BRAIN CT-SCAN IN ACUTE STROKE PATIENTS: SILENT INFARCTS AND RELATION TO OUTCOME

REFERENCES

• Chodosh E. H., Foulques M. A., Kase C. S., Wolf P. A., Mohr J. P., Hier D. B., Price T. R., Furtado J. G. Silent Stroke in the NINCDS Stroke Data Bank. Neurology 1988; 38: 1674–1679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herdersche D., Hijdra A., Algra A., Koudstaal P. J., Kapelle L. J., van Gijn J. for the DUTCH TIA Trial Study Group. Silent Stroke in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 1992; 23: 1220–1224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price T. R., Manolio T. A., Kronmal R. A., Kittner S. J., Yue N. C., Robbins J., Anton-Culver H., O'Leary D. H. Silent Brain Infarction on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Neurological Abnormalities in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. CHS Collaborative Research Group. Stroke 1997; 28: 1158–1164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kase C. S., Wolf P. A., Chodosh E. H., Zacker H. B., Kelly-Hayes M., Kannel W. B., D'Agostino R. B., Scampini L. Prevalence of Silent Stroke in Patients Presenting with Initial Stroke, the Framingham Study. Stroke 1989; 20: 850–852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mounier-Vehier F., Leys D., Rondepierre Ph., Godefroy O., Pruvo J. P. Silent Infarcts in Patients with Ischemic Stroke are Related to Age and Size of Left Atrium. Stroke 1993; 24: 1347–1351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corea F., Hénon H., Pasquier F., Leys D. and the Lille Stroke/Dementia Study Group. Silent Infarcts in Stroke Patients, Patient Characteristics and Effect on 2-Year Outcome. J. of Neurol. 2001; 248(4)271–278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brainin M., McShane L. M., Steiner M., Dachenhausen A., Seiser A. Silent Brain Infarcts and Transient Ischemic Attacks. A Three-Year Study of First-Ever Ischemic Stroke Patients, the Klosterneuburg Stroke Data Bank. Stroke 1995; 26: 1348–1352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricci S., Celani M. G., La Rosa F., Righetti E., Duca E., Caputo N. Silent Brain Infarctions in Patients with First-Ever Stroke. A Community-Based Study in Umbria, Italy. Stroke 1993; 24: 647–651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corea F., Hénon H., Milia P., Amici S., Leys D. Silent Infarcts and Outcome. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2000; 10((Suppl. 4))42–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petersen P., Madsen E. B., Brun B., Pedersen F., Gyldensted C., Boysen G. Silent Cerebral Infarction in Chronic Atrial Fibrillation. Stroke 1987; 18: 1098–1100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okada Y., Fujishima M. Silent Stroke and Advance in Neuroimaging. Rinsho Hoshasen. 1989; 34: 641–646
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laloux P., Ossemann M., Jamart J. Stroke Subtypes and Risk Factors Associated with Silent Infarctions in Patients with First-Ever Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. Acta Neurol. Belg. 1994; 94: 17–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris J. W., Zhu C. Z. Silent Stroke and Carotid Stenosis. Stroke 1992; 23: 483–485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard G., Wagenknecht L. E., Cai J., Cooper L., Kraut M. A., Toole J. F. Cigarette Smoking and Other Risk Factors for Silent Cerebral Infarction in the General Population. Stroke 1998; 29: 913–917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kempster P. A., Gerraty R. P., Gates P. C. Asymptomatic Cerebral Infarction in Patients with Chronic Atrial Fibrillation. Stroke 1988; 19: 955–957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hara M., Ooie T., Yufu K., Tsunematsu Y., Kusakabe T., Ooga M., Saikawa T., Sakata T. Silent Cortical Strokes Associated with Atrial Fibrillation. Clin. Cardiol. 1995; 18: 573–574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi S., Okada K., Koide H., Bokura H., Yamaguchi S. Subcortical Silent Brain Infarction as a Risk Factor for Clinical Stroke. Stroke 1997; 28(10)1932–1939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans G. W., Howard G., Murros K. E., Rose L. A., Toole J. F. Cerebral Infarction Verified by Cranial Computed Tomography and Prognosis for Survival Following Transient Ischemic Attack. Stroke 1991; 22: 431–436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zukowski A. J., Nicolaides A. N., Lewis R. T., Mansfield A. O., Williams M. A., Helmis E., Malouf G. M., Thomas D., Al-Kutoubi A., Kyprianou P. The Correlation Between Carotid Plaque Ulceration and Cerebral Infarction Seen on CT-Scan. J. Vasc. Surg. 1984; 782–786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davalos A., Matias-Guiu J., Torrent O., Vilaseca J., Codina A. Computed Tomography in Reversible Ischemic Attacks, Clinical and Prognostic Correlation in a Prospective Study. J. Neurol. 1988; 235: 155–158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisberg L. A., Stazio A. A Neurologically Asymptomatic with a Single Cerebral Lacuna. South Medical. Journ. 1989; 82: 981–984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EAFT Study Group. Silent Brain Infarction in Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation. Neurology 1996; 46: 159–165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boon A., Lodder J., Heuts-van Raak L., Kessels F. Silent Brain Infarcts in 755 Consecutive Patients with a First-Ever Supratentorial Ischemic Stroke. Relationship with Index-Stroke Subtype, Vascular Risk Factors, and Mortality. Stroke 1994; 25: 2384–2390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorgensen H. S., Nakayama H., Raaschou H. O., Gam J., Olsen T. S. Silent Infarction in Acute Stroke Patients. Prevalence, Localization, Risk Factors, and Clinical Significance, the Copenhagen Stroke Study. Stroke 1994; 25: 97–104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leys D., Erkinjuntti T., Desmond D. W., Schmidt R., Englund E., Pasquier F., Parnetti L., Ghika J., Kalaria R. N., Chabriat H., Scheltens P., Bogousslavsky J. Vascular Dementia, the Role of Cerebral Infarcts. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 1999; 13((Suppl. 3))S38–S48
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pasquier F., Hénon H., Leys D. Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Post-stroke Dementia Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 1999; 155(9)749–753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parnetti L. Pathophysiology of Vascular Dementia and White Matter Changes. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 1999; 155(9)754–758
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hachinski V. C., Lassen N. A., Marshall J. Multi-Infarct Dementia. A Cause of Mental Deterioration in the Elderly. Lancet 1974; 27: 207–210
   Google Scholar
• Tatemichi T. K., Foulkes M. A., Mohr J. P., Hewitt J. R., Hier D. B., Price T. R., Wolf P. A. Dementia in Stroke Survivors in the Stroke Data Bank Cohort. Prevalence, Incidence, Risk Factors, and Computed Tomographic Findings. Stroke 1990; 21: 858–866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Haan R., Horn J., Limburg M., Van Der Meulen J., Bossuyt P. A. Comparison of Five Stroke Scales with Measures of Disability, Handicap, and Quality of Life. Stroke 1993; 24(8)1178–1181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams H. P., Jr., Bendixen B. H., Kappelle L. J., Biller J., Love B. B., Gordon D. L., Marsh E. E. 3D. Classification of Subtypes of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Definitions for Use in a Multicenter Clinical Trial. Stroke 1993; 24: 35–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamford J. M. The Role of The Clinical Examination in the Subclassification of Stroke. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2000; 10((Suppl. 4))2–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leys D., Pruvo J. P., Petit H., Gaudet Y., Clarisse J. Maladie d' Alzheimer analyse statistique des résultats du scanner X. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 1989; 145: 134–139
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bendel R. B., Afifi A. A. Comparison of Stopping Rules in Forward Regression. J. Am. Stat. Ass. 1977; 72: 46–53
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glantz S. A., Slinker B. K. Primer of Applied Regression and Analysis of Variance. McGraw Hill, New York 1990
   Google Scholar
• Nakagawa T., Sekizawa K., Nakajoh K., Tanji H., Arai H., Sasaki H. Silent Cerebral Infarction, a Potential Risk for Pneumonia in the Elderly. J. Intern. Med. 2000; 247(2)255–259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Zagten M., Boiten J., Kessels F., Lodder J. Significant Progression of White Matter Lesions and Small Deep (Lacunar) Infarcts in Patients with Stroke. Arch. Neurol. 1996; 53(7)650–655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar