana, alcohol and actual driving performance. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 2000; 15(7)551–558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green B E, Ritter C. Marijuana use and depression. J Health Soc Behav 2000; 41(1)40–49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zickler P. Evidence accumulates that long‐term marijuana users experience withdrawal. NIDA Notes 2000; 15(1), www.nida.nih.gov/ NIDA_Notes (accessed May 2002)
   Google Scholar
• Field T, Diego M, Sanders C E. Adolescent suicide ideation. Adolescene 2001; 36(142)241–248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galif E R, Newcomb M D, Carmona J V. Prospective relationship between drug problems and work adjustment in a community sample. J Appl Psychol 2001; 86(2)337–350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerdes L I. Chapter 1: the effects of marijuana. Marijuana: Contemporary Issues, L I Gerdes. Greenhaven Press, Inc, San Diego, CA 2002; 47–81
   Google Scholar
• Solowij N, Stephens R S, Roffman R A, Barbor T, Kadden R, Miller M, Christiansen K, McRee B, Vendetti J. Cognitive functioning of long term heavy cannabis users seeking treatment. JAMA 2002; 287(9)1123–1131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grady M. Cognitive deficits associated with heavy marijuana use appear to be reversible. NIDA Notes 2002; 17(1)1–3, www.nida.nih.gov/ NIDA_Notes (accessed May 2002
   Google Scholar
• Gorman D M, Derzon J H. Behavioral traits and marijuana use and abuse: a meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies. Addict Behav 2002; 27: 193–206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander D, Mangelsdorff D. Screening alcohol abuse potential among army reservists with the short Michigan alcoholism screening test (SMAST). Mil Med 1994; 159: 595–600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Authors Note: This personal knowledge of the sample was due to the authors participation as a member of this unit from 1978–1993
   Google Scholar
• Babor T F, de la Fuente J R, Saunders J, Grant M. AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tests: Guidelines for use in Primary Health Care. World Health Organization, GenevaSwitzerland 1992
   Google Scholar
• Otto R. The utility of the Michigan alcoholism screening test in the detection of alcoholics and problem drinkers. J Personality Assessment 1988; 43: 1157–1170
   Google Scholar
• SPSS 10 Software Program and SPSS Base 10.0 Applications Guide. SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL 1999
   Google Scholar
• George D, Mallery P. SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 10.0 Update3rd Ed. Allyn & Bacon, Boston 2001
   Google Scholar
• Carmines E G, Zellar R A. Reliability and Validity Assessment. Sage Series: Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences: No 87‐017, Sage University Press. Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA 1981
   Google Scholar
• Kim J, Mueller C W. Introduction to Factor Analysis: What it is and How to do it. Sage Series: Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences: No 07‐013, Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA 1981
   Google Scholar
• Kim J, Mueller C W. Factor Analysis: Statistical Methods and Practical Issues. Sage Series: Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences: No 07‐014, Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA 1981
   Google Scholar
• The NHSDA Report. Neighborhood Characteristics and Youth Marijuana Use: National Survey on Drug Abuse. SAMHSA. January, 2002, http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/facts/Neighbor.htm, (accessed January 2002)
   Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse Trend in Texas: December 2001. Report produced by the Gulf Coast Addiction Technology Transfer Center (GCATTC), Center for Social Work Research, School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 2002; 14–17
   Google Scholar
• Texas School Survey of Drug and Alcohol Use 2000: Houston Independent School Districts Part 1: District Survey Results. Public Policy and Research Institute: Texas A&M University. 2001
   Google Scholar
• Personal knowledge as the unit Alcohol & Drug Training Officer and Army Regulation AR # 600‐85, indicating Army policy at the time of the survey did not conduct random drug screening on Reservist, 1978‐1993
   Google Scholar
• Alexander D E, Mangelsdorff D. Unpublished Slide Presentation, Results of a Screening for Alcohol and Marijuana Abuse Potential in an Army Reservist Sample. American Psychological Association Annual Convention, San Francisco, CA, August, 161991
   Google Scholar