Controlled Exposure to Light and Darkness Realigns the Salivary Cortisol Rhythm in Night Shift Workers

References

• Åkerstedt T. Work hours and sleepiness. Neurophysiol. Clin. 1995; 25: 367–375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Naimi S., Hampton S. M., Richard P., Tzung C., Morgan L. M. Postprandial metabolic profiles following meals and snacks during simulated night and day shiftwork. Chronobiol. Int. 2004; 21(6)937–947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boivin D. B., James F. O. Circadian adaptation to night shift work by judicious light and darkness exposure. J. Biol. Rhythms 2002; 17: 556–567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buxton O. M., L′Hermite-Balériaux M., Turek F. W., Van Cauter E. Daytime naps in darkness phase shift the human circadian rhythms of melatonin and thyrotropin. Am. J. Physiol. 2000; 278: R373–R382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caufriez A., Moreno-Reyes R., Leproult R., Vertongen F., Van Cauter E., Copinschi G. Immediate effects of an 8-h advance shift of the rest-activity cycle on 24-h profiles of cortisol. Am. J. Physiol. 2002; 282: E1147–E1153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charloux A., Gronfier C., Chapotot F., Ehrhart J., Piquard F., Brandenberger G. Sleep deprivation blunts the nightime increase in aldosterone release in humans. J. Sleep Res. 2001; 10: 27–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa G., Bertoldi A., Kovacic M., Ghirlanda G., Minors D. S., Waterhouse J. M. Hormonal secretion of nurses engaged in fast-rotating shift systems. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health 1997; 3: S35–S39
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crowley S. J., Lee C., Tseng C. Y., Fogg L. F., Eastman C. I. Combinations of bright light, scheduled dark, sunglasses, and melatonin to facilitate circadian entrainment to night shift work. J. Biol. Rhythms 2003; 18: 513–523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czeisler C. A., Johnson M. P., Duffy J. F., Brown E. N., Ronda J. M., Kronauer R. E. Exposure to bright light and darkness to treat physiologic maladaptation to night work. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990; 322: 1253–1259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czeisler C. A., Allan J. S., Strogatz S. H., Ronda J. M., Sánchez R. A., Ríos C. D., Freitag W. O., Richardson G. S., Kronauer R. E. Bright light resets the human circadian pacemaker independent of the timing of the sleep-wake cycle. Science 1986; 233: 667–671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson D., Lack L., Morris M. Phase resetting of the human circadian pacemaker with use of a single pulse of bright light. Chronobiol. Int. 1993; 10: 94–102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Lacerda L., Kowarski A., Migeon C. J. Integrated concentration of plasma cortisol in normal subjects. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1973; 36: 227–238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Désir D., Van Cauter E., Fang V. S., Martino E., Jadot C., Spire J. P., Noel P., Refetoff S., Copinschi G., Golstein J. Effects of “jet lag” on hormonal patterns. I. Procedures, variations in total plasma proteins, and disruption of adrenocorticotropin-cortisol periodicity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1981; 52: 628–641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinneen S., Alzaid A., Miles J., Rizza R. Metabolic effects of the nocturnal rise in cortisol on carbohydrate metabolism in normal humans. J. Clin. Invest. 1993; 92: 2283–2290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumont M., Benhaberou-Brun D., Paquet J. Profile of 24-h light exposure and circadian phase of melatonin secretion in night workers. J. Biol. Rhythms 2001; 16: 502–511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eastman C. I., Stewart K. T., Mahoney M. P., Liu L., Fogg L. F. Dark goggles and bright light improve circadian rhythm adaptation to night-shift work. Sleep 1994; 17: 535–543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foret J., Benoit O. Structure du sommeil chez des travailleurs à horaires alternants. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1974; 37: 337–344
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs M., Hampton S., Morgan L., Arendt J. Adaptation of the circadian rhythm of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin to a shift schedule of seven nights followed by seven days in offshore oil installation workers. Neurosci. Lett. 2002; 325: 91–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goh V. H. Circadian disturbances after night-shift work onboard a naval ship. Mil. Med. 2000; 165: 101–105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennig J., Kieferdorf P., Moritz C., Huwe S., Netter P. Changes in cortisol secretion during shiftwork: Implications for tolerance to shiftwork?. Ergonomics 1998; 41: 610–621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz T. S., Cade B. E., Wolfe J. M., Czeisler C. A. Efficacy of bright light and sleep/darkness scheduling in alleviating circadian maladaptation to night work. Am. J. Physiol. 2001; 281: E384–E391
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson B., Knutsson A., Lindahl B. Is there an association between shift work and having a metabolic syndrome? Results from a population based study of 27,485 people. Occup. Environ. Med. 2001; 58: 747–752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knutsson A. Health disorders of shift workers. Occup. Med. (Lond.) 2003; 53: 103–108
   Google Scholar
• Koller M., Kundi M., Cervinka R. Field studies of shift work at an Austrian oil refinery I: Health and psychosocial wellbeing of workers who drop out of shiftwork. Ergonomics 1978; 21: 835–847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koller M., Härma M., Laitinen J. T., Kundi M., Piegler B., Haider M. Different patterns of light exposure in relation to melatonin and cortisol rhythms and sleep of night shift workers. J. Pineal Res. 1994; 16: 127–135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurumatani N., Koda S., Nakagiri S., Hisashige A., Sakai K., Saito Y., Aoyama H., Dejima M., Moriyama T. The effects of frequently rotating shiftwork on sleep and the family life of hospital nurses. Ergonomics 1994; 37: 995–1007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leproult R., Copinschi G., Buxton O., Van Cauter E. Sleep loss results in an elevation of cortisol levels the next evening. Sleep 1997; 20: 865–870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lund J., Arendt J., Hampton S. M., English J., Morgan L. M. Postprandial hormone and metabolic responses amongst shift workers in Antarctica. J. Endocrinol. 2001; 171: 557–564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupien S. J., Wilkinson C. W., Brière S., Ménard C., Ng Y. K. N., Nair N. P. The modulatory effects of corticosteroids on cognition:studies in young human populations. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2002; 27: 401–416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin S. K., Eastman C. I. Medium-intensity light produces circadian rhythm adaptation to simulated night-shift work. Sleep 1998; 21: 154–165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meixner R., Gerhardstein R., Day R., Nykamp C. K., Syron M. L., Rosenthal L. The alerting effects of dexamethasone. Psychophysiol. 2003; 40: 254–259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Midwinter M. J., Arendt J. Adaptation of the melatonin rhythm in human subjects following night-shift work in Antarctica. Neurosci. Lett. 1991; 122: 195–198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills J. N., Minors D. S., Waterhouse J. M. Adaptation to abrupt time shifts of the oscillator[s] controlling human circadian rhythms. J. Physiol. 1978; 285: 455–470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plat L., Leproult R., L′Hermite-Balériaux M., Fery F., Mockel J., Polonsky K. S., Van Cauter E. Metabolic effects of short-term elevations of plasma cortisol are more pronounced in the evening than in the morning. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1999; 84: 3082–3092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roden M., Koller M., Pirich K., Vierhapper H., Waldhauser F. The circadian melatonin and cortisol secretion pattern in permanent night shift workers. Am. J. Physiol. 1993; 265: R261–R267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosekind M. R., Hurd S., Buccino K. R. Relationship of day versus night sleep to physician performance and mood. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1994; 24: 928–934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sack R. L., Blood M. L., Lewy A. J. Melatonin rhythms in night shift workers. Sleep 1992; 15: 434–441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sallinen M., Härma M., Mutanen P., Ranta R., Virkkala J., Muller K. Sleep-wake rhythm in an irregular shift system. J. Sleep Res. 2003; 12: 103–112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields M. Shift work and health. Health Reports (Statistics Canada catalogue 82–003) 2002; 13: 11–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stewart K. T., Hayes B. C., Eastman C. I. Light treatment for NASA shiftworkers. Chronobiol. Int. 1995; 12: 141–151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touitou Y., Portaluppi F., Smolensky M. H., Rensing L. Ethical principles and standards for the conduct of human and animal biological rhythm research. Chronobiol. Int. 2004; 21(1)161–170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cauter E. Diurnal and ultradian rhythms in human endocrine function: a minireview. Horm. Res. 1990; 34: 45–53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Cauter E., Polonsky K. S., Scheen A. J. Roles of circadian rhythmicity and sleep in human glucose regulation. Endocr. Rev. 1997; 18: 716–738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cauter E., Shapiro E. T., Tillil H., Polonsky K. S. Circadian modulation of glucose and insulin responses to meals: relationship to cortisol rhythm. Am. J. Physiol. 1992; 262: E467–E475
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weibel L., Brandenberger G. Disturbances in hormonal profiles of night workers during their usual sleep and work times. J. Biol. Rhythms 1998; 13: 202–208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weibel L., Brandenberger G. The start of the quiescent period of cortisol remains phase locked to the melatonin onset despite circadian phase alterations in humans working the night schedule. Neurosci. Lett. 2002; 318: 89–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weibel L., Spiegel K., Follenius M., Ehrhart J., Brandenberger G. Internal dissociation of the circadian markers of the cortisol rhythm in night workers. Am. J. Physiol. 1996; 270: E608–E613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weibel L., Spiegel K., Gronfier C., Follenius M., Brandenberger G. Twenty-four-hour melatonin and core body temperature rhythms: their adaptation in night workers. Am. J. Physiol. 1997; 272: R948–R954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitcomb J. E., Findling J. W., Raff H., Harnsher K. Randomized trial of oral hydrocortisone and its effect on emergency physicians during night duty. WMJ 2000; 99: 37–41, 46
   PubMedGoogle Scholar